While certainly not the first to portray Asian civilizations as stagnant societies, John Stuart Mill was quite adept at using the concept of ''Oriental despotism'' to warn the West that it might suffer a similar fate if its distinguishing features of individuality and political pluralism fell into a state of neglect. Such a state was imminent, Mill believed, because the tyranny of majority opinion had already begun to hold sway in most Western cultures, and centralized bureaucratic socialism appeared ready to take root in some of them. Also problematic was the fact that the democratic franchise had spread too far and too fast in his lifetime, as had a single-minded focus on material gain. Taken together, Mill feared, these last two features threatened to trap the West in a leaderless age of transition for decades and, perhaps, generations. In retrospect, however, it appears that they helped inaugurate a new ''natural'' state, in Mill's parlance, organized around the needs of the industrial economy, that has captivated the liberal project of human improvement central to his social and political thought.

The political tolerance and urban sociology literature indicates that urban residence is positively linked to tolerant attitudes and behaviour. Because the city favours more contacts with unconventional groups and individuals, urban dwellers develop a higher level of political tolerance. The present article tests the empirical relevance of the rural/urban cleavage in the Canadian context. The paper shows that ''urban'' political tolerance may be specific to the United States.

This article argues that provincial government units for Aboriginal affairs in Ontario and British Columbia have ''double identities'' stemming from contradictory mandates anchored in two different policy communities. Aboriginal policy agencies act as Crown negotiators with Aboriginal nations over land claims and self-government, but are also responsible for co-ordinating government policies affecting Aboriginals. Consequently, they interact with two different policy communities. One involves economic and resource ministries, which engage in a pressure pluralist relationship with Aboriginal groups. The second involves social policy ministries who engage in more clientele pluralist relationships with Aboriginals. Consequently, Aboriginal policy agencies display different identities and play different and sometimes contradictory roles. These ''double identities'' illustrate the complexity and contradictions of provincial-Aboriginal relations in Canada.

Interest group litigation is often seen as pitting social interests against the state. This view matches a wider perspective that judicial review is a battle between state and social actors. Recently, neo-institutionalist and postpluralists have led political scientists to question the assumptions that underlie these traditional views of judicial review and interest group litigation. If the state is an active patron of interest group litigation then the way we see interest group litigation and judicial review must change. This article traces the history of the Court Challenges Program of Canada and concludes that the Program's evolution challenges the traditional views of judicial review and interest group litigation. It shows an embedded state at war with itself in court.

Cairns, Alan C. Citizens Plus: Aboriginal Peoples and the Canadian State. By Joyce Green 623

Flanagan, Tom. First Nations? Second Thoughts. Par Jean-François Savard 625

Manfredi, Christopher P. Judicial Power and the Charter: Canada and the Paradox of Liberal Constitutionalism. By Miriam Smith 627

Corbo, Claude, sous la direction de. Repenser l'École : une anthologie des débats sur l'éducation au Québec de 1945 au rapport Parent. Par Annie Mercure 629

Howe, R. Brian and David Johnson. Restraining Equality. By Paul Groarke 632

Stewart, David K. and Keith Archer. Quasi-Democracy? Parties and Leadership Selection in Alberta. By Harold J. Jansen 634

Adkin, Laurie E. Politics of Sustainable Development: Citizens, Unions and the Corporations. By Milton Fisk 635

Gibson, Robert B., ed. Voluntary Initiatives. The New Politics of Corporate Greening. By Jean Mercier 637

Vosko, Leah F. Temporary Work: The Gendered Rise of a Precarious Employment Relationship. By David Camfield 639

Amar, Akhil Reed. The Bill of Rights: Creation and Reconstruction. By Matthew DeBell 640

Kagan, Robert A. and Lee Axelrad, eds. Regulatory Encounters: Multinational Corporations and American Adversarial Legalism. By Susan Summers Raines 641

Barbier, Maurice. La modernité politique. Par Jean-François Lessard 643

Badie, Bertrand. The Imported State: The Westernization of the Political Order. By Geoff Martin 645

Gill, Graeme. The Dynamics of Democratization: Elites, Civil Society and the Transition Process. By Daniel M. Brinks 646

Gunther, Richard and Anthony Mughan, eds. Democracy and the Media: A Comparative Perspective. By Bartholomew Sparrow 648

Klieman, Aharon. Compromising Palestine: A Guide to Final Status Negotiations. By Julie Trottier 650

Huang, Jing. Factionalism in Chinese Communist Politics. By Chih-Yu Shih 652

Kim, Samuel S., ed. Korea's Globalization. By Hoon Jaung Chung-Ang 654

Powell, Jr., G. Bingham. Elections as Instruments of Democracy: Majoritarian and Proportional Visions. By Richard Johnston 655

Tesh, Sylvia Noble. Uncertain Hazards: Environmental Activists and Scientific Proof. By William Chaloupka 657

Watts, Ronald L. Comparing Federal Systems. By Michael Stein 658

Eisenstadt, S. N. Paradoxes of Democracy; Fragility, Continuity, and Change. By Brian Donohue 660

Castles, Stephen and Alastair Davidson. Citizenship and Migration: Globalization and the Politics of Belonging. By Triadafilos Triadafilopoulos 661

Sidjanski, Dusan. The Federal Future of Europe: From European Community to the European Union. By Emmanuel Brunet-Jailly 663

DeWiel, Boris. Democracy: A History of Ideas. By Florian Bail 664

Newell, Waller R. Ruling Passion: The Erotics of Statecraft in Platonic Political Philosophy. By Andrew Hertzoff 666

Hueglin, Thomas O. Early Modern Concepts for a Late Modern World: Althusius on Community and Federalism. By Phillip Hansen 668

Slomp, Gabriella. Thomas Hobbes and the Political Philosophy of Glory. By Don Carmichael 670

Thompson, Norma, ed. Instilling Ethics. By Gary K. Browning 671

Boutwell, Jeffrey and Michael T. Klare, eds. Light Weapons and Civil Conflict: Controlling the Tools of Violence. By Kirsten E. Schulze 672

Falk, Richard. Predatory Globalization: A Critique. By Stella Ladi 674

Meyer, Mary K. and Elisabeth Prügl. Gender Politics in Global Governance. By Naomi Black 675

Policy convergence theory suggests that political leaders of societies will often emulate policy solutions that work in other settings. Yet political leaders can also reject policy alternatives, leading to policy divergence. This study explores the extent to which policy convergence (and/or divergence) takes place in the legal setting of citation practices by the Supreme Court of Canada. The authors examine the Court's practice of citing authorities from other countries, particularly the United States. The findings echo earlier works that have found increasing citation of US case law since the adoption of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms in 1982. The justices of the Canadian Supreme Court continue to devote considerable attention to the legal doctrines of other countries' courts, particularly when they are confronted with Charter disputes. Thus, convergence theory gets some qualified support when applied to the Canadian Supreme Court's citation practices. The authors provide several complementary explanations for this evidence of policy emulation, suggesting that it stems from the individual attitudes of justices, from the litigation strategies pursued by groups and from broader societal values that the justices adhere to in their rulings. As such, foreign citation patterns of justices on the Supreme Court of Canada should not only be of interest to public law scholars, but to political scientists generally.

La théorie sur la convergence des politiques soutient que les dirigeants des sociétés imitent souvent les solutions politiques qui ont fait leur preuve dans d'autres contextes. Les dirigeants peuvent également, cependant, rejeter les alternatives politiques menant à des divergences. Cette étude examine la portée de la convergence (ou des divergences) des politiques dans le cadre des pratiques de citation de la Cour suprême du Canada, lorsque celles-ci concernent les autorités de d'autres pays, les États-Unis en particulier. Ses conclusions rejoignent celles de travaux antérieurs qui ont constaté une augmentation des citations des lois américaines depuis l'adoption de la Charte canadienne des droits et libertés, en l982. Les juges de la Cour Suprême du Canada continuent d'accorder une attention importante aux doctrines légales des cours des autres pays, en particulier lorsqu'ils sont confrontés à des contestations de la Charte. Donc la théorie de la convergence est confirmée dans une certaine mesure par les pratiques de citation de la Cour suprême du Canada. L'article fournit plusieurs explications complémentaires de cette politique d'imitation, suggérant qu'elle origine des attitudes individuelles des juges, des stratégies de contestation utilisées par les groupes et, plus largement, des valeurs sociétales auxquelles se référent les juges dans leurs décisions. Par conséquent, les patterns de citation des jurisprudences étrangères de la Cour suprême du Canada devraient intéressé, non seulement les chercheurs en droit public, mais les spécialistes de la science politique en général.

Ajzenstat, Janet, Paul Romney, Ian Gentles and William D. Gairdner, eds. Canada's Founding Debates. By Alan Cairns 847

Lazar, Harvey, ed. Canada: The State of the Federation 1999/2000: Toward a New Mission Statement for Canadian Fiscal Federalism. By Hugh Mellon 848

Mouchon, Jean. La politique sous l'influence des médias; Monière, Denis. Démocratie médiatique et représentation politique: analyse comparative de quatre journaux télévisés : Radio-Canada, France 2, RTBF (Belgique) et TSR (Suisse); et Gingras, Anne-Marie. Médias et démocratie. Le grand malentendu. Par Maud Vuillardot 850

Livingstone, D. W., D. Hart and L. E. Davie. Public Attitudes towards Education in Ontario 1998: The Twelfth OISE/UT Survey; and O'Sullivan, Edmund. Transformative Learning: Educational Vision for the 21st Century. By Benjamin Levin 853

Perrier, Yvan et Raymond Robert. Savoir Plus : outils et méthodes de travail intellectuel. Par Veronique Bell 855

Salazar, Debra J. and Donald K. Alper, eds. Sustaining the Forests of the Pacific Coast: Forging Truces in the War in the Woods. By Jeremy Rayner 856

DeLuca, Kevin Michael. Image Politics: The New Rhetoric of Environmental Activism. By Michael Howlett 857

Beem, Christopher. The Necessity of Politics: Reclaiming American Public Life. By Loralea Michaelis 858

Kennedy, Moorhead, R. Gordon Hoxie and Brenda Repland, eds. The Moral Authority of Government: Essays to Commemorate the Centennial of the National Institute of Social Sciences. By Joseph M. Knippenberg 860

Atkinson, Hugh and Stuart Wilks-Heeg. Local Government from Thatcher to Blair: The Politics of Creative Autonomy. By G. W. Jones 862

Geoghegan, Patrick M. The Irish Act of Union: A Study in High Politics, 1798-1801. By Gary Owens 863

Sabetti, Filippo. The Search for Good Government: Understanding the Paradox of Italian Democracy. By Grant Amyot 864

Stein, Eric. Thoughts from a Bridge: A Retrospective of Writings on New Europe and American Federalism. By Manuel Mertin 866

Janos, Andrew C. East Central Europe in the Modern World: The Politics of the Borderlands from Pre- to Post-Communism. By Paul G. Lewis 869

Higley, John and Gyorgy Lengyel, eds. Elites after State Socialism: Theories and Analysis. By Marta Dyczok 870

Lomnitz, Larissa Adler and Ana Melnick. Chile's Political Culture and Parties: An Anthropological Explanation. By Ken Roberts 872

Itzigsohn, José. Developing Poverty: The State, Labor Market Deregulation, and the Informal Economy in Costa Rica and the Dominican Republic. By Andrew Schrank 873

Davenport, Rodney and Christopher Saunders. South Africa: A Modern History. By Hermann Giliomee 875

Matthes, Melissa M. The Rape of Lucretia and the Founding of Republics. By Lori J. Marso 877

Gorham, Eric B. The Theater of Politics: Hannah Arendt, Political Science, and Higher Education. By Herman van Gunsteren 878

Dodd, Nigel. Social Theory and Modernity. By J. C. Myers 879

Sciabarra, Chris Matthew. Total Freedom: Toward a Dialectical Libertarianism. By Paul Safier 881

Sztompka, Piotr. Trust: A Sociological Theory. By Fiona M. Kay 882 Laugier, Sandra. Recommencer la philosphie. La philosophie américaine aujourd'hui. Par Dalie Giroux 884

Bishop, John Douglas, ed. Ethics and Capitalism. By Raino Malnes 886

Orend, Brian. War and International Justice: A Kantian Perspective. By Howard Williams 888

Buchanan, Allen, Dan W. Brock, Norman Daniels and Daniel Wikler. From Chance to Choice: Genetics and Justice. By Travis D. Smith 889

Young, Iris Marion. Inclusion and Democracy. By Jeff Spinner-Halev 891

Shapiro, Ian and Stephen Macedo, eds. Designing Democratic Institutions. By John S. Dryzek 893

O'Brien, Robert, Anne Marie Goetz, Jan Aart Scholte and Marc Williams. Global Governance: Multilateral Economic Institutions and Global Social Movements. By Stephen McBride 894

Giddens, Anthony. Runaway World: How Globalization Is Reshaping Our Lives. By Trevor Salmon 896

Haglund, David G., ed. Pondering NATO's Nuclear Options: Gambits for a Post-Westphalian World. By T.V. Paul 897

Bertsch, Gary K. and William C. Potter, eds. Dangerous Weapons, Desperate States: Russia, Belarus, Kazakstan, and Ukraine. By Benjamin E. Goldsmith 898

Shlaim, Avi. The Iron Wall: Israel and the Arab World. By Salim Mansur 900

Aldecoa, Francisco and Michael Keating, eds. Paradiplomacy in Action: The Foreign Relations of Subnational Governments. By Hans J. Michelmann 901

Davis, James W. Threats and Promises: The Pursuit of International Influence. By David Rousseau 903

Lavoy, Peter R., Scott D. Sagan and James J. Wirtz, eds. Planning the Unthinkable: How New Powers Will Use Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical Weapons. By Greg Dinsmore 905

Dobrowolsky, Alexandra. The Politics of Pragmatism: Women, Representation, and Constitutionalism in Canada. By Deborah Stienstra 403

Dion, Stéphane. Straight Talk: Speeches and Writings on Canadian Unity. By Ines Molinaro 404

Mellon, Hugh and Martin Westmacott, eds. Political Dispute and Judicial Review: Assessing the Work of the Supreme Court of Canada By Christopher P. Manfredi 406

Sossin, Lorne M. Boundaries of Judicial Review: The Law of Justiciability in Canada. By James B. Kelly 407

Swainger, Jonathan. The Canadian Department of Justice and the Completion of Confederation, 1867-78. By Peter J. Smith 408

Madar, Daniel. Heavy Traffic: Deregulation, Trade, and Transformation in North American Trucking. By Anthony Perl 410

Elkin, Stephen and Karol Soltan, eds. Citizen Competence and Democratic Institutions. By Henry Milner 411

Bauer, Julien. Politique et religion. Par Stéphane Labranche 413

Waldner, David. State Building and Late Development. By Saime Ozcurumez 415

Mink, Gwendolyn. Welfare's End By Margaret Little 417

Sabatier, Paul A., ed. Theories of the Policy Process By Grace Skogstad 419

Mintrom, Michael. Policy Entrepreneurs and School Choice. By Frederick M. Hess 420

Shaiko, Ronald G.. Voices and Echoes: Public Interest Representation in the 1990s and Beyond. By Eric Mintz 422

White, John Kenneth and Daniel M. Shea. New Party Politics: From Jefferson and Hamilton to the Information Age. By Rosalind Blanco Cook 423

Raymond, Joad, ed. News, Newspapers, and Society in Early Modern Britain. By Brian Richardson 424

Bennett, Rab. Under the Shadow of the Swastika: The Moral Dilemmas of Resistance and Collaboration in Hitler's Europe. By Lynne Taylor 426

Bhatia, G. S., J. S. O'Neill, G. L. Gall and P. D. Bendin, eds. Peace, Justice and Freedom: Human Rights Challenges in the New Millennium. By Marlies Glasius 427

Brinks, Jan Herman. Children of a New Fatherland: Germany's Post-War Right-Wing Politics. By Adrienne Wallace 429

Gorbachev, Mikhail. Gorbachev: On My Country and the World. By Margaret Ogrodnick 430

Greven, Michael Th. and Louis W. Pauly, eds. Democracy beyond the State? The European Dilemma and the Emerging Global Order. By Alexandra Kogl 432

Krishna, Sankaran. Postcolonial Insecurities: India, Sri Lanka, and the Question of Nationhood. By Liz Philipson 433

Sutter, Robert G. Chinese Policy Priorities and Their Implications for the United States. By Yuchao Zhu 435

Caspary, William R. Dewey on Democracy. By Brian Hendley 436

Fierlbeck, Katherine. Globalizing Democracy: Power, Legitimacy and the Interpretation of Democratic Ideas. By Boris DeWiel 438

Kymlicka, Will and Wayne Norman, eds. Citizenship in Diverse Societies. By Paul Gilbert 439

Macleod, Colin M. Liberalism, Justice, and Markets: A Critique of Liberal Equality. By Matthew Clayton 441

Jones, Charles. Global Justice: Defending Cosmopolitanism. By Janna Thompson 442

Rey, J.-F., dir. Altérités : entre visible et invisible. Par Stéphane Labranche 444

Nevitte, Neil, André Blais, Elisabeth Gidengil and Richard Nadeau. Unsteady State: The 1997 Canadian Federal Election. By Duff Spafford 177

Arend, Sylvie et Christiane Rabier. Le processus politique. Environnement, prise de décision et pouvoir. Par Christine Bout de l'An 178

Cairns, Alan C., John C. Courtney, Peter MacKinnon, Hans J. Michelmann and David E. Smith, eds. Citizenship, Diversity, and Pluralism: Canadian and Comparative Perspectives. By Idil Boran 180

Benoit, William L. Seeing Spots: A Functional Analysis of Presidential Advertisements, 1952-1996. By Richard Jenkins 182

Reichmann, Rebecca, ed. Race in Contemporary Brazil: From Indifference to Inequality. By Ronald Schmidt, Sr. 183

McLaren, Peter. Che Guevara, Paulo Freire, and the Pedagogy of Revolution. By Marco A. Navarro-Génie 184

Laffan, Michael. The Resurrection of Ireland: The Sinn Fein Party 1916-1923. By Gretchen Macmillan 186

Schmitter, Philippe C. How to Democratize the European Union . . . and Why Bother? By Amir Abedi 187

Mandelbaum, Michael, ed. The New European Diasporas: National Minorities and Conflict in Eastern Europe. By Pál Dunay 189

Guibernau, Monserrat. Nations without States: Political Communities in a Global Age. By Margaret Moore 192

Arneil, Barbara. Politics and Feminism. By Judith Squires 193

Miller, David. Principles of Social Justice. By Annabelle Lever 195

Carens, Joseph H. Culture, Citizenship, and Community: A Contextual Exploration of Justice as Evenhandedness. By Monique Deveaux 197

Joppke, Christian and Steven Lukes, eds. Multicultural Questions. By Alan Patten 198

Steinhart, Eric. On Nietzsche. By Craig Beam 200

Verma, Vidhu. Justice, Equality and Community: An Essay in Marxist Political Theory. By Brian Caterino 201

Stoett, Peter. Human and Global Security: An Exploration of Terms. By Lowell Ewert 203

Clement, Norris C., Gustavo del Castillo Vera, James Gerber, William A. Kerr, Alan J. MacFadyen, Stanford Shedd, Eduardo Zepeda and Diane Alarcón. North American Economic Integration: Theory and Practice. By Tony Porter 204

Enloe, Cynthia. Maneuvers: The International Politics of Militarizing Women's Lives. By Maya Eichler 205

Youngs, Gillian. International Relations in a Global Age: A Conceptual Challenge. By Sandra Whitworth 207

Paul, T.V. and John A. Hall, eds. International Order and the Future of World Politics. By Kim Richard Nossal 208

Deng, Yong and Fei-Ling Wang, eds. In the Eyes of the Dragon: China Views the World. By Jeremy Paltiel 210

Regan, Patrick M. Civil Wars and Foreign Powers: Outside Intervention in Intrastate Conflict. By Stephen Ryan 212

Sandler, Todd and Keith Hartley. The Political Economy of NATO: Past, Present, and into the 21st Century. By David G. Haglund 213

Yeung, May T., Nicholas Perdikis and William A. Kerr. Regional Trading Blocs in the Global Economy: The EU and ASEAN. By Richard Stubbs 215

Zeiler, Thomas W. Free Trade, Free World: The Advent of GATT. By Sir Nicholas Bayne, KCMG 216