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Perfil de seguridad a corto plazo de zolpidem: medidas objetivas de efectos cognitivos

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 May 2020

A.C. DeClerk  and
J.C. Bisserbe
A.C. DeClerk
Affiliation:
Centro de Trastornos del Sueño/Despertar, Kempenhaeghe, Holanda
J.C. Bisserbe
Affiliation:
Inserm U302, Hospital de la Salpêtrière, París, Francia
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Resumen

Los efectos potenciales de zolpidem, un hipnótico no benzodiacepínico, sobre las funciones cognitivas y psicomotoras han sido analizados en más de 30 estudios controlados por placebo, y en muchos casos se han comparado con los de hipnóticos benzodiacepínicos de referencia (es decir, flunitracepán, nitracepán y triazolam). El impacto de la administración de fármacos sobre la atención durante el día se ha analizado mediante la Prueba Múltiple de Latencia de Sueño, y no se ha observado ningún déficit clínico tras la toma de 5 a 10 mg de zolpidem, a diferencia de lo que ocurre con las benzodiacepinas. La evaluación del efecto de zolpidem sobre la atención y las capacidades psicomotoras (umbral de fusión crítica de parpadeo, pruebas de sustitución o copia, tiempos de reacción para elección, pruebas de conducción, etc.) indican que zolpidem en las dosis recomendadas (5 mg en ancianos y 10 mg en adultos) no parece producir efectos perjudiciales importantes sobre la vigilancia durante el día, y sobre la concentración y coordinación a la mañana siguiente de la ingesta. Respecto a sus propiedades farmacocinéticas y farmacodinámicas, los efectos de zolpidem sobre las funciones de la memoria se limitaron a las primeras horas después de la administración y no se observó ninguna diferencia significativa entre zolpidem (5-10 mg) y placebo 6 horas después de la administración; se detectaron más alteraciones de la memoria con flunitracepán y triazolam. En estos estudios participaron varios grupos de sujetos, adultos jóvenes y personas mayores, voluntarios sanos y pacientes insomnes, y la duración del tratamiento varió entre una sola dosis y 28 días de tratamiento. En conclusión, las pruebas experimentales demuestran que zolpidem tiene un perfil satisfactorio (5-10 mg) sobre las funciones cognitivas del día en comparación con otros hipnóticos.

Keywords

zolpidemhipnóticofunciones cognitivasefectos residualsseguridad
Type
Revisión
Information
European Psychiatry (Ed. Española) , Volume 4 , Issue 6 , September 1997 , pp. 351 - 357
Copyright
Copyright © European Psychiatric Association 1997

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Footnotes

DeClerk AC, Bisserbe JC. Short-term safety profile of zolpidem: objective measures of cognitive effects. Eur Psychiatry 1997; 12 (Suppl 1): 15S-20S.

References

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