Family caregivers experience great stress after their old relatives have been diagnosed depression. Satisfying the needs of these caregivers may reduce their stress and empower their competence in caring those depressed older people. Therefore, it is essential to assess the needs of family caregivers.

To identify the needs of family caregivers’ in caring old relative with depression by literature review.

Criteria were set for searching published studies in databases. Both local and overseas researches that studied the needs of family caregivers of depressed adults aged 65 or above were included. Those studies with keywords, such as carers, caregivers, needs, concerns, elderly, old people and depression, in titles and abstracts were identified. The studies were limited to articles published between January 1990 and March 2012, in English or Chinese. All kinds of research design and methodology were included. Articles were obtained through databases, including CINAHL, OVID, Medline, Cochrane, ProQuest and PsycInfo. Besides, manual search was performed when necessary. Lastly, nine literatures were chosen for reviewing as they fulfilled the criteria.

Family caregivers experienced negative emotional burden, stress and worry. Besides, they were fear of isolation and change in relationship role. Furthermore, they would like to satisfy their learning needs in caring skills. Studies proved that education program was an effective way to support the family caregivers.

Education program, which provides information about older people depression and caring skills, and preparation for role change, is indicated to provide support to the caregivers.

Research is one of the most appealing fields for trainees in psychiatry and is an essential competency within curricula. Skills gained through research impact on clinical care and can be developed throughout the training of young psychiatrists. Since mobility is growing at different levels within psychiatry, giving rise to new challenges while requiring the exchange of visions and know-how, international collaborative research becomes crucial and should be promoted since the training.

To share the experience of joint work and collaborative research done through joining professional associations, such as the European Federation of Psychiatric Trainees (EFPT) that provide opportunities for participating in research activities and establishing networks with others.

The interest for academic background and investigational activities are essential in psychiatry, being therefore crucial to share and promote discussion on the international research projects done in an international meeting point like this.

Assess the research projects done through time by the EFPT research group with special focus on the most recent ones.

Since 2008 the EFPT started a research group with the aim of facilitating trainee-led collaborative studies. Over the years, several international research projects on training-related areas have been conducted and published in international peer-reviewed journals.

The research projects done will be briefly presented, showing that trainees can have the possibility to participate in all the phases of the projects as national coordinators and share with other colleagues their research competencies, having the possibility at times to rely on supervision by internationally renowned experts.

Adherence after a coronary event to an aerobic exercise programme greatly improves self confidence, survival and quality of life. Even so, and for reasons largely as yet unexplored, over seventy per cent of survivors of a critical cardiac event fail to adhere to their recovery programme. As a result, there is an avoidable foreshortening and reduced quality of life.

This research looks at reasons why engagement and adherence to a cardiorehab programme is so poor even when longer-term survival from a coronary event and quality of remaining life is at stake.

To explore fatalistic self-beliefs that are activated by a life-threatening event and that interfere with life-enhancing and life-lengthening intervention strategies that can be put in place.

The primary instruments were ISA (Identity Structure Analysis) and mini-COPE, placed within an ADKAR (Awareness, Desire, Knowledge, Ability, Reinforcement) framework of self-management.

All subjects, independent of engagement and clinical outcome, achieved comparable scores in awareness, desire and knowledge about their conditions. Subjects who adhered least well to cardiorehabilitation programmes were stuck in identity states of moratorium or foreclosure. These results are looked at in detail to demostrate the heuristic value of ISA for psychosomatic medicine.

Blanket education programmes for subjects in recovery from a coronary event are mostly ineffectual unless the structural pressures of self-beliefs that contribute to self-handicapping are adequately addressed.

Suicide rates are high for older persons worldwide. However, no literature could be found on young-old people’s opinions about elderly suicide and the beliefs/expectations that protect them from attempting suicide.

To explore opinions about elderly suicide among community-dwelling young-old people in Taiwan and their reasons for not killing themselves.

A qualitative descriptive design was used. Young-old (65–74 years old) outpatients were recruited by convenience from two randomly selected medical centers in northern Taiwan if they had never expressed suicidal ideas and had no severe cognitive deficit. Data were collected in individual interviews and analysed by content analysis.

Among 31 participating young-old people, most participants (87.1%) had heard of elderly suicide. Their opinions about elderly suicide reflected negative emotional reactions (32.3%), judgmental attitudes (32.3%), could happen after losing the meaning of life (9.7%), and expectations of social welfare (9.7%). Reasons for not killing themselves fell into six major themes: living well (32.3%), suicide cannot resolve problems (22.6%), fear of humiliating their children (16.1%), religious beliefs (12.9%), never thought about suicide (12.9%), and living in harmony with nature (12.9%).

Among the factors that prevented participants from killing themselves, perceptions of living well and of children’s filial behavior, as well as rational thinking could be adjusted. These factors can be addressed and improved by healthcare providers and policy makers to prevent suicide among the young-old. Our findings may also serve as a reference for geriatric researchers in western countries with increasing numbers of elderly ethnic minority immigrants.

Substance abuse during pregnancy is one of the most important problems in maternal and neonatal health. Being familiar with the risk of poor pregnancy outcome in these individuals may help them to reduce that risk.

The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the effects on Pregnancy outcome of substance abuse during pregnancy.

The study was conducted as a historical cohort study between two groups of pregnant women with or without substance abuse. Both groups were Iranian housewives, with the same socio economical status, singleton and without any known medical systemic disorder.

1268 women were evaluated in total. 317 women were drug abusers and 951 women were not. The woman in both groups had no significant differences according to neonates’ gender, gestational age, pregnancy-induced hypertension, intra uterine fetal death (IUFD), and ruptured membranes. Maternal age (P = 0.000), maternal weight (P = 0.000), neonatal weight (P = 0.000) were found to be lower in drug abusers. History of previous abortion (p = 0.000) and gravidity (P = 0.000) were higher in drug abusers. Also cesarean delivery [(P = 0.049, RR=1.1 (1.02–1.12)], placental abruption [(P = 0.000, RR=2.7 (1.8–4.1)], meconium passage [P = 0.000, RR=2.6 (2.3–2.8)], neonatal weight of less than 2500 gram [P = 0.000, RR=1.9 (1.8–2)], Apgar score of less than 7 in minute 5 [P = 0.001, RR=1.7 (1.5–1.7)], NICU admission [P = 0.000, RR=3.7 (3.5–3.8)] and neonatal death [P = 0.009, RR= 2.1 (1.8–2.5)] were all higher in drug abusers.

Substance abuse causes poor outcomes in pregnancy, and with control, patients may improve these poor conditions.

In the past two decades sexual offences against minors in Lithuania increaed dramatically (from 45 cases in 1994 up to 344 in 2010, 3151 in total, of which only 25% had been directed to psychiatric examination. In our judicial practice neither pedophily nor any sexual disorder is considered to substantiate perpetrator's insanity.The aim of research: to establish some mental peculiarities of sexual offenders against minors, their personality traits and reasons of sexual encroachment.

We compiled a special questionnaire to analize all 787 psychiatric and psychological examinations completed in 1994–2010 in cases of sexual offences against minors.

The offender in these cases is likely to be a single male of 20–30 years, below secondary education, unemployed, w/o criminal history, having contacted psychiatrist due to mental retardation, personality or behavior disorder. Mental disorder was previously diagnosed in 41% (+ 20% added during the examination, mostly with personality/behavior disorders and abating neurotic/affective/stress disorders and mental retardation). Among those recommended for insanity (N=61) 49% made disorders of schizophrenia spectrum. Only 11% of the total had owned the perpetration and gave their motives.

1. Pedophilia was diagnosed in 1,3% of the sample, revealing no specific personality traits except of more notableindependence.

2. Sexual offences against minors are perpetrated equally by pedophiles, people with other mental problems and the mentallysound, so prevention and education are indispensible while serving the punishment and afterwards.

3. Preventive measures and sexual education should be addressed to violence and child abuse in family.

Many studies have shown that also cognitive stimulation in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease improves language processing and (other) cognitive functions. It is no longer the question of whether cognitive stimulation helps rather what kind of cognitive stimulation helps more than others.

42 subjects with mild Alzheimer's disease underwent clinical and cognitive evaluation and participated in a sixmonth study with two experimental groups and a control group. Experimental group 1 participated in, client-centered’ global cognitive stimulation, focused on the self as the highest executive authority. Experimental group 2 participated in a cognitive training program, focusing on the representation of complex context correlations in the working memory. The waiting group received only drug treatment.

Results confirmed previous investigation; in both experimental groups increases the cognitive status (MMSE). In looking at the single functional areas only, client-centered’ stimulation improves

• (1) language processing and

• (2) (other) cognitive functions and increases

• (3) ADL/IADL performance and

• (4) the subjective quality of life.

The cognitive training of working memory improves only ADL/IADL performance (more than cognitive stimulation) and stabilizes the level of performance in the three other functional areas. The waiting group is characterized by large declines in performance in all four functional areas.

Is there any difference in deaths and frecquency of different somatic diagnosis after the use of second generation antipsychotic drugs?

Using different databases of diagnos F20(schizophrenia),contact with health care system in Southwest part of Sweden(1,7 million inhabitants) Using antipsychotic drugs. By comparing Fist Generation antipsychotic drugs (FGA) with the Second Generation Antipsychotic drugs (SGA) about death, costs, the frecquency of diagnosis of different diseases mlike diabetes,stroke,coronary heart disease and hypertension.

Identify the effects in different pharmacological treatments in Sweden.

Indivuals with the diagnos F20 can be identified by the civic registration number in the batabase for health care contacts, death register, drug costs from the Swedish Board of Health andWelfare for the different used drugs and data from The national Insurance about absenteism were merged in a computer file. The data were coded so no one could identifie any individual.We used the costs for open care and DRG for the different hospitals to count the costs for the health care of the patients. We studied the patients july 2005 -.decembre 2009.

We studied the data of 4593 individuals with the ICD-10 diagnosis F20 -The death rate was 2,4 higher than in the total population.-not lower with drug treatment than without. The total cost varied between in euro 2700-4000.The higher cost is for SGA No difference in hospital costs between the two types of antipsychotic drugs. About the concomitant disorders Aripiprazol had a tendency have lower freguency.SGA has lower deaths.

Advantages with SGA.

Patients with schizophrenia seem to have a higher mortality and a lower life expectancy compared to the general population.

To estimate the rate of mortality at a psychiatric hospital and to identify the causes and risk factors of these deaths.

A retrospective study was conducted based on the medical records of patients who had died during the time period from January 2007 to March 2012 at the 250-bed Psychiatric Hospital of Tripolis in Greece.

A total of 39 deaths were recorded (mean annual mortality: 1.7 per 1000 inpatients). Patients were predominantly male (67%), mean age 64 years, most of them farmers (41%), with low educational level (69%) and mainly unmarried (72%). Medical co-morbidity was observed in 74% of the cases, mainly hypertension, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. In 59% hospitalization was made after a court order. Thirty two patients were diagnosed with schizophrenia, mainly of the paranoid form (77%). Haloperidol was the most prescribed antipsychotic drug (62%). The main causes of mortality were respiratory and cardiovascular diseases (each 59%). Six of the occurred deaths could not be determined, but autopsy classified them as natural cause of death.

Low rate of mortality, no clear forensic responsibility and high rates of medical co-morbidities in schizophrenia patients were observed in this study. The implementation of medical screening and prevention programs of serious health problems should be a high priority in psychiatric hospitals in order to improve quality of life and extend life expectancy in mentally ill adults.

Perfectionism is the irrational belief that people have towards their surroundings. Depression is one of the outputs of extreme perfectionism.

To evaluate the correlation between depression and perfectionism.

This study aimed to determine the relationship between depression and perfectionism in students of Ilam University of medical sciences.

200 individual of students of Ilam University of Medical Sciences, during a descriptive-analytical study with classified sampling were studied. Collecting data was conducted by use the Frost Perfectionism Multidimensional Scale (FMPS) and Beck Depression Inventory. Reliability of questionnaire with 87% Alpha coefficient was confirmed. FMPS questionnaire have a 6 domains. Collected data using SPSS18 software and the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis test were analyzed.

No significant relationship was found between gender, major, semester and faculty with depression score, while there was a significant relationship between sex with some perfectionism domains (p< 0.01). There was a significant correlation between depression with parental criticism (p=0.05, r = 0.134) and Concern Over Mistakes (P = 0.004, r = 0.201).

Depression was significantly correlated to some domains of perfectionism.

Disturbances in exciting and inhibiting functions in brain can induce high nerve excitation laid down in basis of high risk of alcoholism. Alcoholism is associated with abnormal levels of certain neuroactive steroids: progesterone (PG) and cortisol (CS), more severe in different ethnic groups. Drugs that normalize levels of neurosteroid hormones (NS) are perspective in treating of alcohol abstinent patients.

Clinical evaluation of state of patients was conducted with clinical-psychopathological and clinical-dynamic method. RIA kits from blood serum in examined persons measured assay of cortisol and progesterone before and after treatment with Galogif.

Alterations levels of NS in alcoholic patients suggest the abruption regulation of NS as one of the mechanisms of development of compulsive craving for alcohol. Comparative study of NS levels in blood serum of alcoholic patients showed significant decrease the level of PG, compared with healthy donors; investigations levels of CS showed significant increase of alcoholic patients. Using original anticonvulsant Galodif (meta-chlor-benzhydrylurea) during 21 days in dose 300 mg day in alcoholic patients cased induced reduction of symptoms, specific for AWS. Dynamic reduction of total scores of Hamilton scales (anxiety and depressive disorder) was quicker in investigative patients. Galodif decreased level of CS on 138% and increased level of PG on 160%, making it means like in healthy donors from control group.

Drugs, that normalize levels of NS, modulating function of GABAARs, are perspective and may constitute new approaches in psychopharmacotherapy of alcohol craving and prevention of relapses in alcoholic persons.

Neurobics for student are mental exercises, brain teasers and puzzles those purport to enhance the brain's performance. Children's Non-routine activities and thoughts produce more chemicals of the neurobiology system of body that encourage growth of new dendrites and neurons in the brain and stimulate the brain.

• To develop the neurobics skills training program for optimal performance in cognition and gross motor and fine motor functions.

• To analyze the factors influences neurobics and effect on cognition.

• To examine the factors influences neurobics and gross motor and fine motor functions.

To develop the neurobics skills training program for student to stimulate the brain. Examined the factors influences neurobics and effect on cognition and highlight the benefits of neurobics on student's overall development.

The Researcher has been used before and after experimental and control group design for the study. Independent variable was neurobic and dependent variables were student's cognition, gross motor and fine motor functions. The sample were 140 students and 70 in each group 70+70 of III rd and IV th std. Various kinds of experiment and activities had been used for measure gross motor and fine motor function. Effect of neurobics had been evaluated by behavioral performance.

Statistic data has been analyzed by mean, SD, ‘t’ test. Results showed that neurobics of student increased performance for cognition and other areas of intelligence.

Neurobics positively influence on students cognition and functional skills. Cognitive abilities can be maintained or improved by neurobic exercise.

Alcohol consumption is a part of the aboriginal culture. It was found that is a predominant health problem in aboriginal community. There was little research describing whether gender differences in harmful drinking and adverse drinking consequence among aborigines. Thus, it is important to evaluate such differences in order to provide evidence for developing interventions in problem drinking.

The aim of the study is to examine the gender differences in the prevalence, correlates, and adverse drinking consequences among harmful alcohol users in Taiwanese aborigines.

A cross-sectional survey was conducted. 449 study participants, aged 18-60, were recruited into the study from community-dwelling aborigines in southern Taiwan. Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) was used to collect information regarding harmful alcohol drinking. Personal characteristics, related risk factors and adverse drinking consequences were assessed by questionnaire.

The result revealed that the prevalence of harmful drinking in male users was 71.6%, female users were 49.2%. The results showed that female harmful alcohol users were more likely to have poor mental health, 58% of them with suicidal ideation, 50% with depression, more inactive in religious practice, and unemployed. It was also found that more than half of the male harmful alcohol users have adverse drinking consequence, including accidental injury, quarreled with others, and unable to work.

Harmful drinking was a predominant health problem in aborigines. This finding suggested that depression and suicidal ideation should be routinely evaluated for female harmful alcohol users by the professional of primary care.

In this study, we aimed to identify protein molecules in the hypothalamus in the female rats injected exogenous androgen before sexual differentiation.

Neonatal female SD rats were randomly divided into two groups: experimental group and control female group. Four neonatal male SD rats were control male group. All animals were subjected to intraperitoneal injection of testosterone propionate as experimental group or aseptic oil as control. The rats were sacrificed 90 days after the injection and the brains were collected. 2-DE were performed in order to establish profiles of proteome from rat hypothalamus and followed by MALDITOF- TOF mass spectrometry was used to identify proteins differentially expressed in rat hypothalamus from experimental group as compared to normal control group.

11 differential spots were cut off from the Silver stained gel, and 9 of the spots were identified, which were Dihydropyrimidinase-like 3 (DPYSL3), heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K(hnRNP K), Profilin2, Triosephosphate isomerase 1(Tpi 1), Carbonic anhydrase II(CA II), Annexin A3, Protein disulfide isomerase associated 3 (PDIA3), Creatine kinase-B and Secernin 1.

The results of the present study indicate that the development of sexual differentiation may be associated with the alteration in the expression of a large number of cytosolic proteins in the hypothalamus.