Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is one of the best-evidenced psychosocial interventions for psychosis and is recommended by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence and the American Psychiatric Association. CBT was developed and derived from Western cultural values, which may not be appropriate for non-Western cultures. Trials of CBT in Western countries have indicated that participants from ethnic minority groups demonstrate low rates of engagement, retention, and recruitment. This indicates that the principles underlying CBT may conflict with individual beliefs and cultural values in non-Western countries. Therefore, we interviewed 15 people diagnosed with schizophrenia and 15 with their family members to explore the beliefs and attitudes of people diagnosed with schizophrenia and their family members concerning the proposed CBT intervention for psychosis in the Saudi context. The findings revealed that most participants accepted the proposed intervention. Important factors that influenced participants’ engagement and motivation in the CBT intervention were related to the therapist’s qualities (sex, empathy, and competence), family involvement, religion, and the number and format of CBT sessions for psychosis.

1. (1) To explore the beliefs and attitudes of people diagnosed with schizophrenia concerning the proposed CBT intervention for psychosis and how to improve it to make it more appropriate for their needs and cultures.

2. (2) To explore the beliefs and attitudes of family members of people diagnosed with schizophrenia concerning the proposed CBT intervention for psychosis and how to improve it to make it more appropriate to their needs and culture.

Patients with progressive neurologic illness still lack access to quality palliative care services. Barriers to the comprehensive provision of neuropalliative care include gaps in palliative care education. To address this barrier, a novel international model of neuropalliative care education e-learning program was launched in 2022.

This is a qualitative study on the self-reported learning outcomes and educational gains of participants of a neuropalliative care e-learning course.

Thematic analysis shows changes in the participants’ perceptions of neuropalliative care and several specific educational gains. After attending the course, participants recognized neuropalliative care as a multiprofessional and interdisciplinary effort requiring more than medical knowledge and disease-specific treatment skills. They gained understanding of the complexity of prognosis in neurological diseases, as well as ethical concepts as the basis to approach difficult decisions. Valuing the needs of patients and caregivers, as well as honest and open communication were recognized as key components of the caring process. In particular, providing emotional support and building relationships to enhance the spiritual component of care were avidly discussed as essential nonmedical treatment options.

E-learning courses are helping to close the gaps in healthcare professionals’ knowledge and skills about neuropalliative care.

Diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) takes more than 1year from detection of first symptoms. The paper seeks to understand the ALS diagnostic process and adjustment from the perspective of informal caregivers.

The data stems from an interview study with 9 current and 13 bereaved informal caregivers of people with ALS in Switzerland. The interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis.

We identified 3 key themes pertaining to ALS diagnosis. In the first theme, we present the close involvement of informal caregivers in the “diagnosis journey.” Highlighted within this theme is the important role they play, which ultimately leads to diagnosis of ALS avoiding further delays. Second, we relay their perceptions on “diagnosis communication pitfalls” where they underlined empathy and planning from the part of medical professional, while communicating the terminal diagnosis of ALS. Participants’ reactions and adjustments post-ALS diagnosis are described in “the aftermath of diagnosis.” In this third theme, we highlight participants’ shock and their need to rethink overall life plans and roles in their family.

Diagnosis communication that is clear, empathetic, and adjusted to the needs of the patients as well as their caregivers is critical. More work is needed to improve diagnosis communication for ALS patients. Receiving the diagnosis of ALS leads to complete changes in life of caregivers. It is therefore necessary that medical professionals provide adequate support that allows them to plan for their future.

Sexual unwellness (SU) has been linked to a lack of sexual satisfaction and to an incapacity to maintain sexual relations.

The objective of this cross-cultural study is to shed light on older adults’ perspectives on SU across cultures.

Eighty-three older participants (65 to 98 years of age) took part in this qualitative study. Participants lived in the community and were of two different nationalities (Portuguese and Mexican). Semi-structured interviews were conducted, and content analysis was then carried out.

SU emerged in the findings of the content analysis through six themes: Dissatisfying Sexual Experiences; Feelings of Isolation; Spirituality; Medication; Unattractiveness and Pain. The most common theme among older Portuguese participants was ‘Dissatisfying Sexual Experiences’ (25.5%). ‘Feelings of Isolation’ was most common among older Mexican participants (13.7%).

A diversity of experiences of older adults in relation to SU was highlighted in this study. Moreover, cross-cultural research on the construct of SU is essential for understanding the cultural differences in the conceptualization of the construct and how these themes may influence the quality of sexual life in old age.

None Declared

Existential guilt is a deep and multidimensional concept that is correlated with concepts, such as in/authenticity, existential anxiety, decisiveness, and personal and social responsibility. The aim of the present study is to investigate the experience of existential guilt among cancer patients.

The present research was conducted with a qualitative method with a content analysis design. A purposeful sampling method was used to select the participants and the sampling procedure went on until we reached data saturation. Data were obtained using semi-structured interviews with the participants.

From a total of 18 interviews, 94 codes related to existential guilt were obtained. After the analysis, three main concepts were extracted: (1) incompleteness, (2) passivity, and (3) feelings of harm to self and others. Each of these had a number of subcategories.

The participants of the present research were found to experience existential guilt in different ways. The research showed that it is necessary to find the sources of existential guilt in order that effective therapeutic attention can be given cancer patients.

To examine the thematic features of dignity therapy generativity documents of advanced cancer patients receiving chemotherapy in mainland China from the perspective of meaning-making during dignity therapy.

This is a qualitative descriptive study. Content analysis was used to analyze 24 dignity therapy generativity documents derived from a quasi-experimental trial of dignity therapy for advanced cancer patients receiving chemotherapy in a daycare center at a cancer hospital in northern China.

Among the 24 advanced cancer patients whose generativity documents were analyzed, 14 were male and ranged in age from 26 to 78 years (average = 50.3). Two dimensions emerged from the data: (1) the sources of meaning in life, which consisted of social relationships, things and circumstances providing meaning in life, and (2) the ultimate meaning in life, referring to finding one’s real self and realizing the purpose in life, including personal life goals, dignity and autonomy, and morality of patients.

The multidimensional constructs of meaning in life with distinctive traditional Chinese cultural characteristics could provide insights into dignity-conserving care for advanced cancer patients with Chinese culture and provide evidence for refining the implementation protocol of DT through intentionally addressing the ultimate meaning of patients in the therapeutic session.

This study aims to provide an in-depth understanding of the content and process of decision-making about palliative sedation for existential suffering (PS-ES) as perceived by Belgian palliative care physicians.

This Belgian nationwide qualitative study follows a grounded theory approach. We conducted semistructured interviews with 25 palliative care physicians working in 19 Belgian hospital-based palliative care units and 4 stand-alone hospices. We analyzed the data using the Qualitative Analysis Guide of Leuven, and we followed the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research Guidelines (COREQ).

Analysis of the data identified several criteria that physicians apply in their decision-making about PS-ES, namely, the importance of the patient’s demand, PS-ES as a last resort option after all alternatives have been applied, the condition of unbearable suffering combined with other kinds of suffering, and the condition of being in a terminal stage. Regarding the process of decision-making itself, physicians refer to the need for multidisciplinary perspectives supported by an interpretative dialogue with the patient and all other stakeholders. The decision-making process involves a specific temporality and physicians’ inner conviction about the need of PS-ES.

Belgian palliative care physicians are not sure about the criteria regarding decision-making in PS-ES. To deal with complex existential suffering in end-of-life situations, they stress the importance of participation by all stakeholders (patient, relatives, palliative care team, other physicians, nurses, social workers, physiotherapists, occupational therapists, chaplains, etc.) in the decision-making process to prevent inadequate decisions being made.

Since June 2018, multi-site overdose prevention education and naloxone distribution has been available in the County of Skåne, Sweden. Among the participants there are individuals who have used naloxone to reverse overdose on multiple occasions (three times or more). Situations of overdose management are characterized by different conditions which inevitably lead to different decisions and outcomes.

To investigate the complex interaction of individual, social, and environmental factors of opioid overdose management, how these overdose situations affect responders´ lives, what impact prior experiences may have on engagement in future overdose situations and if needs of support to deal with these situations are met.

Qualitative study employing semi-structured interviews with individuals trained at needle exchange programs within the region who have used naloxone on more than two occasions to reverse opioid overdose. Interviews will be conducted during Q4 2021 and analysed thematically during Q1 2022.

Preliminary clinical observations point to the ambivalence between positive consequences of empowerment and pride in saving lives, and negative feelings of prior decisions and the burden to engage in future overdoses, in addition to insufficient access to support when dealing with these negative consequences.

Not yet available.

No significant relationships.

Beyond living longer, it is increasingly important to live with more and better health during aging (1). Sexual well-being (SWB) was found to contribute to health and well-being in old age and is highly under-researched in the older population (2).

This study aims to analyze SWB in a cross-cultural way through older Portuguese and Slovenian older samples.

We interviewed 136 older participants with an average age of 71.6 years old. Participants were Portuguese and Slovenian and lived in the community. Participants were subjected to semi-structured interviews and these were subjected to a content analysis process.

The content analysis indicated nine themes related to SWB: self-reported good health; demonstrations of love; non-sexual joint activities; overall well-being and quality of life; partner support; positive self-image; being independent and active; sexual compatibility; and masturbation. Portuguese older adults experience their SWB associated mainly with self-reported good health and demonstrations of love, while Slovenians older adults associate their SWB mainly with non-sexual joint activities and overall well-being and quality of life.

The themes found in this study are fundamental evidence for cultural interventions and guidelines outlining in the context of sexual health in aging, mainly due to the scarcity of knowledge of SWB among older adults. 1.von Humboldt S et al. Sexual expression in old age: How older adults from different cultures express sexually? Sex Res Social Policy. 2020;1-15. 2.von Humboldt S et al. Are older adults satisfied with their sexuality? Outcomes from a cross-cultural study. Educ Gerontol. 2020;46:284-293.

No significant relationships.

The Covid-19 pandemic appeared globally (1), thus affecting the self-growth of the older population (2).

The aim of this study is to identify and analyze the negative emotions felt during the pandemic, as well as their impact on self-growth of 226 older individuals of four nationalities: Mexican, Italian, Portuguese and Spanish.

Thus, a transnational qualitative survey was carried out. A content analysis was performed.

Seven negative emotions were reported, namely: fear, sadness, anger, grief, annoyance, loneliness and shame. These emotions were considerably associated with the following themes: (1) Sharing experiences; (2) Availability of the partner; (3) Spirituality and religion; (4) Be active; (5) Interest in new projects; (6) Civic participation; (7) Sexual activity. Older participants with Mexican and Italian nationality reported that sharing experiences as the most relevant topic, while for the Portuguese and Spanish participants, having a partner available was more important.

This study demonstrated that negative emotions cooperated with the self-growth of older individuals during the Covid-19 pandemic. The heterogeneity of experiences lived by each culture was highlighted, underlining the positive side of negative emotions and their strong connection with the self-growth of the older people. 1.von Humboldt S et al. Smart technology and the meaning in life of older adults during the Covid-19 public health emergency period: A cross-cultural qualitative study. Int Rev Psychiatry, 2020; 1-10. 2. von Humboldt S et al. Does spirituality really matter? - A study on the potential of spirituality to older adult’s adjustment to aging. Jpn Psychol Res, 56;114-125.

No significant relationships.

Hwa-Byung is characterized by feelings of anger or resent about unreasonable social violence and trauma. Although Prevalence of Hwa-Byung is high in middle-aged, recently Hwa-Byung is occurred in young people. And it is suggested that young Hwa-Byung patients will show different patterns from middle-aged.

The purpose of present study was to qualitatively analyze young Hwa-Byung patients’ experiences of symptoms and psychological characteristics related to antecedent events of Hwa-Byung.

10 women aged 20s were Interviewed using semi-structured questionnaires to in-depth study on their experiences related to Hwa-Byung. The interview data were analyzed using phenomenological approach in order to understand the essence of experiences. In particular, it was analyzed through five steps according to Giorgi (1985). First, by repeatedly reading the material, recurring themes were identified. Second, the meaning units were divided to capture important parts of participants’ statements. Third, similar meaning units were grouped together. Fourth, the determined meaning units were described in psychological term. Finally, research data were integrated and presented according to the described meaning units. Reliability between coders was higher than the minimum reliability coefficient.

In symptoms, two themes and seven sub-themes were emerged. In psychological characteristics, three components and five sub-themes were derived. In particular, the antecedent events of young Hwa-Byung patients were related to vertical social relationships, suggesting that Hwa-Byung need to be understood under social context which make them angry.

Present study revealed the social context of Hwa-Byung by discussing the differences between young and middle-aged patients, and furthermore, differences between Hwa-Byung and depression, PTSD patients.

No significant relationships.

Nursing students’ attitudes towards mental illness will affect their perception about caring patients with mental illness and their willingness to work in the field of mental health. Evidence supported that contact with recovery patients can change people’s perception of mental illness.

The study aims to explore the undergraduate nursing students’ encountering experience with recovery patients as educators.

A qualitative study using purposive sampling was conducted with undergraduate nursing students in southern Taiwan. Content analysis was used to identify the students’ experience as encountering with the recovery patient as an educator.

As recovery patients participated in class, sharing their recovery journey and learning with students to produce a recovery story, it provided recovery patients and students an equal and mutually beneficial partnership. Four main themes about undergraduate nursing students’ attitudes were identified as. (1)Changing the mindset to patients with mental illness — We are human beings. There’s not much difference between us. (2)Turning positive attitudes towards patients with mental illness — We can compose a better life together! (3)Closing the distance between students and patients with mental illness — I am willing to be close to you. (4)Reflecting and growing in self-understanding and values — I am recovered, too.

This study found that the strategy of recovery patients as educators can improve future nurses’ attitudes towards mental illness, help them deeply learn about patient’ recovery journey. It might beneficial to help students developing their competency in patient-centered care. Future study could examine the effect of the recovery patients as educators.

No significant relationships.

Although several studies preliminary supported the effects of using smartphone mental health application (app) in patients with bipolar disorder (BD), patients’ subjective experience deserves more attention.

The present study aimed to explore how the BD patient experienced while using the APP in detecting their mood relapse warning signs (MRW app) which has been developed by our team (Su et al., 2021).

The MRW app collects 2 passive (location and GPS removal distance) and 6 self-reported data (daily mood, wake and sleep time, the brief record of mood and life, voice pitch, speech tone and rhythm, facial expression, and weekly emotional scale). By using qualitative research design, 15 patients recruited from the psychiatric outpatient department in a medical center were in-depth interviewed.

Four themes were identified as their subjective experience to use the app as: including positive and negative experience, facilitators, price, and barriers. Interconnected relationship was found in each theme; and counterbalancing associations between positive vs. negative experience, facilitators vs. price and barriers were also demonstrated.

Such first-person experience of using the app in illness detection could unveil technological myths and present its impacts upon patients’ lives in the real world. Implication for practice and future studies were be discussed.

No significant relationships.

Oder adults have been stereotyped (1), both explicitly and implicitly, as being asexual or naturally lacking sexual desires (2).

The objective of this study is to analyse the perspectives of sexual unwellness (SU) of Portuguese and Slovenian older adults.

A qualitative research was carried out, in which these perceptions were analysed at a cultural level. Methods: The sample of this study consisted of 136 older participants, between 65 and 96 years of age. Participants were of two different nationalities and lived in the community. Participants were interviewed, and all interviews were carried out through the process of literal transcription and subsequent content analysis.

Eight key mutually exclusive themes emerged from the interviews: unavailability of partner; traditional values; body restrictions; low self-esteem and well-being; poor social support; dissatisfaction with physical appearance; pain during sex; and difficulties meeting new people. Unavailability of partner was the most important theme (17.9%) for the studied sample and specifically among Portuguese participants. Conversely, difficulties meeting new people was the least reported theme (6.8%) for the entire sample. For Slovenians traditional values were most relevant with respect to feeling sexually unwell.

Older adults from two different countries reported diverse sexual experiences. Eight mutual-exclusive themes were extensively illustrated. 1.von Humboldt S et al. Sexual expression in old age: How older adults from different cultures express sexually? Sex Res Social Policy. 2020;1-15. 2.von Humboldt S et al. Are older adults satisfied with their sexuality? Outcomes from a cross-cultural study. Educ Gerontol. 2020;46:284-293.

No significant relationships.