Open innovation programmes related to data and artificial intelligence have interested European policy-makers as a means of supporting startups and small and medium-sized enterprises to succeed in the digital economy. We discuss the objectives behind the typical service offerings of such programmes and propose a case for exploring how they align with the motivations of individual companies who are targeted by these initiatives. Using a qualitative analysis of 50 startup applications from the Data Market Services Accelerator programme, we find that applicants wrote most frequently about fundraising, acceleration and data skills. A smaller number of startups expressed interest in services related to standardization or legal guidance on General Data Protection Regulation and intellectual property rights, which are some of the ongoing priority areas for the European Commission. We discuss how the value propositions of these less desired offerings can be amplified by appealing the existing business motivations of data-driven startups.

We analyze the transverse stability for a configuration of multiple Gaussian bunches subject to the self-generated plasma wakefield. Through a semi-analytical approach we first study the equilibrium configuration for the modulated beam and then we investigate the evolution of the equilibrium configuration due to the emittance-driven expansion of the beam front that results in a rigid backward shift. The rear-directed shift brings the modulated beam out of the equilibrium, with the possibility for some of the bunch particles to be lost with a consequent deterioration of the driver. We look therefore for the proper position of the single bunches that maximize the stability without severely affecting the accelerating field behind the driver. We then compare the results with three-dimensional particle in cell simulations.

We discuss the development, verification, and performance of a GPU accelerated discontinuous Galerkin method for the solutions of two dimensional nonlinear shallow water equations. The shallow water equations are hyperbolic partial differential equations and are widely used in the simulation of tsunami wave propagations. Our algorithms are tailored to take advantage of the single instruction multiple data (SIMD) architecture of graphic processing units. The time integration is accelerated by local time stepping based on a multi-rate Adams-Bashforthscheme. A total variational bounded limiter is adopted for nonlinear stability of the numerical scheme. This limiter is coupled with a mass and momentum conserving positivity preserving limiter for the special treatment of a dry or partially wet element in the triangulation. Accuracy, robustness and performance are demonstrated with the aid of test cases. Furthermore, we developed a unified multi-threading model OCCA. The kernels expressed in OCCA model can be cross-compiled with multi-threading models OpenCL, CUDA, and OpenMP. We compare the performance of the OCCA kernels when cross-compiled with these models.

Compressed ion beams are being studied as a driver for inertial confinement fusion energy and for the creation of matter in the high-energy-density regime. In order to facilitate compression of a positive ion charge bunch longitudinally and transversely beyond the limit determined by the space-charge field of the bunch, a source of charge-neutralizing electrons must be provided. Plasma sources have been developed for the NDCX-I and NDCX-II experimental facilities, both for the 2-m-long, field-free drift regions, and for the small-diameter interior of the multi-Tesla final focus solenoid. Barium titanate based cylinders with a high dielectric coefficient are used to line the wall of the 2-m-long drift region and by applying a 9 kV pulse between the inner and outer surfaces of the cylinders, plasma with a density in the 1010 cm−3 range is formed. Results are presented from experiments using this plasma source on NDCX-I. A compact plasma source 5.1 cm long and 3.8 cm in diameter, also made using the barium titanate based material, has been developed for use in the bore of the final focus solenoid. Plasma generated near the wall of the plasma source will follow the fringing magnetic field lines of the solenoid and help to fill the bore of the magnet with plasma. Improved designs for the barium titanate plasma sources are being considered that use different inner-surface electrode materials and structures, and also use a modified electrical driver employing a spark gap crowbar switch. In addition, plasma source designs using so-called flashboard technology have been developed. In the flashboard plasma source, high density plasma is formed when the applied high voltage pulse causes a series of breakdowns between isolated copper patches aligned in rows along the surface of the 0.2 mm thick flashboard.

A detailed study of Wakefield excitation in very dense quantum plasma is presented. Electric and magnetic Wakefields have been obtained for a particular profile of the laser pulse, using perturbative technique involving orders of the incident laser beam. The Wakefields can trap electrons and accelerate them to extremely high energies. It is observed that the quantum effects significantly change the classical nature of the Wakefield. The axial and radial forces acting on a test electron due to the Wakefields have been evaluated.

La responsabilité des références françaises pour la fluence et les grandeurs dosimétriques neutroniques est du ressort du laboratoire de métrologie et de dosimétrie des neutrons de l’Institut de radioprotection et de sûreté nucléaire (IRSN). C’est dans ce cadre, que l’institut développe et exploite, à Cadarache, des installations produisant des champs neutroniques de référence pour des utilisations diverses. Certaines (sources radioactives émettrice neutrons respectant la norme ISO 8529-1) sont utilisées pour effectuer des étalonnages de routine de dispositifs de mesure. D’autres installations produisent des champs neutroniques « réalistes » simulant les champs rencontrés sur les postes de travail en modérant les champs neutroniques générés à partir de sources radioactives ou d’accélérateurs. Enfin, l’installation AMANDE dont l’inauguration a eu lieu en mai 2005 produit des champs de neutrons monoénergétiques d’énergie comprise entre 2 keV et 20 MeV à partir de l’interaction de particules chargées accélérées jusqu’à 4 MeV sur différentes cibles. Avec l’arrivée de cette dernière installation, l’IRSN offre un plateau technique très complet pour la production de tous les types de champ neutronique recommandés par les normes internationales pour l’étalonnage des instruments de détection des neutrons.

L’Institut de radioprotection et de sûreté nucléaire détient les références nationales pour la fluence et les grandeurs dosimétriques neutroniques. Ces références, maintenues et exploitées depuis une dizaine d’années, sont le fruit d’une volonté de développer des installations neutroniques de qualité permettant de caractériser des instruments de radioprotection et de dosimétrie de manière fiable. En effet, que ce soit pour ses propres besoins, du fait de ses activités de recherche et développement d’appareils de mesures en radioprotection ou pour des utilisateurs externes, l’IRSN a développé un ensemble de dispositifs et d’installations permettant de répondre aux recommandations des instances internationales normatives quant aux procédures et aux moyens d’irradiation nécessaires pour caractériser les instruments de radioprotection.

The U.S. Heavy Ion Fusion Virtual National Laboratory is continuing research into ion sources and injectors that simultaneously provide high current (0.5–1.0 A) and high brightness (normalized emittance better than 1.0 π-mm-mr). The central issue of focus is whether to continue pursuing the traditional approach of large surface ionization sources or to adopt a multiaperture approach that transports many smaller “beamlets” separately at low energies before allowing them to merge. For the large surface source concept, the recent commissioning of the 2-MeV injector for the High Current eXperiment has increased our understanding of the beam quality limitations for these sources. We have also improved our techniques for fabricating large diameter aluminosilicate sources to improve lifetime and emission uniformity. For the multiaperture approach, we are continuing to study the feasibility of small surface sources and a RF-induced plasma source in preparation for beamlet merging experiments, while continuing to run computer simulations for better understanding of this alternate concept. Experiments into both architectures will be performed on a newly commissioned ion source test stand at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory called STS-500. This stand test provides a platform for testing a variety of ion sources and accelerating structures with 500-kV, 17-μs pulses. Recent progress in these areas is discussed as well as plans for future experiments.

Significant experimental and theoretical progress has been made in the U.S. heavy ion fusion program on high-current sources, transport, and focusing. Currents over 200 mA have been transported through a matching section and 10 half-lattice periods with electric quadrupoles. An experiment shows control of high-beam current with an aperture, while avoiding secondary electrons. New theory and simulations of the neutralization of intense beam space charge with plasma in various focusing chamber configurations predict that near-emittance-limited beam focal spot sizes can be obtained even with beam perveance (ratio of beam space potential to ion energy) >10× higher than in earlier HIF focusing experiments. Progress in a new focusing experiment with plasma neutralization up to 10−3 perveance, and designs for a next-step experiment to study beam brightness evolution from source to target are described.

Le synchrotron Saturne II, installé sur le site du CEA Saclay fonctionnant depuis 1979 devrait être démantelé dans les prochaines années. Saturne pouvait accélérer des protons, des deutons, des hélions, et desions lourds (jusqu'au Krypton) avec une énergie en protons de 100 à 2 900 MeV. Des calculs avec un code Monte Carlo (FLUKA), couplé à un code de calcul d'activation/évolution (DARWIN/PEPIN) ont été menés pour prédire l'activation dans les protections en béton de l'accélérateur. Les produits d'activation sont en majorité dus à des réactions de capture de type (n, γ), 22 % de l'activation étant due à des neutrons d'énergie supérieure à 20 MeV$\backslash$226type (n,p) ; (n, spallation) etc. Ces calculs ont été comparés à des mesures des émetteurs γ, du 3H, du 45Ca et du 55Fe d'échantillons prélevés par carottage sur des bétons ordinaires (2,35 g cm-3), lourd baryté (3,6 g cm-3) et très lourd riblonné (4,8 g cm-3). Le rapport entre calcul et mesure varie de 1 à 6 suivant le type de béton considéré et la profondeur deprotection. De même, les mesures ont été comparées à d'autres pour des accélérateurs différents (énergie et particules). On montre que l'activation dépend de la charge intégrée sur les cibles de production et de l'énergie des particules notamment pour le profil d'activation en profondeur.