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9 results

  • Chapter 7 - Comparing FSKs and MSKs: Backgrounds and Mental Illness

  • Marissa A. Harrison, Pennsylvania State University
  • Book:
    Just as Deadly
    Published online:
    06 January 2023
    Print publication:
    09 February 2023, pp 108-130

  • Summary

    Although the primary aim of Just as Deadly is to present information on female serial killers (FSKs), the author discusses a comparison of FSKs and male serial killers (MSKs) to illustrate the dramatic differences between their crimes. As described in Evolutionary Behavioral Sciences, the author and her team investigated sex differences in serial murder through an evolutionary psychological lens but also collected data on other background and mental health variables, as empirical comparisons of FSKs and MSKs are virtually nonexistent in the scientific literature. Data collected from 55 MSKs and 55 FSKs revealed sex differences in relationship status, educational attainment, and socioeconomic status. Moreover, nearly 90% of MSKs and 43% of FSKs had reported mental health issues. These results show that MSKs have more than a fourfold chance of having a mental illness compared to the population and are twice as likely as FSKs to have documented issues. The cases of MSKs Ed Gein and John Wayne Gacy describe mental illness issues and are used to demonstrate drastic differences in serial murder modus operandi and victims.

  • Chapter 4 - Mental Health and Substance Use Among FSKs

  • Marissa A. Harrison, Pennsylvania State University
  • Book:
    Just as Deadly
    Published online:
    06 January 2023
    Print publication:
    09 February 2023, pp 51-71

  • Summary

    The topic of mental health in female serial killers (FSKs) has been largely unexamined. It is plausible that many FSKs committed their crime before the introduction of standard diagnostic systems. The author’s team found that nearly 40% of FSKs in their study sample had a history of mental illness, including anxiety, depression, personality disorders, dissociative disorders, and factitious disorder imposed on another (FDIA), formerly called Munchausen syndrome by proxy (MSBP). This evidences that mental illness is overrepresented in FSKs compared to the population. Also in this chapter, the author reviews data on infrequent FSK mental health treatment, as well as on demeanor, sexual adjustment, and substance use. The author urges increased efforts for diagnosing and treating mental health issues to prevent murder. Case studies of FSKs Martha Woods and Marybeth Tinning illustrate mental health phenomena. The case of FSK Margie Barfield and a revisitation of the case of FSK Amy Archer-Gilligan illustrate substance abuse.

  • Gender differences in the comorbidity of neurological and psychological disorders in a large clinical sample of children

  • Valerie Brandt, Elisa Napoleone, Praveetha Patalay
  • Journal:
    BJPsych Open / Volume 7 / Issue 3 / May 2021
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    04 May 2021, e96
    • Article
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      • Open access
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  • This study aimed to establish rates and gender patterns of 25 comorbidities in 1912 children (72% male) with a neurological disorder and a comparison group (n = 40 718, 45% male) from a large clinical records data-set in child mental health services in the UK with clinician-recorded data on neurological and psychological conditions. Obsessive–compulsive disorder, oppositional defiant/conduct disorders, autism spectrum disorders and intellectual disabilities (also known in UK health services as learning disabilities) occurred significantly more often in both boys and girls with neurological disorders than in the comparison group. Girls with neurological disorders showed a ‘male-typic’ comorbidity profile.

  • Associations between dietary intake of B-vitamins and psychological disorders among Iranian women: a cross-sectional study

  • Hadis Mozaffari, Manije Darooghegi Mofrad, Pamela J Surkan, Mohammadreza Askari, Leila Azadbakht
  • Journal:
    Public Health Nutrition / Volume 24 / Issue 7 / May 2021
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    16 September 2020, pp. 1787-1797
    • Article
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  • Objective:

    B-vitamins affect brain function through multiple pathways. Given limited evidence on the relationship between dietary intake of these vitamins and psychological disorders, we examined dietary intake of vitamin B6-9-12 in relation to psychological disorders among Iranian women.

    Design:

    Cross-sectional study. Dietary intake was assessed using a valid and reliable FFQ. To assess psychological disorders, we used a version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 validated in Iran.

    Setting:

    Ten public health centres in southern Tehran, Iran.

    Participants:

    A total of 447 female participants aged 20–50 years.

    Results:

    The median values of vitamin B6 (pyridoxine), B9 (folate) and B12 (cobalamin) were 1·30 mg/d, 313·89 µg/d and 3·99 µg/d, respectively. After adjustment for potential confounders, dietary vitamin B6 intake was associated with lower odds of depression (OR: 0·54; 95 % CI: 0·31, 0·95; Ptrend: 0·03). However, there was a positive association between dietary vitamin B12 intake with the odds of depression (OR: 2·05; 95 % CI: 1·17, 3·60; Ptrend: 0·01) and psychological distress (OR: 2·00; 95 % CI: 1·17, 3·41; Ptrend: 0·01). No association was found between vitamin B9 with any psychological disorders.

    Conclusions:

    Women with higher dietary intakes of vitamin B6 had lower likelihood of depression. However, women with higher dietary intake of vitamin B12 had higher odds of depression and psychological distress. Future prospective studies in different populations are needed to clarify whether B-vitamin deficiency is a cause or consequence of psychological disorders.

  • P01-120 - Comparing the Prevalence of Anxiety and Depression between Two Wards of Internal medicine and A & E (2005-2006)

  • N. Amanat, B. Behnam, R. Ghorbani, A. Imani, H.R. Khankeh
  • Journal:
    European Psychiatry / Volume 25 / Issue S1 / 2010
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    17 April 2020, 25-E325
    • Article
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  • Objectives

    Psychological disorder such as anxiety and depression have been related to increased mortality in both healthy individuals and medical patients. This study has been done for evaluation of prevalence of anxiety and depression and comparison with a control group (A&E's patients 1.

    Materials & methods

    We checked three hundred patients of internal medicine and A&E (as a control group) department. They have chosen by a Purposive accessible sampling method. The psychopathological profile was assessed using the SCL-90 questionnaire by Iranian version. Data have been computed and analyzed by SPSS V.17 and we used Student t test for parametric variables and Mann-Whitney for the analysis of nonparametric variables and Linear regression was used to identify the impact of independent variables. The results have been considered significant when the two tailed p-value was less than 0.05.

    Results

    In internal ward 69.3% and A&E department 42% of patient have had depression (OR= 3.5; 95% CI, 1.9 to 6.5). Anxiety were observed in 50.7% of internal medicine patients and 12% of A&E's patients (OR= 1.94; 95% CI, 5.1 to 23.7).

    Conclusion

    Prevalence of the depression and anxiety in internal ward patients was significantly higher in compare to A&E's patients. Therefore, it's necessary to consider these patients in order to diagnosing for the early treatment.

  • P02-20 - Comparing the Incidence of Anxiety and Depression Between Two Wards of Internal Medicine and A&E (2005 –2006)

  • N. Amanat Lome Dasht, A. Imani, R. Ghorbani, B. Behnam, H.R. Khankeh
  • Journal:
    European Psychiatry / Volume 25 / Issue S1 / 2010
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    17 April 2020, 25-E633
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  • Introduction

    Negative emotions such as anxiety and depression have been related to increased mortality in both healthy individuals and medical patients The method of treatment would be changed when the patients have psychological problem. In internal ward researcher observed many patients that them shown psychiatric disorder such as depression and anxiety. Therefore, this study has been done for evaluation of prevalence of anxiety and depression and comparison with a control group.

    Materials & methods

    In this cross-sectional study, we checked 150 patients of internal medicine department and 150 patients, who have admitted to the A&E department as a control group. They have chosen by a Purposive accessible sampling method. A questionnaire form, namely “SCL-R-90” was filled by a group of nursing student. This is known as a standardized questionnaire in Iran. Data have been computed and analyzed by SPSS V.13 and we used t-student, Mann-Whitney tests and logistic regression methods. The results have been considered significant when the two tailed p-value was less than 0.05.

    Results

    In internal ward 69.3% and A&E department 42% of patient have had depression (OR=3.5, 95%CI=1.9—6.5). Anxiety were observed in 50.7%of internal medicine patients and 12% of A&E's patients (OR=1.94, 95%CI=5.1 —23.7).

    Conclusion

    Prevalence of the depression and anxiety in internal ward patients was significantly higher in compare to A&E's patients. Therefore, it's necessary to consider these patients in order to diagnosing for the early treatment. Recommendation are made to further investigate by greater sample size and different setting in this field is warranted.

  • 11 - Work and Unemployment as Stressors

  • from Part II - The Social Context of Mental Health and Illness
  • Edited by Teresa L. Scheid, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, Tony N. Brown, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
  • Book:
    A Handbook for the Study of Mental Health
    Published online:
    05 June 2012
    Print publication:
    16 November 2009, pp 213-225

  • Summary

    The biological or medical approach views mental illness as if it were a disease or physical defect in the brain or body. Within the social approach, there are three dominant theories of mental illness etiology: stress theory, structural strain theory and labeling theory. This chapter describes each theory's basic concepts and assumptions, theoretical limitations and advantages, and implications for treating or preventing mental illness. According to stress theory, when events and strains accumulate in people's lives, they can overwhelm people's psychosocial resources and abilities to cope and then generate symptoms of psychological disorder. Labeling theory picks up at this point and suggests that frequent, severe, or highly visible symptoms or symptoms exhibited by those with little social prestige or power, can launch a victimizing process. Societal reactions to symptoms may result in the person's receiving a formal psychiatric diagnosis, becoming hospitalized, and, ultimately, accepting a mental patient identity.

  • 2 - Understanding social support within the context of theory and research on the relationship of life stress and mental health

  • from PART I - CONCEPTS AND ORIGINS OF SOCIAL SUPPORT
  • Edited by T. S. Brugha, University of Leicester
  • Book:
    Social Support and Psychiatric Disorder
    Published online:
    31 October 2009
    Print publication:
    24 August 1995, pp 41-60

  • Summary

    This chapter discusses the several parallel themes which have occurred within the subdomains of stress, social support, personality and coping. The stress and the social support domains are the proper conceptualisation and measurement of the concepts. Cobb defined social support as information that one belongs to a socially coherent community and that one is loved and esteemed. One early measure of life stress included in its domain questions about changes in sleeping and eating habits; however, changes in these functions often occur in depressive disorders and hence are enquired about in measures of psychological distress. Self-esteem has also recently received some attention as a personality trait that might play an important mediating role in the stress-distress relationship. The more physiological roots of stress theory would seem to lead to various possibilities regarding biological mechanisms of effect, but these would seem to have more relevance for physical than for psychological disorder.

  • The ‘whiplash’ enigma: undetected psychological factors? A pilot study

  • John D Sheehan, Ann Maguire, John P Ryan, Leo Vella
  • Journal:
    Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine / Volume 11 / Issue 4 / December 1994
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    13 June 2014, pp. 170-172
    Print publication:
    December 1994

  • Studies in general medicine and general practice have shown that psychological disorder is frequently undetected and that it may exacerbate the morbidity of physical conditions. The aim of this study was to detect possible psychological disorder in patients with soft tissue neck injury (STNI) attending a 660 bed teaching hospital in Dublin. Using the General Health Questionnaire-30, 100 STNI patients were compared with 100 consecutive other attenders at the Accident and Emergency Department. There was a significantly greater prevalence in the frequency and severity of psychological disorder in the STNI group, who also were more likely to have a history of depression.