The following question is proposed by Martino, Tointon, Valiunas and Ventura in [4, question 1·20]:

Let G be a compact group, and suppose that

\[\mathcal{N}_k(G) = \{(x_1,\dots,x_{k+1}) \in G^{k+1} \;|\; [x_1,\dots, x_{k+1}] = 1\}\]

$G^{k+1}$

We give a positive answer for $k = 2$ .

In this paper we study the relativized Lascar Galois group of a strong type. The group is a quasi-compact connected topological group, and if in addition the underlying theory T is G-compact, then the group is compact. We apply compact group theory to obtain model theoretic results in this note. For example, we use the divisibility of the Lascar group of a strong type to show that, in a simple theory, such types have a certain model theoretic property that we call divisible amalgamation. The main result of this paper is that if c is a finite tuple algebraic over a tuple a, the Lascar group of $\operatorname {stp}(ac)$ is abelian, and the underlying theory is G-compact, then the Lascar groups of $\operatorname {stp}(ac)$ and of $\operatorname {stp}(a)$ are isomorphic. To show this, we prove a purely compact group-theoretic result that any compact connected abelian group is isomorphic to its quotient by every finite subgroup. Several (counter)examples arising in connection with the theoretical development of this note are presented as well. For example, we show that, in the main result above, neither the assumption that the Lascar group of $\operatorname {stp}(ac)$ is abelian, nor the assumption of c being finite can be removed.

A right Engel sink of an element g of a group G is a set ${\mathscr R}(g)$ such that for every x ∈ G all sufficiently long commutators $[...[[g,x],x],\dots ,x]$ belong to ${\mathscr R}(g)$. (Thus, g is a right Engel element precisely when we can choose ${\mathscr R}(g)=\{ 1\}$.) It is proved that if every element of a compact (Hausdorff) group G has a countable right Engel sink, then G has a finite normal subgroup N such that G/N is locally nilpotent.

We extend some recent results about bounded invariant equivalence relations and invariant subgroups of definable groups: we show that type-definability and smoothness are equivalent conditions in a wider class of relations than heretofore considered, which includes all the cases for which the equivalence was proved before.

As a by-product, we show some analogous results in purely topological context (without direct use of model theory).

A subset $X$ of a Polish group $G$ is called Haar null if there exist a Borel set $B\,\supset \,X$ and Borel probability measure $\mu$ on $G$ such that $\mu \left( g\,Bh \right)\,=\,0$ for every $g,\,h\,\in \,G$. We prove that there exist a set $X\,\subset \,\text{R}$ that is not Lebesgue null and a Borel probability measure $\mu$ such that $\mu \left( X\,+\,t \right)\,=\,0$ for every $t\,\in \,\text{R}$. This answers a question from David Fremlin’s problem list by showing that one cannot simplify the definition of a Haar null set by leaving out the Borel set $B$. (The answer was already known assuming the Continuum Hypothesis.)

This result motivates the following Baire category analogue. It is consistent with $ZFC$ that there exist an abelian Polish group $G$ and a Cantor set $C\,\subset \,G$ such that for every non-meagre set $X\,\subset \,\text{G}$ there exists a $t\in \text{G}$ such that $C\,\cap \,\left( X\,+\,t \right)$ is relatively non-meagre in $C$. This essentially generalizes results of Bartoszyński and Burke–Miller.

By exploring the relations among functional equations, harmonic analysis and representation theory, we give a unified and very accessible approach to solve three important functional equations — the d'Alembert equation, the Wilson equation, and the d'Alembert long equation — on compact groups.

In the first half of this paper, all the limits of irreducible characters of Gn = 𝔖n(T) as n → ∞ are calculated. The set of all continuous limit functions on G = 𝔖 ∞(T) is exactly equal to the set of all characters of G determined in [HH6]. We give a necessary and sufficient condition for a series of irreducible characters of Gn to have a continuous limit and also such a condition to have a discontinuous limit. In the second half, we study the limits of characters of certain induced representations of Gn which are usually reducible. The limits turn out to be characters of G, and we analyse which of irreducible components are responsible to these limits.

For a compact group G, we compute the Kazhdan constants κ(G, G) obtained by taking G itself as a generating subset. We get κ(G, G) = if G is finite of order n, and κ(G, G) = if G is infinite.

Let p be a prime number, and let F be a free pro-p group of rank two. Consider an automorphism α of F of finite order m, and let FixF(α) = {x ∈ F | α(x) = x} be the subgroup of F consisting of the elements fixed by α. It is known that if m is prime to p and α = idF, then the rank of FixF(α) is infinite. In this paper we show that if m is a finite power pr of p, the rank of FixF(α) is at most 2. We conjecture that if the rank of F is n and the order of a is a power of α, then rank (FixF(α)) ≤ n.