Fertility and fecundity are usually considered signs of social and emotional well-being. Bipolar disorder (BD) is a prevalent psychiatric disease that influences the individual's life style and behaviours. Some studies have addressed the issue of fecundity among women with bipolar disorder but few have focused on determining the differences between disease subtypes, which is expected, taking into account the studied differences in demographic measures.

To examine the fecundity of a population of women with bipolar disorder.

The aim of this study is to compare the fecundity among women diagnosed with subtypes I to IV of BD, according to Akiskal's bipolar spectrum disorder classification.

A total of 108 female outpatients were divided into four groups. We analyzed number of offspring and demographic features between patients with different subtypes of BD using multivariate analyses.

Our results showed a significantly higher average number of children for BD IV patients when compared with BD I patients. Although not reaching statistical significance, BD I patients had less offspring than BD II and BD III patients. BD I patients had lower marriage rates compared to the other groups.

Our results suggest that the subtype of bipolar disorder influences fecundity and behaviours, as is expressed by the lower number of marriages seen in BD I patients. We found that fecundity is significantly impaired among BD I patients, which may imply that female with more severe disorders are less likely to become parents. Fecundity is higher among BD IV patients, which makes a way to speculate about the adaptive role of hyperthimic temperamental traits.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

The symptoms and behavior of children with ADHD impose demands and difficulties on part of their caring parents, which may cause the latter group to suffer psychological stress.

The study of the suffering and symptomatic expression of psychological stress in parents of children with ADHD.

To study type and severity of symptoms in children with ADHD and the effect of that on the stress response of their parents.

Thirty-seven children with ADHD diagnosed clinically and with Conner's Test were studied using Child Behavior Chick List (CBCL). Available parents for each child were interviewed and studied with Symptom Chick List 90 Revised (SCL90R). Two control groups were used for both ADHD children and their parents.

The mean age of the children with ADHD was 7.1 ± 1.6, they were 22 males and 15 females. Parents of these children scored highly on total and subscales of SCL90R, they were significantly higher than their control group on total and some of these subscales including somatization, interpersonal, depression, paranoid ideation and hostility domains. Depression and paranoid ideation of ADHD children parents were positively and significantly correlated with most of the sub-items of Conner's test of their children. In addition, somatization, depression and hostility of parents were positively and significantly correlated with most of the sub-items of CBCL of their ADHD children.

The symptoms, behavior and severity of illness of children with ADHD have a great impact on their parents’ psychological state of suffering and stress.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Institutionalized children and adolescents who reside in foster centres are a subgroup of population that use mental health resources. This group of population has an increased risk of physical and psychopathology health problems. That translates into a greater number of emergency visits. This is the same perception presented by different professionals.

The aim of the study is to analyse visits to emergency child and adolescent psychiatry service from a pediatric hospital. Also ask for a point of view of the professionals about it.

We select all the patients attended the emergency psychiatry child and adolescent care that were institutionalized. The sample was collected for 4 months in a pediatric hospital.

n = 66 (51.5% male; mean age 14.09 ± 1.95 years old), 31.8% was the first time at the emergency room, 31.8% had consulted between 2–4 times and 36.4% over 4 times. The main reason for consultation was aggressiveness (66.7%). The three main discharge diagnoses were conduct disorder (50%), adjustment disorder (25.7%) and TDAH (7.5%) The 45.5% had a history of drug use and the 24.2% of self-harm. Asking professionals 80% responded perception of increased emergency consultations and the 90% think inadequate value between 50–70% of queries.

The boys institutionalized perform a high use of paediatric and psychiatric emergencies. There are a significant number of re-consultations. Professionals have the perception that their emergency visits are increasing. Since patients are at high risk of suffering mental disorders and high use of emergency would be interesting to develop specific protocols for emergency care for these groups.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

The quality of adult–infant attachment plays an essential role in influencing the children's well-being (Groh et al., 2012). Disruptive Behavior Disorders (DBD) has been found as particularly influenced by the presence of unavailability in the parental caregiving. It is widely attested that parents’ attachment states of mind predict the attachment patterns of their children. Nonetheless, the investigation of the attachment organization during the middle childhood shows inconsistent data. Moreover, a paucity of studies focused on the role of father's attachment in this period still remains.

This pilot study investigates the attachment patterns of children with DBD and those of their parents.

The aims are to verify the presence of: (1) an over-representation of Disorganized attachment in these children; (2) an over-representation of Irresolution with respect to abuse or loss in one or both their parents.

The sample consists of 33 subjects: n = 11 children with DBD and n = 22 parents. The children completed the Child Attachment Interview (Shmueli-Goetz et al., 2000) and the parents completed the Adult Attachment Interview (George et al., 1985).

Findings showed: (1) a significant presence of Disorganized attachment with respect to both parents in the children; (2) an over-representation of Insecure states of mind in their parents; (3) a more significant presence of Disorganization in the fathers than in the mothers.

This focus on the topic of intergenerational transmission of attachment in a specific clinical sample enriches the research, underlining the more pronounced role of fathers’ attachment configuration.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Emotion regulation (ER) is defined as the processes through which emotional awareness and experience are monitored, evaluated, maintained, and modified (Thompson, 1994). Difficulties with these processes have been proposed to increase risk for psychopathology. Disruptive behavior disorders (DBD) and somatic symptoms disorders (SSD) are characterized by an inability to express and modulate emotional states. Research aims to understand how ER influences mental health.

We focus on two strategy of ER: Cognitive Reappraisal, involves changing the way one thinks about a situation in order to change its emotional impact; Expressive Suppression involves suppressing or hiding external expressions of emotion from others (John and Gross, 2004)

We assess ER in order to examine the relation with SSD and DBD in childhood and with their parents.

The sample consists of 188 subjects divided in four groups: n = 41 children with DBD (M = 10.78 years, SD = 2.11); n = 50 parents (36 mothers and 14 fathers) of children with DBD; n = 44 children with SSD (M = 11.98 years, SD = 2.04); n = 53 parents (40 mothers and 11 fathers) of children with SSD. Were administered the ERQ (Balzarotti et al., 2010) for parents and ERQ-CA (Gullone and Taffe, 2012) for children.

DBD children reported higher levels of Suppression than SSD subjects; high levels of Suppression were reported in mother SSD and in father DBD.

This study extended previous research in childhood, including both mothers and fathers. The findings contribute to a greater understanding of the development of ER, which has important implications for psychological wellbeing.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Cognitive deficits (executive functions, verbal and spatial learning and memory, visual processing and attention) are a fundamental trait of schizophrenia.

The main objective of this study is to compare the cognitive functioning in psychotic adolescents at the psychosis onset and after one year, using psychological tests.

This is a longitudinal study, during a period of two years and a half. Twenty-eight patients with first psychotic episode agreed to participate to this study and were assessed during their hospitalization in a university clinic for child and adolescent psychiatry in Cluj-Napoca, Romania. The diagnosis was based on DSM-IV criteria. All the patients were initially assessed for intelligence level using Raven Test and those with mental retardation were excluded. After one year, sixteen adolescents from the initial group were reassessed. The cognitive functioning was assessed with Trail Making A and B, verbal fluency tasks, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test and Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test. The results from patients group were compared with those from healthy controls.

The results show weaker global cognitive performance from adolescents with early onset psychosis, initially and at one-year evaluation, than the healthy adolescents from the control group.

This results are consistent with those of previous studies. The adolescents with early onset psychosis show multiple cognitive impairments initially and one year after the psychosis onset.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder (ADHD) is the most frequent psychiatric disorder present in childhood, and sleep-problems are a prominent, pervasive and clinically important feature of ADHD. Our understanding of whether sleep-problems mimic or exacerbate daytime ADHD-symptom expression remains insufficient. Furthermore we lack knowledge about the connection between objective measuring and subjective observations in children with early symptoms of ADHD.

Future research that examines sleep-problems and daily activity in very young children with and without ADHD-like symptoms might help us identify early risk factors and achieve a better understanding of the importance of sleep in ADHD.

To investigate if sleep-problems and activity level during day time is associated with early signs of ADHD.

A sample of 50 preschool children ages 2–3 and their parents recruited in a birth cohort are invited to participate and divided into two groups of 25 cases and 25 controls based on ADHD-symptom score. An actigraph on the child's non-dominant wrist measures sleep and daily activity. Sleep-latency, total sleep time and awakenings are examined. Moderate-to-vigorous-activity (MVPA) is the measure for daily activity. Subjective observations from parents are provided through questionnaires. Furthermore we examine the stability of the sleep problem score from child behavior checklist, which parents fulfilled when their child was 27 months old and again at the age of 5.

The results will be presented at the EPA March 2016 in Madrid.

Results from this study together with other findings of risk factors in the cohort may lead to a preschool ADHD risk-index, which can guide future early intervention.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

As used style Troubleshooting reduces test anxiety, the tendency of these two variables is negative (P = 0.01). Implement the style Relating to others it will decrease test anxiety, the tendency of both variables is negative and statistically significant (P > 0.05). Stress in young people increases as gets underway unproductive type (P = 0.00). The results are consistent with the literature that suggests that late adolescents in academic challenges cause such hardship (Marote et Martínez, 2001).

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

So far, autism etiology is not known yet, it is believed that is due a combination of neurobiological, structural, genetic and environmental factors. This disorder is characterized by social interaction and communication impairments and presence of restricted and repetitive behaviors. Some authors have spoken about Sensorial Perception Theory that tries to explain how sensorial impairment of people with autism causes “strange” conducts, as a protective mechanism to stimuli they perceive as disturbing.

To highlight the role of sensorial perception in people with autism in their way of interacting over the environment.

systematic review of the literature in English (PubMed), with the following keywords: “Autism”, “sensory perception”, and “Asperger syndrome”.

According to Sensorial Perception Theory, people with autism perceive sensorial information from environment in different ways. It is believed that each sense operates as a hyper or hyposensitive sense, according to the intensity and the moment the stimulus is produced. This fact provokes “abnormal” responses as repetitive or restricted behavior, in order to protect themselves form the disturbing stimuli.

Sensorial hyper o hyposensitive may be related to the strange behavior that can be present in people with autism. If we could interpret such conducts, we will be able to imagine how patients are perceiving the world and then we could help them to develop strategies in order to function more properly.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

The professionals in charge of children and adolescents with attention deficit disorder and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) should be prepared to treat a wide variety of psychiatric symptoms, as most have at least one comorbid psychiatric disorder.

Sometimes the differential diagnosis between ADHD and bipolar disease is difficult because of overlapping symptoms between the two disorders (Geller et al., 1997; Biederman et al., 2000; Singh et al., 2006).

A literature review about the comorbidity between ADHD and bipolar disorder in children and adolescents was performed.

According to different studies, between 60 and 90% of children and adolescents with ADHD have comorbid bipolar disorder. However, the percentage of children and adolescents with ADHD that has comorbid bipolar disorder varied from 10 to 22% (puedes poner from 60 to 90% si no quieres repetir el and).

The prevalence of bipolar disease, particularly among adolescents, is between 1 and 7%. This percentage is higher if all forms of bipolar spectrum are included. Some personal and family factors increase the probability of a patient having ADHD present bipolar disease: decreased IQ, delayed development, family history of ADHD or bipolar disease, and the combined subtype.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Cerebral Palsy is a movement, posture or muscle toning disorder caused by an insult to the immature, developing brain, most often before birth. It is a leading cause for serious disabilities in childhood and a risk factor for the development of psychiatric disorders, particularly in adolescents. Moreover, according to DSM-5, a Brief psychotic disorder is a short-term illness with psychotic symptoms, which arise suddenly, but last for less than one month, after which the person recovers completely.

The authors aim to present a case of an adolescent with cerebral palsy who has developed secondary psychotic symptoms, a rare and sparsely understood phenomenon.

A non-systematic review of English scientific literature was conducted through research in the PubMed search engine, using the keywords “Cerebral Palsy” and “Brief Psychotic Disorder”.

A 16-year-old female adolescent with history of Cerebral Palsy (due to neonatal anoxia) was admitted in the paediatric ward due to behaviour disorder characterized by incoherent speech, full insomnia, agitation and auto/alo-aggression. A complete clinical investigation was performed, in which trauma, organic brain injury, degenerative and inflammatory diseases, infection or toxic ingestion were all excluded. The hypothesis of an acute psychotic disorder was considered and after antipsychotic treatment, a total remission of the symptoms was obtained.

Although rare, the association between cerebral palsy and psychotic disorders should be considered in the diagnostic investigation of behavioural changes. Early identification allows a proper therapeutic intervention and a better quality of life.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Psychiatric disorders in epilepsy have a multifactorial etiology, being pharmacotherapy only one of many risk factors, which can be both biological and psychosocial. The adverse effects of antiepileptics (AEDs) embrace all categories of psychiatric symptomatology, including disturbances of consciousness, psychotic state, neurotic state, behaviour and character disorder. In fact, Psychotropic effects of AEDs require further research because many relevant parameters related to pathological mechanisms, frequency, psychopathology, and prognosis are not well understood.

The authors aim to present a case of an adolescent with epilepsy who has developed secondary psychiatric symptoms.

To understand and deal with the most common Psychiatric side effects of AEDs.

A non-systematic review of English scientific literature was conducted using keywords “Epilepsy” and “antiepileptic side effects”.

A 14-year-old female adolescent with history of seven years of Epilepsy (usual medication: carabamazepine 45 mg/kg/day, Lamotrigine 8 mg/kg/day; pregabaline 8 mg/kg/day) was admitted in the paediatric ward due to behaviour disorder characterized by agitation, anxiety and seizures-like symptoms. A therapeutic adjust was made (Fenetoíne and Levetiracetam). After this medication change, the adolescent presented psychotic symptoms namely auditory and tactile hallucinations. A complete clinical investigation was performed and the hypothesis of drugs side effects was considered. After AEDs reduction, a total remission of the symptoms was obtained.

Psychiatric disorders in epilepsy have a multifactorial etiology and are not yet well understood. Behavioural side-effect profiles of AEDs (both negative and positive effects) should be considered in the choice of the optimal drug for each patient.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Anti-NMDA encephalitis normally appears as a characteristic syndrome with typical symptoms that undergoes with multiphase evolution. However, it sometimes develops atypical symptoms so we must perform a careful differential diagnosis.

To conduct a current review of detection and management of anti-NMDAr encephalitis, and psychiatric manifestations.

Systematic review of the literature in English (PubMed), with the following keywords: “Autoimmune encephalitis”, “psychosis”, and “NMDA receptor”.

We present the case of a 15-year-old boy referred to evaluation for a first psychotic episode. He had no past history of psychiatric illness or substance abuse. The only relevant antecedent is multiple sclerosis in a first degree relative. For the last months, he presented high levels of anxiety symptoms apparently related to college stressful events and fluctuating hypoesthesia of left cranial side. Days later, it appeared autolimited gastrointestinal symptoms, headache and fever. During the next days it appeared psychomotor retardation, choreic movements, suicide ideation and mood-congruent paranoid and nihilistic ideation, auditory and visual hallucinations, perplexity and catatonic symptoms so he was hospitalized. We observed cognitive functions impairment, unsteady gait, dysartria, dysphasia, clonus and left babinsky sign. EEG showed slow waves on right frontal area. CFS showed protein elevation and immunologic study revealed positive anti-NMDA antibodies. Treatment with methylprednisolone and gammaglobuline was started with partial response, needing addition of rituximab.

In this case, we highlight the importance of early detection and a detailed differential diagnosis, to determine whether the etiology of psychiatric symptoms in order to achieve an accurate and early treatment.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

There is currently a resurgence of handwriting difficulties in school-age children. Researches in literature focus on kinematics temporal and spatial measures of letters in the writing process and on clinical performances such as the handwriting scale (BHK). This assessment doesn’t consider the organization and the maturation of the handwriting gesture.

We aim to study the developmental organization of the handwriting gesture to provide developmental standards of reference in order to complete performances measures allowing a better understanding of handwriting disabilities.

Healthy children of elementary school aged between 6 and 11 years old are eligible for inclusion. All children are assessed with neuropsychological and neuropsychomotor evaluations and with handwriting assessment (BHK). Two groups are established, the one with handwriting difficulties and the other one (control group) without writing disorder or learning disabilities. The children were matched for age, gender and school level. All children are filmed with a camera suspended over to observe with specific handwriting tasks, the upper limb gesture about segmental organization of fingers, hand, forearm, arm, shoulder and postural organization.

Preliminary findings show significant differences of the segmental organization of the writing gesture between the two groups. We will discuss the identified causes of the handwriting disorders with the analysis of neuropsychomotor and neurological assessments data in correlation with gesture segmental organization.

Developmental organization of the writing gesture is a possible underlying mechanism of handwriting disabilities. Practically, it appears important to improve news tools of evaluations with gestural writing consideration and to implement it in intervention process.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.