Many renewable energy sources produce electricity, and the fundamental operation of a national alternating current electric power system is described. The difference between real and reactive power is explained. The impact of renewable energy sources on the voltage of the power system is demonstrated through an example and approaches to controlling network voltages are discussed. The control of frequency is described and the importance of maintaining sufficient inertia is highlighted. Scheduling generation in a power system with significant fraction of renewable energy generation is explained. Approaches to demand-side participation and the importance of this concept are discussed. The connection of onshore and offshore wind farms to the power system is discussed. Approaches to the design of PV farms are illustrated. The chapter is supported by 6 examples, 10 questions with answers and full solutions in the accompanying online material. Further reading and online resources are identified.

Defoe was unusual for a man of his time. He was remarkably individualistic in his relationships with others, and his relationships tended to be more transactional and ‘weak’ than those of contemporaries with less expansive, but more intensive, social networks built on ‘strong ties’. In this way, Defoe’s connections were much more modern than was customary for his contemporaries. Defoe was also singular in his energies, his self-confidence, and, of course, his literary talents. Defoe’s relative ‘modernity’ and his personal distinctiveness surely accounts for the enduring interest his writings have held ever since he began to publish, but they also set him apart from his contemporaries, and these qualities (along with his well-known pugnaciousness and love for duplicity) help to explain why he was such a controversial figure in his lifetime.

Genocide has a way of imposing silence. Part of its purpose is to erase history, and human voices. This series of three volumes aims to contribute to breaking the silence that so often follows genocidal outbreaks. These volumes attempt to document and understand this global phenomenon. The term “genocide,” as a way of describing the “practice of extermination of nations and ethnic groups,” was coined in 1943, when Raphael Lemkin (1900-1959) penned the preface to his 1944 book Axis Rule in Occupied Europe. Five years later the United Nations General Assembly unanimously adopted the Genocide Convention. But Lemkin considered genocide to have much older roots. He had set about writing – but did not complete before his death – a three-volume history of genocide from ancient times, in which he argued that the phenomenon had “followed humanity throughout history.”

This chapter provides historical background on Asia, amid talks of an Asian twenty-first century. We show that Asia’s resurgence has been based on models that differ substantively from those of capitalist development in Europe and North America, not least through the heavy reliance on the state. Further, they have had many common features, not least being centred on the pervasive use of connections – familial, commercial and political. We term these networks as the connections world. Whilst this world has been supportive to growth and development, it contains major fallibilities. These include cronyism and its consequences – high inequality and corruption. In addition, the connections world breeds market power which impairs efficiency and innovation. The resulting structure of the economy also holds back the creation of good jobs. Much of the connections world is also associated with autocracy or heavily managed democracies and this introduces risks of instability. As such, the broad model that has helped Asia grow so strongly is less likely to be so supportive in future. Rethinking the connections world will be required – not an easy task given strongly embedded and resilient foundations.

This chapter looks at how Asia’s connections world is configured, highlighting the extraordinarily pervasive nature of ties between business and politics and the networks on which they are based. Most of these relationships are strongly transactional but they also affect how individuals and companies organise themselves. For example, the institutional framework for private companies is often designed to leverage resources and assets, as well as gaining advantage, whether in relation to the regulator or competitors. We use a novel dataset with information on politically-exposed persons and institutions throughout Asia to map the various networks at the level of each country. There are significant differences between countries, mainly resulting from the variation in political systems. The network maps are complemented by detailed cases and examples from across Asia. Whatever the local variation, these webs of connections bind together with common purpose. Leveraging connections for mutual benefit delivers large and enduring benefits that have mostly proven resistant to changes of government or even political regime. Such behaviour also cuts across political systems.

Funerary architecture can profitably be analysed through the lens of connectivity. As material that connected the living and the dead, both at the level of the individual and the community, funerary architecture exhibits the values held to be important in both realms and, like religious architecture, is a vehicle for connecting the tangible and intangible. The characteristics and development of Etruscan funerary architecture have to be studied mainly in their connections with settlements, society, and domestic, religious, and foreign architecture. A case study of rock tombs shows the problems that arise in trying to identify certain forms as either predominantly local or international, and thus effectively signals the limits of analyses of geographical connectivity and the need to go beyond typology in certain cases.

The introduction opens with the claim that essence of Jew hatred is critical to an understanding of the extermination of the Jews. If the Jews were the target of the Nazis’ extermination project, we must ask: Why the Jews? Who are the Jews? What makes them Jews? What, exactly, were the Nazis attempting to annihilate in the extermination of the Jews? If the Event is driven by antisemitism, what is antisemitism anti-? It explains that the investigation is guided by the categories of Jewish thought. It explains the the book begins with Judaism as the key to making connections between antisemitism and the Holocaust. The introduction also states how this book differs from others, and contains a brief summary of each of the chapters.

The insular cortex is an extensively connected brain region that has recently gained considerable interest due to its elusive role in several pathological conditions and its involvement in a variety of functions. Structural connectivity studies have identified connections to the frontal, temporal, and parietal cortices, with both a rostro-caudal and a dorso-ventral organizational pattern. The insula is also widely connected to subcortical structures. The use of diffusion-weighted imaging in insular epilepsy has not yet reached its full potential; however, it may still provide some insights into its pathophysiology, assess long-term consequences, and help prevent operative complications. This chapter explores the insula’s structural connectivity and promising applications in the field of insular epilepsy.

Actor-network theory has always been an inspiring theoretical and methodological source for Routine Dynamics research. Seeing routines as networks of actants and as a consequence rather than a cause of collective action enabled scholars to move away from a priori assumptions about the world and shift their attention to situated performances, multiplicity, and connections-in action. In this chapter, I provide a brief historical account of actor-network theory highlighting some of its central authors and their work before unravelling how Routine Dynamics scholars have appropriated it—ironically, often as an undercover actor that remains invisible at first sight—and conclude by reflecting on how actor-network theory can continue to be of use for and shape Routine Dynamics research.

A strong professional network has many advantages for a beginning teacher. At a personal level, strong professional relationships both in the workplace and online can be an important source of advice and support. By drawing on ideas from outside your own department, staffroom or school through a robust professional learning network (PLN), you are then able to contribute to the exchange of ideas rather than merely benefiting from them. In addition to the benefits to your day-to-day practice, these networks also serve as a form of professional development. Finally, as you begin to establish yourself more firmly in the profession, they can provide connections and opportunities that lead to exciting new projects or employment/promotion opportunities. In this chapter, we look at the various ways in which you can establish yourself as an education professional and foster a strong PLN. The chapter also considers some of the cautionary tales and pitfalls of a poorly managed social media presence and the impact this can have on your teaching career.

Different relational dynamics make relationships evolve within entourages. They are here mainly explored from the Caen panel, whose longitudinal dimension allows it to capture detailed movements over time. The diagram of relational dynamics identified in Chapter 3 is taken up again by detailing the main movements articulating relations, contexts and networks: polyvalence/specialization, singularization/embedding, and connection/dissociation. The ways in which these dynamics appear, their frequency, and their evolution over the time of the relationship, and over biographical time, are highlighted here.

This chapter describes the concept of wasta as it is understood in Syria. It begins by showing that self-perceived wasta is a reliable indicator of whether people objectively have wasta. This is because both self-perceived and objective wasta exist due to a combination of money and connections. It then describes how wasta's meaning has changed over time. After that, it discusses similar concepts that exist in other context, such as guanxi in China. Finally, it discusses how changes in wasta reflect the wartime political order.