Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-m6dg7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T05:40:25.125Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

China–India Studies: Emergence, Development, and State of the Field

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 January 2021

Tansen Sen Open the ORCID record for Tansen Sen [Opens in a new window]
Tansen Sen*
Affiliation:
Tansen Sen (ts107@nyu.edu) is Director of the Center for Global Asia and Professor of history at New York University Shanghai and Global Network Professor at New York University
Get access

Abstract

This essay traces the development of China–India studies from the mid-nineteenth century to the present in order to take stock of the field, which has witnessed a surge in publication over the past two decades. The assessment presented here weaves the main shifts in China–India political relations with the emergence of various strands of China–India scholarship, since the two aspects often intersect. The major lacuna in the field, this essay argues, is a framework needed to analyze the complex connections and the pertinent comparisons between China and India. It contends that research on China–India topics should ideally attempt to combine comparative and connective frameworks with analyses that transcend geographic, temporal, and disciplinary boundaries to address this lacuna.

Keywords

Asiaarea studiesChinaChina–IndiacomparisonsconnectionsIndiamethodologiesSino-Indian studies
Type
Research Article
Information
The Journal of Asian Studies , Volume 80 , Issue 2 , May 2021 , pp. 363 - 387
Check for updates
Copyright
Copyright © The Association for Asian Studies, Inc. 2021

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

List of References

Note: A more extensive list of publications on China–India topics, regularly updated, can be found at https://cga.shanghai.nyu.edu/database/china-india/china-india-bibliography/.Google Scholar
Acharya, Amitav. 2017. East of India, South of China: Sino-Indian Encounters in Southeast Asia. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aitken, Molly, and Wang, Eugene. 2018. “Art and Vision: Varieties of World Making.” In What China and India Once Were: The Pasts That May Shape the Global Future, edited by Pollock, Sheldon and Elman, Benjamin, 265–309. New York: Columbia University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
App, Urs. 2015. The Birth of Orientalism. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.Google Scholar
Appadurai, Arjun. 2000. “Grassroots Globalization and the Research Imagination.” Public Culture 12 (1): 1–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Appadurai, Arjun. 2010. “How Histories Make Geographies: Circulation and Context in a Global Perspective.” Transcultural Studies 1 (1): 4–13.Google Scholar
Atwill, David G. 2018. Islamic Shangri-la: Inter-Asian Relations and Lhasa's Muslim Communities, 1600 to 1960. Oakland: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Bayly, Susan. 2007. “India's ‘Empire of Culture’: Sylvain Lévi and the Greater India Society.” In Sylvain Lévi (1863–1935): Études Indiennes, Histoire Sociale Bibliothèque de l'Ecole des Hautes Études, Sciences Religieuses, edited by Bansat-Boudon, L. and Lardinois, R., 193–212. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bhattacharya, Amitava. 2014. Survey of Sino Indian Artistic Discourse: A Twentieth Century Framework. Kolkata: Maulana Abul Kalam Azad Institute of Asian Studies; London: Towards Freedom.Google Scholar
Bickers, Robert. 2016. “Britain and China, and India, 1830–1947.” In Britain and China, 1840–1970: Empire, Finance and War, edited by Bickers, Robert and Howlett, Jonathan J., 58–83. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Buss, Andreas. 1987. “Introductory Comments on Max Weber's Essays on India and China.” International Sociology 2 (3): 271–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Calhoun, Craig. 2017. “Integrating the Social Sciences: Area Studies, Quantitative Methods, and Problem-Oriented Research.” In The Oxford Handbook of Interdisciplinarity, edited by Frodeman, Robert, Klein, Julie Thompson, and Pacheco, Roberto C. S., 117–30. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Cammann, Schuyler. 1951. Trade through the Himalayas: The Early British Attempts to Open Tibet. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press.Google Scholar
Cao, Yin. 2017. From Policemen to Revolutionaries: A Sikh Diaspora in Global Shanghai, 1885–1945. Leiden: Brill.Google Scholar
Chen, Kuan-Hsing 陳光興. 2010a. Asia as Method: Toward Deimperialization. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Chen, Kuan-Hsing 陳光興. 2010b. “Zuowei fangfa de Yindu” 作為方法的印度 [India as method]. Dushu 讀書 12 (December): 10–15.Google Scholar
Chowdhury, Rita. 2018. Chinatown Days. Delhi: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Cunningham, Alexander. 1848. “Verification of the Itinerary of Hwan Thsang through Ariana and India, with Reference to Major Anderson's Hypothesis of its Modern Compilation.” Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 17:476–88.Google Scholar
Cunningham, Alexander. 1871. The Ancient Geography of India, the Buddhist Period, Including the Campaigns of Alexander and the Travels of Hwan-Thsang. London: Trübner.Google Scholar
Dai Chaowu 戴超武. 2014. “Zhong-Yin bianjie wenti xueshushi shuping (1956–2013)” 中印邊界問題學術史述評 [The Sino-Indian boundary questions: A critical historiography, 1956–2013]. Shixue yuekan 史學月刊10:91–115.Google Scholar
Dai Chaowu 戴超武. 2019. “China's Strategy for Sino-Indian Boundary Disputes, 1950–1962.” Asian Perspective 43 (3): 435–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Das, Sisir Kumar. (1993) 2005. “The Controversial Guest: Tagore in China.” In India and China in the Colonial World, edited by Thampi, Madhavi, 85–125. New Delhi: Social Science Press.Google Scholar
Deeg, Max. 2005. Das Gaoseng-Faxian-Zhuan als religionsgeschichtliche Quelle. Der älteste Bericht eines chinesischen buddhistischen Pilgermönchs über seine Reise nach Indien mit Übersetzung des Textes [The Gaoseng Faxian zhuan as a source for the history of religion. The oldest report of a Chinese Buddhist pilgrim on his journey to India, with a translation of the text]. Studies in Oriental Religions 52. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag.Google Scholar
Deeg, Max. 2012. “‘Show Me the Land Where the Buddha Dwelled . . . ’ Xuanzang's ‘Record of the Western Regions’ (Xiyu ji): A Misunderstood Text.” China Report 48 (1–2): 89–113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deeg, Max. 2016. “The Political Position of Xuanzang: The Didactic Creation of an Indian Dynasty in the Xiyu ji.” In The Middle Kingdom and the Dharma Wheel: Aspects of the Relationship between the Buddhist Samgha and the State in Chinese History, edited by Juelch, T., 1:94–139. Leiden: Brill.Google Scholar
Dirlik, Arif. 2005. “Asia Pacific Studies in an Age of Global Modernity.” Inter-Asia Cultural Studies 6 (2): 158–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dirlik, Arif. 2008. “Timespace, Social Space, and the Question of Chinese Culture.” boundary 2: An International Journal of Literature and Culture 35 (1): 1–22.Google Scholar
Duara, Prasenjit. 2010. “Asia Redux: Conceptualizing a Region for Our Times.” Journal of Asian Studies 69 (4): 963–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Duara, Prasenjit. 2021. “Epilogue.” In Beyond Pan-Asianism: Connecting China and India, 1840s–1960s, edited by Sen, Tansen and Tsui, Brian, 460–66. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Duara, Prasenjit, and Perry, Elizabeth J., eds. 2018. Beyond Regimes: China and India Compared. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Asia Center.Google Scholar
Edmond, Jacob, Johnson, Henry, and Leckie, Jacqueline, eds. 2011. Recentring Asia: Histories, Encounters, Identities. Leiden: Global Oriental.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elisseeff, Serge. 1938. “Staël-Holstein's Contribution to Asiatic Studies.” Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 3 (1): 1–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Farooqui, Amar. (2006) 2012. Opium City: The Making of Early Victorian Bombay. New Delhi: Three Essays Collective.Google Scholar
Felski, Rita, and Friedman, Susan Stanford. 2013. “Introduction.” In Comparison: Theories, Approaches, Uses, edited by Felski, Rita and Friedman, Susan Stanford, 1–12. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Frodeman, Robert. 2014. Sustainable Knowledge: A Theory of Interdisciplinarity. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frodeman, Robert, ed. 2017. The Oxford Handbook of Interdisciplinarity. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yinzeng, Geng 耿引曾. 1994. Zhongguo zaijizhong Nanya shiliao huibian 中國載籍中南亞史料匯編 [Collection of South Asian historical materials from Chinese sources]. 2 vols. Shanghai: Shanghai guji chubanshe.Google Scholar
Ghosh, Amitav. 2008–12. Ibis Trilogy: Sea of Poppies; River of Smoke; Flood of Fire. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.Google Scholar
Ghosh, Arunabh. 2017. “Before 1962: The Case for 1950s China–India History.” Journal of Asian Studies 76 (3): 697–727.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goh, Beng Lan, ed. 2011. Decentering and Diversifying Southeast Asian Studies: Perspectives from the Region. Singapore: ISEAS.Google Scholar
Gordon, Andrew. 2004. “Rethinking Area Studies, Once More: Review of Learning Places: The Afterlives of Area Studies, edited by Masao Miyoshi and H. D. Harootunian.” Journal of Japanese Studies 30 (2): 417–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deyan, Guo 郭德焱. 2005. Qingdai Guangzhou Basi shangren 清代廣州巴斯商人 [Parsee merchants in Canton during the Qing period]. Beijing: Zhonghua shuju.Google Scholar
Guyot-Réchard, Bérénice. 2016. Shadow States: India, China and the Himalayas, 1910–1962. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Gvili, Gal. 2018. “Pan-Asian Poetics: Tagore and the Interpersonal in May Fourth New Poetry.” Journal of Asian Studies 77 (1): 181–203.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hay, Stephen N. 1962. Asian Ideas of East and West: Tagore and His Critics in Japan, China, and India. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Heirman, Ann. 2007. “Vinaya from India to China.” In The Spread of Buddhism, edited by Heirman, Ann and Bumbacher, Stephan-Peter, 167–202. Leiden: Brill.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jackson, Isabella. 2012. “The Raj on Nanjing Road: Sikh Policemen in Treaty-Port Shanghai.” Modern Asian Studies 46 (6): 1672–1704.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jan, Yün-hua. 1964. “Buddhist Historiography in Sung China.” Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft 114 (2): 360–81.Google Scholar
Jeffrey, Robin and Sen, Ronojoy. 2015. Media at Work in China and India: Discovering and Dissecting. New Delhi: Sage.Google Scholar
Committee, Joint Compilation. 2014. Encyclopedia of India–China Cultural Contacts. 2 vols. New Delhi: MaXposure Media Group (I) Pvt. Ltd.Google Scholar
Karl, Rebecca E. 2002. Staging the World: Chinese Nationalism at the Turn of the Twentieth Century. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Khan, Sulmaan Wasif. 2015. Muslim, Trader, Nomad, Spy: China's Cold War and the People of the Tibetan Borderlands. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lamb, Alastair. 1989. Tibet, China and India, 1914–1950: A History of Imperial Diplomacy. Delhi: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Lanza, Fabio. 2017. The End of Concern: Maoist China, Activism, and Asian Studies. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Lee, Yu-Ting. 2021. “‘Tagore and China’ Reconsidered: Starting from a Conversation with Feng Youlan.” In Beyond Pan-Asianism: Connecting China and India, 1840s–1960s, edited by Sen, Tansen and Tsui, Brian, 209–35. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, Rongxi, trans. 1996. The Great Tang Dynasty Record of the Western Regions. Berkeley: Numata Center for Buddhist Translation and Research.Google Scholar
Li, Rongxi, trans. 2000. Buddhist Monastic Traditions of Southern Asia: A Record of the Inner Law Sent Home from the South Seas. Berkeley: Numata Center for Buddhist Translation and Research.Google Scholar
Li, Rongxi, trans. 2002. “The Journey of the Eminent Monk Faxian.” In Lives of Great Monks and Nuns. Berkeley: Numata Center for Buddhist Translation and Research.Google Scholar
Qichao, Liang 梁啟超. (1904) 2004. “Zuguo da hanghai jia Zheng He zhuan” 祖國大航海家鄭和傳 [Biography of the great Chinese maritime explorer Zheng He]. In Zheng He yanjiu bainian lunwen xuan 鄭和研究百年論文選 [A hundred years of research on Zheng He: A selection of essays], edited by Tianyou, Wang 王天有 and Wan Ming 萬明, 1–8. Beijing: Beijing daxue chubanshe.Google Scholar
Lin, Chengjie 林承節. 1991. “Ma Jianzhong and Wu Guangpei's Visit to India and Their Diaries.” Asia-Pacific Studies 1991:55–72.Google Scholar
Lin, Chengjie. 1993. Zhong-Yin renmin youhao guanxi shi 中印人民友好關係史 [History of the friendly relations between the peoples of China and India]. Beijing: Beijing daxue chubanshe.Google Scholar
Liu, Andrew B. 2019. “Production, Circulation, and Accumulation: The Historiographies of Capitalism in China and South Asia.” Journal of Asian Studies 78 (4): 767–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, Andrew B. 2020. Tea War: A History of Capitalism in China and India. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Liu, Xi. 2012. “Kang Youwei's Journey to India: Chinese Discourse on India during the Late Qing and Republican Periods.” China Report 48 (1–2): 171–85.Google Scholar
Ludden, David. 2001. “Area Studies in the Age of Globalization.” FRONTIERS: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad 6 (1): 1–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ludden, David. 2003. “Presidential Address: Maps in Mind and the Mobility of Asia.” Journal of Asian Studies 62 (4): 1057–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ma, Joy, and D'Souza, Dilip. 2020. The Deoliwallahs: The True Story of the 1962 Chinese-Indian Internment. Delhi: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Mackintosh-Smith, Tim, ed. and trans. 2014. “Accounts of India and China, Abū Zayd al-Sīrāfī.” In Two Arabic Travel Books, 3–163. New York: New York University Press.Google Scholar
Mair, Victor H. 1988. Painting and Performance: Chinese Picture Recitation and Its Indian Genesis. Honolulu: University of Hawai‘i Press.Google Scholar
Mangalagiri, Adhira. 2017. “At the Limits of Comparison: Literary Encounters between China and India in the Colonial World.” PhD diss., University of Chicago.Google Scholar
Mangalagiri, Adhira. 2019. “Ellipses of Cultural Diplomacy: The 1957 Chinese Literary Sphere in Hindi.” Journal of World Literature 4 (4): 508–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Markovits, Claude. 2000. “Indian Communities in China, c. 1842–1949.” In New Frontiers: Imperialism's New Communities in East Asia, 1842–1953, edited by Bickers, Robert and Henriot, Christian, 55–74. Manchester: Manchester University Press.Google Scholar
Marshall, Julie G. 2003. Britain and Tibet, 1765–1947: A Select Annotated Bibliography of British Relations with Tibet and the Himalayan States including Nepal, Sikkim and Bhutan. London: RoutledgeCurzon.Google Scholar
McKay, Alex. 1997. Tibet and the British Raj: The Frontier Cadre, 1904–1947. Richmond: Curzon Press.Google Scholar
Mehra, Parshotam. 2005. The Younghusband Expedition (to Lhasa): An Interpretation. Delhi: Gyan Publication House.Google Scholar
Miller, Manjari Chatterjee. 2013. Wronged by Empire: Post-Imperial Ideology and Foreign Policy in India and China. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mitra, Rajendralal. 1878. Buddha Gaya: The Hermitage of Sakya Muni. Calcutta: Bengal Secretariat Press.Google Scholar
Miyoshi, Masao, and Harootunian, H. D.. 2002. Learning Places: The Afterlives of Area Studies. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mosca, Mathew. 2013. From Frontier Policy to Foreign Policy: The Question of India and the Transformation of Geopolitics in Qing China. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Oxfeld, Ellen.1993. Blood, Sweat, and Mahjong: Family and Enterprise in an Overseas Chinese Community. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Petech, Luciano. 1950. Northern India According to Shui-Ching-Chu. Rome: Istituto Italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente.Google Scholar
Phalkey, Jahnavi, and Lam, Tong, ed. 2016. “Science in Modern China and India.” BJHS Themes 1:1–266.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pollock, Sheldon, and Elman, Benjamin. 2018. What China and India Once Were: The Pasts That May Shape the Global Future. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Ramesh, Jairam. 2005. Making Sense of Chindia: Reflections on China and India. Delhi: India Research Press.Google Scholar
Ray, Haraprasad. 2004–. Chinese Sources of South Asian History in Translation: Data for Study of India–China Relations through Ages. Kolkata: Asiatic Society.Google Scholar
Ren, Xuefei. 2017. “Cities in China and India: Disjuncture, Master-Concepts, and Comparison.” In A Research Agenda for Cities, edited by Short, John Rennie, 195–204. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Samarani, G. 2005. “Shaping the Future of Asia: Chiang Kai-shek, Nehru and China–India Relations during the Second World War Period.” Working Paper 11, Centre for East and South-East Asian Studies, Lund University, Sweden. https://portal.research.lu.se/ws/files/4571404/3128707.pdf (accessed November 20, 2020).Google Scholar
Sarkar, Benoy Kumar. 1916. Chinese Religions through Hindu Eyes: A Study in the Tendencies of Asiatic Mentality. Shanghai: Commercial Press.Google Scholar
Sarkar, Benoy Kumar. 1922. The Futurism of Young Asia: And Other Essays on the Relations between the East and the West. Berlin: Julius Springer.Google Scholar
Schierlitz, Ernst. 1937. “In Memory of Alexander Wilhelm Baron von Staël-Holstein.” Monumenta Serica 3 (1): 286–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sen, Tansen. 2003. Buddhism, Diplomacy, and Trade: The Realignment of Sino-Indian Relations, 600–1400. Honolulu: University of Hawai‘i Press.Google Scholar
Sen, Tansen. 2013. “Is There a Need for China Studies in India?” Economic and Political Weekly, July, 26–29.Google Scholar
Sen, Tansen. 2016. “The Impact of Zheng He's Expeditions on Indian Ocean Interactions.” Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 79 (3): 609–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sen, Tansen. 2017. India, China, and the World: A Connected History. Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield.Google Scholar
Sen, Tansen. 2020. “Relations between the Republic of China and India, 1937–1949.” In Routledge Handbook of China–India Relations, edited by Bajpai, Kanti, Ho, Selina, and Miller, Manjari Chatterjee, 63–86. London: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sen, Tansen. 2021. “The Chinese Intrigue in Kalimpong: Intelligence Gathering and the ‘Spies’ in a Contact Zone.” In Beyond Pan-Asianism: Connecting China and India, 1840s–1960s, edited by Sen, Tansen and Tsui, Brian, 410–59. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sen, Tansen, and Tsui, Brian, eds. 2021. Beyond Pan-Asianism: Connecting China and India, 1840s–1960s. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shen, Simon. 2011. “Exploring the Neglected Constraints on Chindia: Analysing the Online Chinese Perception of India and its Interaction with China's India Policy.” The China Quarterly, no. 207, 541–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kenji, Shimada. 1990. Pioneer of the Chinese Revolution: Zhang Binglin and Confucianism, translated by Fogel, Joshua A.. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Siddiqi, Asiya. 1982. “The Business World of Jamsetjee Jejeebhoy.” Indian Economic and Social History Review 19 (3–4): 301–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Siddiqi, Asiya. 2005. “Pathways of the Poppy: India's Opium Trade in the Nineteenth Century.” In India and China in the Colonial World, edited by Thampi, Madhavi, 21–32. New Delhi: Social Science Press.Google Scholar
Stewart, Gordon T. 2009. Journeys to Empire: Enlightenment, Imperialism, and the British Encounter with Tibet, 1774–1904. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Stolte, Carolien, and Fischer-Tiné, Harald. 2012. “Imagining Asia in India: Nationalism and Internationalism (c. 1905–1940).” Comparative Studies in Society and History 44 (1): 62–92.Google Scholar
Tan, Chung. 1979. “Ageless Neighbourliness between India and China: Historical Perspective and Future Prospects.” China Report 15 (2): 3–37.Google Scholar
Tan, Chung, and Yinzeng, Geng. 2005. India and China: Twenty Centuries of Civilizational Interactions and Vibrations. Delhi: Center for the Studies in Civilizations.Google Scholar
Teltscher, Kate. 2013. The High Road to China: George Bogle, the Panchen Lama and the First British Expedition to Tibet. London: Bloomsbury.Google Scholar
Thampi, Madhavi. 2005. Indians in China, 1800–1949. New Delhi: Manohar.Google Scholar
Thampi, Madhavi, and Saksena, Shalini. 2009. China and the Making of Bombay. Bombay: K. R. Cama Oriental Institute.Google Scholar
Thum, Rian. 2017. “Surviving in a ‘Society’-centric World: Comments on Engseng Ho's ‘Inter-Asian Concepts for Mobile Societies.’” Journal of Asian Studies 76 (4): 929–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thum, Rian. 2018. “Moghul Relations with the Mughals: Economic, Political, and Cultural.” In Xinjiang in the Context of Central Eurasian Transformations, edited by Takahiro, Onuma, Brophy, David, and Yasushi, Shinmen, 9–25. Tokyo: Toyo Bunko.Google Scholar
Tsui, Brian. 2010. “The Plea for Asia—Tan Yunshan, Pan-Asianism and Sino-Indian Relations.” China Report 46 (4): 353–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van der Veer, Peter. 2014. The Modern Spirit of Asia: The Spiritual and Secular in China and India. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Van Fleit Hang, Krista. 2013. “‘The Law Has No Conscience’: The Cultural Construction of Justice and Reception of Awara in China.” Asian Cinema 24 (2): 141–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Waller, Derek. 1990. The Pundits: British Exploration of Tibet and Central Asia. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky.Google Scholar
Wang, Bangwei, and Sen, Tansen, comp. 2011. India and China: Interactions through Buddhism and Diplomacy: A Collection of Essays by Professor Prabodh Chandra Bagchi. London: Anthem Press.Google Scholar
Wang, Yang. 2019. “Envisioning the Third World: Modern Art and Diplomacy in Maoist China.” ARTMargins 8 (2): 31–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weller, Friedrich von. 1933. “Das Sino-Indian Institute der Harvard University in Peking.” Asia Major 9:658–63.Google Scholar
Wesley-Smith, Terence, and Goss, Jon. 2010. Remaking Area Studies: Teaching and Learning across Asia and the Pacific. Honolulu: University of Hawai‘i Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yang, Anand. 2006. “Travel Matters: An Indian Subaltern's Passage to China in 1900.” Education about Asia 11 (3): 12–15.Google Scholar
Yang, Anand. 2007. “(A) Subaltern('s) Boxers: An Indian Soldier's Account of China and the World in 1900–1901.” In The Boxers, China, and the World, edited by Bickers, Robert and Tiedemann, R. G., 43–64. Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield.Google Scholar
Yang, Anand, et al. 2017. Thirteen Months in China: A Subaltern Indian and the Colonial World. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yang, Tianshi. 2015. “Chiang Kai-shek and Jawaharlal Nehru.” In Negotiating China's Destiny in World War II, edited by van de Ven, Hans, Lary, Diana, and MacKinnon, Stephen R., 127–40. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Yang, Yun-yuan. 1974. “Nehru and China, 1927–1949.” PhD diss., University of Virginia.Google Scholar
Zhang, Ke. 2021. “Through the ‘Indian Lens’: Observations and Self-Reflections in Late Qing Chinese Travel Writings on India.” In Beyond Pan-Asianism: Connecting China and India, 1840s–1960s, edited by Sen, Tansen and Tsui, Brian, 131–54. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Zhang, Xing. 2015. The Chinese Community in Calcutta: Preservation and Change. Halle: Universitätsverlag Halle-Wittenberg.Google Scholar