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5 results

  • 30 - Definitions of Self-Esteem across CBT and REBT Literature

  • from Part Seven - Future Developments
  • Edited by Gillian Todd, University of East Anglia, Rhena Branch, University of East Anglia
  • Book:
    Evidence-Based Treatment for Anxiety Disorders and Depression
    Published online:
    06 January 2022
    Print publication:
    13 January 2022, pp 643-666

  • Summary

    This chapter discusses how self-esteem is currently defined across common CBT and REBT literature. It aims to establish if there is a clear consensus as to what constitutes low, healthy, and high self-esteem, and implications this may have on clinical practice. Definitions of self-esteem within the DSM-5 and ICD-10 are reviewed, as well as cognitive and affective models of self-esteem. Definitions of self-esteem differ widely both across CBT and REBT as well as within CBT and REBT. Definitions are inconsistent within the DSM-5 and ICD-10. Conflation of beliefs, emotions, and constructs of self-esteem occur across research and within CBT and REBT, but is less frequent in REBT. Inconsistencies are more prevalent within CBT literature, which may be problematic, as points of intervention may therefore differ depending on theoretical understanding and definition of constructs of self-esteem.

  • 2 - The History and Philosophical Underpinnings of CBT:

  • Edited by Gillian Todd, University of East Anglia, Rhena Branch, University of East Anglia
  • Book:
    Evidence-Based Treatment for Anxiety Disorders and Depression
    Published online:
    06 January 2022
    Print publication:
    13 January 2022, pp 6-26

  • Summary

    This chapter discusses the philosophical and historical underpinnings of CBT. Attention is given to how CBT and REBT developed, and how these differ in terms of points of theory and intervention. Concepts such as ‘perfectionism’, ‘intolerance of uncertainty’, and ‘self-compassion’ are discussed regarding possible commonalities these approaches share with ideas posited by early theorists. Specific attention is given to Ellis’s ABC model of personality and how it is currently utilized within CBT. Recent developments within CBT such as ACT are included. Protocol-driven CBT and the possible implications for quality of CBT training (e.g., Improving Access to Psychological Treatments, UK training courses) are included.

  • The map of cognitive processes in boredom: multiple mediation models

  • Ion Milea, Roxana A.I. Cardoş, Daniel David
  • Journal:
    Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy / Volume 49 / Issue 4 / July 2021
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    16 December 2020, pp. 441-453
    Print publication:
    July 2021
  • Background:

    Trait boredom is associated with several internalizing and externalizing problems. Addressing existing research gaps in the field, the present study investigated the map of cognitive processes for boredom, based on the rational emotive behaviour therapy model (REBT).

    Aims:

    The general aim of the study was to investigate the organization of irrational and rational evaluative cognitions related to boredom, and the association between boredom and depression symptoms and state/trait anxiety.

    Methods:

    The 233 participants (84% women) completed online scales of evaluative cognitions, trait boredom, trait/state anxiety and depression. Multiple mediation models via the SPSS extension PROCESS were employed.

    Results:

    The REBT psychopathology and psychological health models were partially confirmed, as the evaluative primary cognitions predicted positively and significantly the secondary ones in both cases. Low frustration tolerance (LFT) and global evaluations (GE), and frustration tolerance (FT), respectively, had significant effects. We found a positive significant association between boredom proneness and the negative dysfunctional emotions investigated.

    Conclusions:

    Both results offer further support for the hierarchy of cognitions and the distinction between the level of irrationality and rationality in REBT. This is the first attempt to assess a cognitive map of boredom, underlining the importance of (L)FT in relation to boredom. The significance of GE in boredom suggests that people might see themselves responsible, or even blame themselves, others or life itself while bored. The associations of boredom with anxiety and depression are relevant, as its role in those contexts is not yet fully understood.

  • REBT with context of basic psychological needs: RESD-A Scale

  • Murat Artiran, Omer Faruk Simsek, Martin Turner
  • Journal:
    Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy / Volume 48 / Issue 5 / September 2020
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    13 April 2020, pp. 598-614
    Print publication:
    September 2020
  • Background:

    Accurate psychometrics benefit from assessing given constructs within specifically defined contexts. The assessment of context-specific irrational beliefs as put forth in rational emotive behaviour therapy (REBT), under the three basic psychological needs described in self-determination theory (SDT), represents a new path for research. Under the umbrella of ‘positive psychology’, a new scale for adolescents combining REBT and SDT is the first step towards conceptualizing irrational beliefs within the three basic psychological needs. The integration of REBT and SDT would provide a more fully integrated view of adolescent mental health, and as such could provide a more cost-effective approach for preventing cognitive, emotive and behavioural disturbances in young people.

    Aims:

    The main aim of this paper is to outline the development and validation of the Rational Emotive Self Determination Scale for Adolescents (RESD-A), which measures irrational beliefs about the three basic psychological needs (autonomy, competence and relatedness).

    Method:

    To achieve this main study aim, we report the results of four studies that test the factor structure, internal consistency, construct, predictive validity, and test–re-test reliability of the 51-item RESD-A, within samples of Turkish adolescents.

    Results:

    Data analyses confirmed the theoretical expectations and yielded promising results for the validity and reliability of the RESD-A.

    Conclusions:

    The results suggest that assessment of irrational beliefs in the context of autonomy, competence and relatedness is possible and valuable for the treatment of adolescents.

  • The factor structure and composite reliability of the Profile of Emotional Distress

  • Philip Hyland, Mark Shevlin, Gary Adamson, Daniel Boduszek
  • Journal:
    The Cognitive Behaviour Therapist / Volume 6 / 2013
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    27 November 2013, e15

  • This study provides the first assessment of the latent structure of the Profile of Emotional Distress (PED). The PED is a self-report measure of emotional distress (ED) associated strongly with its links to Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT). To date, the PED has been weakly conceptualized using both unitary and binary models of ED. In this study, the dimensionality of the PED was examined within an alternative models’ framework using confirmatory factor analysis and bifactor modelling techniques. A total of 313 law enforcement, military, and related emergency-service personnel completed the PED. Results indicated that a bifactor model conceptualization was the best fit of the data. The bifactor model included a single general factor (ED) and four grouping factors (Concern, Anxiety, Sadness, Depression). Model parameter estimates indicated that the ED factor accounts for the majority of covariance among the observable indicators. Low factor loadings were observed on each of the grouping factors, thus subscale construction is not recommended. Composite reliability results demonstrated that the ED factor possesses excellent internal reliability. The PED was found to be a reliable and valid measure of emotional distress.