A brooch from Marham, Norfolk, is identifed as being a hybrid Colchester Derivative and its relationship with other Colchester Derivatives is discussed. An examination of the basic distribution of the parent of the Marham brooch, the Rearhook, shows that it is of Icenian origin. Discussion of other rare hybrids along with the dating of the parent reveals that, alone of British brooches, the Rearhook has what may be described as an abrupt cut-off date which can be equated with the suppression of the Iceni. Only one hybrid has any development, and that is the one to which the Marham brooch belongs. The fantail foot found on many Rearhooks also has a later history which is examined. The discussion focuses on the dating and distribution of what may be described as ultimate Rearhook derivatives. The early post-Boudiccan history of the Iceni is alluded to and a case presented for the probable deliberate plantation of Icenians at Castleford.

Although the so-called vexillation fortress at Osmanthorpe (SK 678563) in the Greet Valley, Nottinghamshire, is a recent discovery, fieldwork in the immediate vicinity of the site has been conducted independent of it in the past. This paper reports the results of recent work connected with what we shall term the castra and brings to wider attention some of the earlier work in the Greet Valley, combined with a consideration of its possible implications.

During July and August 1990 several finds of Roman metalwork and other material were reported to the Milton Keynes Archaeology Unit by metal-detector-users searching on the line of the Fenny Stratford bypass, which was at that time being constructed to the south of Milton Keynes, close to the boundary of the scheduled area covering the site of the small Roman town of Magiovinium. Of particular note among these discoveries was the finding of three coarse-ware vessels containing quantities of copper-alloy coin blanks and pellets, and a pair of possible iron coin dies (PL. IA), reported to the Unit by the finder. After preliminary recording and some statistical analysis by Bob Zeepvat, samples of the coin blanks and pellets were chemically analysed by Matthew Ponting at the Institute of Archaeology, London, while conservation and cleaning of the dies, followed by chemical and physical tests, were undertaken by the Conservation and Scientific Research departments at the British Museum. This work was carried out by Janet Lang and Mike Cowell. The pottery was examined and reported on by Pauline Marney. The hoard remains the property of the landowners, Buckinghamshire County Council, and the initial stages of the watching-brief at Galley Lane were carried out by the Milton Keynes Unit on behalf of the Buckinghamshire County Museum.

Professor Michael Speidel has recently suggested that the abbreviation SC on military inscriptions does not, as is commonly thought, refer to singularis consularis but to summus curator. In some instances his interpretation is without doubt correct. However, his view that the five examples from Britain are not the guards of the provincial governor but chief accounts-clerks needs further consideration. Speidel argues that the post of singularis consularis is usually abbreviated to sing. or singul. cos. This is quite true, but it must be noted that examination of all the different examples of singulares shows that the post could be abbreviated in a large number of ways; even in the same document it may be written and abbreviated in different ways by the same clerk. At Apulum, the provincial capital of Dacia, no less than ten different ways are used on tile-stamps to refer to the governor's guards, while inscriptions there reveal a further three. Among the tile-stamps is the abbreviation SC, here without any doubt meaning singulares consularis; consequently, there is a firm Continental parallel for the traditional interpretation of the British examples, which Speidel would have changed. Presumably the British (and African) troops preferred a particular style of abbreviation, which was not so favoured elsewhere in the Empire. The only soldier in Britain who was without doubt a strator co(n)s(ularis) significantly and deliberately chose to write the first part of his title out in full, although this meant abbreviating and ligaturing his own name; this suggests that he wished to avoid confusion over the meaning of the normal abbreviation SC, which—in Britain at any rate—referred to singularis consularis.

The original poem inscribed above an image of Europa and the bull on the Lullingstone villa mosaic has long been recognised as referring to an episode in Ovid's Metamorphoses and making an allusion to Virgil's Aeneid. Here it is proposed that it is also a parody of a poem by Martial on the same subject and adds to the growing quantity of classical literature with which the fourth-century Romano-British elite are known to have been familiar.

An alternative is proposed to the interpretation of the plan of Dalswinton Roman fort offered by W.S. Hanson and colleagues in their important study of the air-photographic, geophysical and LiDAR evidence published in Britannia in 2019. It is suggested that the larger, second-phase fort faced not east, but south, as previously thought, but that most of the remains of this layout have been removed by the plough. A suggestion is made concerning the possible garrison of the second-phase fort.

A black mineral amulet in the form of a human bust is the only one of its kind so far found in Britain. Found c. 1900 during brick-making, it probably came from the burial of a young female. The authenticity of its provenance, context and associated finds is reviewed in the light of other grave groups, and its iconography and use are compared to those of other black mineral amulets from Britain and the Continent. Supplementary material available online (https://doi.org/10.1017/S0068113X20000094) comprises a short biography of Henry Money and a catalogue of beads.