War — Effects of Outbreak of — Enemy Aliens — Deportation of — Law of the United States.

War — Effects of — Enemy Aliens — Persona Standi in Judicio — Resident Enemy Aliens — Non-resident Enemy Aliens — United States Trading with the Enemy Act — Purpose of.

War — Effects of Outbreak of — Enemy Property — Property Belonging to Subject of a Belligerent Resident in Enemy Territory — French Ordinance of October 5, 1944.

Angary — Existence of Right of Angary in International Law — Nature of Right of Angary — Conditions of its Exercise — Duty of Compensation — Competence of Municipal Courts.

War — Effects of — Trading with the Enemy — Meaning of Term “Enemy”.

Belligerent Occupation — Nature and Effect of — Status of Inhabitants in Occupied Territory — Whether Enemy Persons in Relation to Sovereign of Territory.

Enemy Character — National Territory Occupied by Enemy — Status of Inhabitants — Occupation of Burma by Japanese — Defence of India Rules, Nos. 2 and 97 — Alien Enemy — Procedural Capacity — Prosecution of Appeal — Law of India.

Belligerent Occupation — Effect of — On Enemy Character — Company Domiciled in Occupied Territory — Transfer of Functions to Non-Enemy Territory — Enemy Character.

Enemy Character — Of Corporation — Company Incorporated in Occupied Territory — Transfer of functions to Non-Enemy Territory — Residence of Company.

Warfare at Sea — Orders given to Submarine Commanders regarding the Treatment of Survivors of Torpedoed Enemy Vessels — “Laconia Order” — Rules of Warfare — Enforcement of — Punishment of War Crimes — Operational Necessity.

Laws of War — Binding Force of — Operational Necessity in Warfare at Sea — Orders given to Submarine Commanders regarding the Treatment of Survivors of Torpedoed Enemy Vessels — “Laconia Order” — War Crimes.

Warfare at Sea — Killing of Survivors of Torpedoed Enemy Merchant Vessel — Defence of Superior Orders — Operational Necessity.

Laws of War — Binding Force of — Plea of Necessity — Operational Necessity in Warfare at Sea — Killing of Survivors of Torpedoed Enemy Merchant-Vessel — War Crimes — Defence of Superior Orders.

Belligerent Occupation — Civilian Inhabitants — Treatment of — Killing of Nationals of Allied States Deported from their Countries — Article 46 of the Hague Regulations.

Laws of War — Subjects of — Civilians as Authors of War Crimes — Civilians Supplying Gas for Extermination of Persons in Violation of Laws of War — German Extermination Camps — Article 46 of the Hague Regulations.

War — Enforcement of the Laws of — War Crimes — Superior Orders.

Belligerent Occupation — Civilian Inhabitants — Treatment of — Killing of Nationals of Allied States Deported from their Countries — Superior Orders.

Laws of War — Subjects of — Civilians as Authors of War Crimes — War Crimes Committed by Civilian Members of Staff of Sanatorium — Extermination of Persons in Violation of Laws of War — Superior Orders.

Laws of War — Subjects of — Responsibility of Military Commander for War Crimes Committed by Troops under his Command — Ill-treatment of Civilian Inhabitants in Occupied Territory.

Laws of War — Subjects of — Responsibility of Military Commander for War Crimes Committed by Troops under his Command.

War Crimes — Punishment of — Superior Orders.

Warfare on Land — Reprisals — Nature of — War Crimes as Reprisals — Execution of Civilians as Reprisal for Acts Committed against the Belligerent — Responsibility of Military Commander for War Crimes Committed by Troops under his Command — Superior Orders.

Punishment of War Crimes — Municipal Tribunals — International Law as Part of the Law of Norway — Retroactive Operation of Laws — The Law of Norway.

Laws of War — Subjects of — Civilians as Authors of War Crimes.

War Crimes — Punishment of — Plea of Superior Orders — Extermination of Persons in Violation of Laws of War — German Extermination Camps.

Belligerent Occupation — Civilian Inhabitants — Treatment of — Maltreatment and Extermination after Deportation.

War Crimes — Punishment of — Jurisdiction of Military Tribunals with Regard to Crimes Committed against Allied Nationals — Killing of Nationals of Allied States Deported from their Countries — Civilians as Authors of War Crimes-Civilians Employed on Staff of Concentration Camps — Extermination of Persons in Violation of Laws of War — German Extermination Camps — Superior Orders.

Prisoners of War — Articles 60 and 63 of Geneva Convention of 1929 — Applicability to War Criminals.

War Crimes — Punishment of — Authority of Field Commander to Appoint a Military Commission to Try Prisoners of War on Charges of War Crimes — Authority after Cessation of Hostilities — Review of Decisions of Military Commission and of its Rulings on Matters of Procedure — Responsibility of Commanders for War Crimes of Forces under their Command — Applicability of Articles 60 and 63 of Geneva Convention on Prisoners of War — Prisoners of War Charged with War Crimes — Trial of — Notice to Protecting Power.

Belligerent Forces — Membership of — Distinctive Sign — Article 1 of the Hague Regulations — Spies and Saboteurs — Status of — Execution without Trial.

Enforcement of the Laws of War — Reprisals — How Far Providing Justification for War Crimes — Superior Orders.

Enforcement of the Laws of War — Punishment of War Crimes — Tribunals Competent to Punish War Crimes — Jurisdiction of United States Military Commissions — Article 63 of the Geneva (Prisoners of War) Convention, 1929.

Prisoners of War — Status of — Treatment of — Execution without Trial — Sabotage — Execution of Spies and Saboteurs.

Laws of War — Enforcement of — War Crimes — Defence of Superior Orders — Reprisals — Superior Orders Based on Reprisals — Prisoners of War — Status of — Article 1 of the Hague Regulations — Treatment of Prisoners of War — Execution without Trial — Spies and Saboteurs — Status of — Execution without Trial — Jurisdiction of United States Military Commission — Article 63 of the Geneva (Prisoners of War) Convention, 1929.

War — Enemy Character — Persons Domiciled in Enemy Country.

War — Termination of — Cessation of Hostilities — Co-belligerency of Italy — Absence of Treaty of Peace.

Prisoners of War — Persons Liable to Capture — American Citizen Serving in Italian Army — Labour Service — Effect on Status as Prisoner of War — Effect of Outbreak of War — Enemy Character — Persons Domiciled in Enemy Territory — Termination of War — Cessation of Hostilities — Co-Beiligerency of Italy — Absence of Treaty of Peace.

Enforcement of the Laws of War — Punishment of War Crimes — Tribunals Competent to Punish War Crimes — Jurisdiction of United States Military Commissions.

War — Enforcement of the Laws of — War Crimes — Defence of Superior Orders.

Prisoners of War — Treatment of — Execution without Trial — War Crimes — Superior Orders — Jurisdiction of United States Military Tribunal.

Laws of War — Subjects of — Civilians as Authors of War Crimes — Civilians Guilty of Killing Prisoners of War.

Prisoners of War — Treatment of — Duty of Guards to Protect Prisoners against Acts of Violence — Civilians Guilty of Killing Prisoners of War.