Diplomatic and consular intercourse and privileges — Permanent diplomatic envoys — Privileges and immunities of — Diplomatic envoys and their staff — Doubt whether sending State had ratified Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, 1961 — Waiver of immunity — Privilege of extraterritoriality — The law of Chile

Diplomatic and consular intercourse and privileges — Permanent diplomatic envoys — Privileges and immunities of — Diplomatic envoys and their staff — Immunity from civil jurisdiction — Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, 1961 — Article 31 — Waiver of immunity — Lack of ratification by sending State of Convention — Whether preventing application of Article 31 in receiving State — Whether Article 31 part of customary international law — Reciprocity — Exceptions to immunity — Article 31 (1) (a)–(c) — The law of Chile

International law in general — Nature and binding force — International practice based on comity — Customary international law — Distinction between — Sanctions for non-observance — The law of the Federal Republic of Germany

International law in general — Sources — Customary international law — Conditions for establishment of — Customary international law distinguished from international practice based on comity — The law of the Federal Republic of Germany

International law in general — Relation to municipal law — Customary international law — Whether automatically part of municipal law without legislation — Basic Law of Federal Republic of Germany, Article 25 — Whether merely declaratory — Extent to which rules of customary international law may directly create rights for individuals — The law of the Federal Republic of Germany

International law in general — International comity — International practice based on comity — Sanctions for non — observance of such practice — Whether provision of parking privileges for foreign diplomatic missions a matter of comity — The law of the Federal Republic of Germany

Diplomatic and consular intercourse and privileges — Permanent diplomatic envoys — Privileges and immunities of — Diplomatic envoys and their staff — Ne impediatur legatio — Extent of duty of receiving State — Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, 1961, Articles 25 and 41 — Whether duty to grant parking privileges to diplomatic missions — Whether any rule of customary international law to this effect — State practice based on comity distinguished from customary international law — Sanctions for non-observance — Conditions for establishment of rules of customary international law — Whether customary international law automatically part of municipal law without enactment of legislation — Basic Law of Federal Republic of Germany, Article 25 — Whether merely declaratory — Extent to which rules of customary international law may directly create rights for individuals — The law of the Federal Republic of Germany

Treaties — Interpretation of — Agencies of interpretation — Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations, 1946 — Interpretation on the basis of pronouncements of the European Court of justice on similar provisions contained in the Protocol on the Privileges and Immunities of the European Coal and Steel Community, 1951 — The law of the Netherlands

International organization and administration — International officials — Official of the United Nations — Entitlement to immunity from taxation — Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations, 1946 — The law of the Netherlands

Diplomatic and consular intercourse and privileges — Right of other persons to privileges and immunities — Officials of the United Nations — Entitlement to immunity from municipal taxation — Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations, 1946 — The law of the Netherlands

lntemational organization and administration — Other international organizations and organs of international administration — International Atomic Energy Agency — State representative accredited to Agency — Extent of entitlement to immunity from jurisdiction of municipal courts — Whether immunity limited to acts performed in representative capacity — Agreement on the Privileges and Immunities of the Intemational Atomic Energy Agency, Article V(12) — The law of the Federal Republic of Germany

Diplomatic and consular intercourse and privileges — Right of other persons to privileges and immunities — Representatives sent by or accredited to the United Nations or specialized agencies — Representative of State accredited to International Atomic Energy Agency in Vienna — Whether entitled to immunity from jurisdiction of municipal courts in respect of civil litigation concerning custody of child — Whether entitled to same degree of immunity as diplomatic representative — Whether immunity limited to acts performed in representative capacity — Agreement on the Privileges and Immunities of the International Atomic Energy Agency, 1957 — Article V (12) — The law of the Federal Republic of Germany

International organization and administration — International officials — International Patents Institute — Officials — Entitlement to jurisdictional immunity — Exchange of Notes between the Dutch Ministry for Foreign Affairs and the International Patents Institute, 1950 — Whether immunity extends to private affairs of officials — Waiver — Authority of director of Institute — The law of the Netherlands

Diplomatic and consular intercourse and privileges — Right of other persons to privileges and immunities — Officials of international organizations — International Patents Institute — Officials — Entitlement to jurisdictional immunity — Exchange of Notes between the Dutch Ministry for Foreign Affairs and the International Patents Institute, 1950 — Whether immunity extends to private affairs of officials — Waiver — Authority of director of Institute — The law of the Netherlands

International organization and administration — International officials — Hague Conference on Private International Law — Officials — Entitlement to immunity from taxation — Agreement concerning the Privileges and Immunities of the Organs of the Conference, 1959 — The law of the Netherlands

Diplomatic and consular intercourse and privileges — Right of other persons to privileges and immunities — Officials of international organizations — Hague Conference on Private International Law — Officials — Entitlement to immunity from taxation — Agreement concerning the Privileges and Immunities of the Organs of the Conference, 1959 — The law of the Netherlands

International organization and administration — International officials — North Atlantic Treaty Organization (“NATO”) — Officials — Entitlement to immunity from taxation — Agreement on the Status of NATO, National Representatives and International Staff, 1951 — The law of the Netherlands

Diplomatic and consular intercourse and privileges — Right of other persons to privileges and immunities — North Atlantic Treaty Organization — Officials — Entitlement to immunity from taxation — Agreement on the Status of NATO, National Representatives and International Staff, 1951 — The law of the Netherlands

International organization and administration — International officials — European Organization for Astronomical Research in the Southem Hemisphere (“ESO”) — Employee — Entitlement to immunity from taxation — Agreement between Chile and the ESO, 1963 — The law of the Netherlands

Diplomatic and consular intercourse and privileges — Right of other persons to privileges and immunities — Officials of international organizations — European Organization for Astronomical Research in the Southern Hemisphere (“ESO”) — Employee — Entitlement to immunity from taxation — Agreement between Chile and the ESO, 1963 — The law of the Netherlands

Treaties — Conclusion and operation of — Ratification of treaties — Application of treaty not yet ratified — Convention on the Law Applicable to the International Sale of Goods, 1955 — The law of the Netherlands

International law in general — Relation to municipal law — International treaty provisions — Whether doctrine of immediate applicability under municipal law applies only to rules of customary international law or also to treaties — Basic Law of Federal Republic of Germany, Article 25 — Requirement of transformation into municipal law by legislation — Extent to which transformation governed by municipal law or international law — Duty of State to enact municipal law required for enforcement of treaty provisions — Effect of continued application of municipal law contrary to treaty — The law of the Federal Republic of Germany

States as international persons — In general — Recognition of acts of foreign States and governments — Judgment of foreign court Forfeiture of patent rights under foreign law in conflict with international treaty — Forfeiture constituting expropriation without compensation — Whether municipal courts empowered to give effect to such a judgment — The law of the Federal Republic of Germany

Jurisdiction — In general — Territorial — Territorial limits of jurisdiction — Expropriation of property by foreign State — Whether general rule of international law requiring effect of such measure to be limited to territory of State where measure taken — The law of the Federal Republic of Germany

Treaties — Conclusion and operation of — Operation and enforcement — Necessity for municipal legislation — Whether doctrine of immediate applicability under municipal law applies only to rules of customary international law or also to treaties — Basic Law of Federal Republic of Germany, Article 25 — Requirement of transformation into municipal law by legislation — Extent to which transformation governed by municipal constitutional law or international law — Duty of State to enact municipal enabling legislation — Effect of continued application of municipal law contrary to treaty — Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property, 1934, Article 5 — Judgment of foreign court ordering forfeiture of patent rights contrary to Convention — Whether municipal courts empowered to give effect to such judgment — Forfeiture constituting expropriation without compensation — Whether general rule of international law requiring effect of such measure to be limited to territory of State where measure taken — The law of the Federal Republic of Germany

Treaties — Conclusion and operation — Effect of treaties on third parties — Convention on the Contract for the International Carriage of Goods by Road (CMR), 1956 — Whether directly applicable under municipal law — Whether creating rights and duties for nationals of third States subject to the jurisdiction of a contracting party — The law of the Netherlands

Treaties — Conclusion and operation of — Effect of municipal legislation — Whether municipal legislation can elaborate upon an existing treaty — Netherlands-Germany Extradition Treaty, 1896 — The law of the Netherlands

Treaties — Conclusion and operation of — Effect of municipal legislation — Exercise of discretionary powers by minister — Challenge to legality of action — Justification on basis of provision of international convention — Geneva Convention on Road Traffic, 1949 — The law of France

Treaties — Termination of — By act of party — Unilateral denunciation — Indonesia-Netherlands Round Table Conference Agreements and Union Statute, 1949 — Denunciation by Indonesia — Acquiescence by the Netherlands — Termination by desuetude — The law of the Netherlands

Treaties — Interpretation of — Principles and rules of interpretation — Methods of interpretation customary in international law — Draft Articles on Treaty Law of the International Law Commission, 1966 — Article 27(3)(c) — Netherlands-Belgium Execution Treaty, 1925 — The law of the Netherlands

Treaties — Interpretation of — Principles and rules of interpretation — Parliamentary history of municipal law of approval as guide to interpretation — Netherlands-Indonesia Agreement concerning the Transfer by Indonesia to the Netherlands of Claims against Netherlands Nationals, 1954 — The law of the Netherlands

Treaties — Interpretation of — Principles and rules of interpretation — Interpretation by reference to drafting history and tenor of Convention — Brussels Convention relating to the Limitation of the Liability of Owners of Sea-going Ships, 1957 — Gold franc conversion rate — Official parity or free market rate — The law of the Netherlands

Treaties — Conclusion and operation of — Reservations — American Convention on Human Rights, 1969 — Death penalty — Article 4(2) and 4(4) — Reservation relating to Article 4(4) — Effect of-Whether encompassing Article 4(2) — Advisory opinion of Inter-American Court of Human Rights

Disputes — Other intemational courts — Inter-American Court of Human Rights — Request by Inter-American Commission on Human Rights for advisory opinion — Objections by State party to American Convention on Human Rights to advisory jurisdiction — Existence of a disagreement directly involving State party — Whether necessary for State to have accepted jurisdiction of the Court — Article 62(1) of the Convention — Jurisdictional preconditions applicable to contentious jurisdiction — Whether applicable to advisory jurisdiction — Purpose of — Functions of the Commission — Decision by President of the Court to combine proceedings on jurisdiction and merits — Whether separate proceedings required — Considerations distinguishing contentious jurisdiction from advisory jurisdiction

Treaties — Interpretation of — Principles and rules of interpretation — American Convention on Human Rights, 1969 — Death penalty — Restrictions — Articles 4 (2) and 4 (4) — Literal interpretation — Object and purpose — Reservation relating to Article 4 (4) — Effect of — Whether encompassing Article 4 (2) — Inter-American Court of Human Rights — Request by American Commission on Human Rights for advisory opinion — Objections by State party to advisory jurisdiction — Existence of disagreement directly involving State party — Whether necessary for State party to have accepted jurisdiction of Court — Article 62 (1) of the Convention — Jurisdictional preconditions applicable to contentious jurisdiction — Whether applicable to advisory jurisdiction — Purpose of — Functions of Commission — Decision by President of the Court to combine proceedings on jurisdiction and merits — Whether separate proceedings required — Considerations distinguishing contentious jurisdiction from advisory jurisdiction

Treaties — Interpretation of — Miscellaneous — International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, 1948 — Whether applicable to all vessels on the high seas — Whether Dutch translation to be applied without reference to English text of Regulations themselves — The law of the Netherlands