Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-ndw9j Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T07:00:54.473Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

2 - The History and Philosophical Underpinnings of CBT:

The State of the Art

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 January 2022

Gillian Todd
Affiliation:
University of East Anglia
Rhena Branch
Affiliation:
University of East Anglia
Get access

Summary

This chapter discusses the philosophical and historical underpinnings of CBT. Attention is given to how CBT and REBT developed, and how these differ in terms of points of theory and intervention. Concepts such as ‘perfectionism’, ‘intolerance of uncertainty’, and ‘self-compassion’ are discussed regarding possible commonalities these approaches share with ideas posited by early theorists. Specific attention is given to Ellis’s ABC model of personality and how it is currently utilized within CBT. Recent developments within CBT such as ACT are included. Protocol-driven CBT and the possible implications for quality of CBT training (e.g., Improving Access to Psychological Treatments, UK training courses) are included.

Type
Chapter
Information
Evidence-Based Treatment for Anxiety Disorders and Depression
A Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Compendium
, pp. 6 - 26
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2022

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Recommended Reading

David, D. (2014). Rational emotive behavior therapy. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Dryden, W. (Ed.). (2012). Cognitive behaviour therapies. Sage.Google Scholar
Ellis, A. (1994). Reason and emotion in psychotherapy: A comprehensive method of treating human disturbances. Citadel.Google Scholar
Robertson, D. (2018). The philosophy of cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT): Stoic philosophy as rational and cognitive psychotherapy. Routledge.Google Scholar

References

Abelson, R. P., & Rosenberg, M. J. (1958). Symbolic psycho-logic: A model of attitudinal cognition. Behavioural Science, 3(1), 113.Google Scholar
Addis, M. E., Cardemil, E. V., Duncan, B. L., & Miller, S. D. (2006). Does manualization improve therapy outcomes? In Norcross, J. C., Beutler, L. E., & Levant, R. F. (Eds.), Evidence-based practices in mental health: Debate and dialogue on the fundamental questions (pp. 131160). American Psychological Association.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arch, J. J., & Craske, M. G. (2008). Acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety disorders: Different treatments, similar mechanisms? Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 15(4), 263279.Google Scholar
BABCP. (2018). IAPT therapist funding and stated mental health policy. www.babcp.com/About/Press/IAPT-therapist-funding-and-stated-mental-health-policy.aspxGoogle Scholar
Bandura, A. (1969). Principles of behaviour modification. Holt, Rinehart and Winston.Google Scholar
Bandura, A. (1977). Social learning theory. Prentice-Hall.Google Scholar
Barlow, D. H. (1988). Anxiety and its disorders. Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Beck, A. T. (1967). Depression: Clinical, experimental and theoretical aspects. Hoeber Medical Division.Google Scholar
Beck, A. T. (1970). Depression: Causes and treatment. University of Pennsylvania Press.Google Scholar
Beck, A. T. (1991). Cognitive therapy and the emotional disorders. Penguin.Google Scholar
Beck, A. T., Brown, G. K., & Steer, R. A. (1996). Beck Depression Inventory®-II (BDI®-II). www.pearsonassessments.com/Google Scholar
Beck, A. T., Rush, J. A., Shaw, B. F., & Emery, G. (1979). Cognitive therapy of depression. Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Beck, A. T., & Steer, R. A. (1993a). Beck Anxiety Inventory® (BAI®). www.pearsonassessments.com/Google Scholar
Beck, A. T., & Steer, R. A. (1993b). Beck Hopelessness Scale® (BHS®). www.pearsonassessments.com/Google Scholar
Beck, J. (2011). Cognitive behavior therapy: Basics and beyond. Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Biglan, A., & Hayes, S. C. (1996). Should the behavioral sciences become more pragmatic? The case for functional contextualism in research on human behaviour. Applied and Preventive Psychology, 5(1), 4757.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bottesi, G., Ghisi, M., Carraro, E., Barclay, N., Payne, R., & Freeston, M. H. (2016). Revising the intolerance of uncertainty model of generalized anxiety disorder: Evidence from UK and Italian undergraduate samples. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 1723.Google Scholar
Clark, D. M. (1986). A cognitive approach to panic. Behaviour Research Therapy, 24(4), 461470.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Clarke, I. (2018). The case for CBT: A practical perspective from the NHS frontline. In Loewenthal, D. & Proctor, G. (Eds.), Why not CBT? Against and for CBT revisited (pp. 362373). PCCS Books.Google Scholar
Cristea, I. A., Stefan, S., David, O., Mogoase, C., & Dobrean, A. (2015). REBT in the treatment of anxiety disorders in children and adults. Springer International Publishing.Google Scholar
David, D. (2014). Rational emotive behavior therapy. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
David, D., & Hofmann, S. (2013). Another error of Descartes? Implications for the ‘third wave’ cognitive-behavioural therapy. Journal of Cognitive and Behavioral Psychotherapies, 13(1), 111121.Google Scholar
David, D., & Montgomery, G. H. (2011). The scientific status of psychotherapies: A new evaluative framework for evidence-based psychosocial interventions. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 18(2), 8999.Google Scholar
David, D., Szentagotai, A., Eva, K., & Macavei, B. (2005). A synopsis of rational-emotive behaviour therapy (REBT): Fundamental and applied research. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behaviour Therapy, 23(3), 175221.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DiGiuseppe, R. (1991). Comprehensive cognitive disputing in RET. In Bernard, M. (Ed.), Using rational-emotive therapy effectively: A practitioner’s guide (pp. 173195). Plenum.Google Scholar
DiGiuseppe, R., & Linscott, J. (1993). Philosophical differences among cognitive behavioral therapists: Rationalism, constructivism, or both? Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 7(2), 117130.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DiGiuseppe, R., & Tafrate, R. C. (2010). Understanding anger disorders. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Dryden, W. (1987). Counselling individuals: The rational emotive approach. Taylor and Francis.Google Scholar
Dryden, W. (1993). Overcoming anger: When anger helps and when it hurts. Sheldon.Google Scholar
Dryden, W. (1994). Overcoming guilt. Sheldon.Google Scholar
Dryden, W. (1997). Overcoming shame. Sheldon Press.Google Scholar
Dryden, W. (2005). Overcoming jealously. Sheldon Press.Google Scholar
Dryden, W. (2007). Overcoming hurt. Sheldon.Google Scholar
Dryden, W. (2012a). Rational emotive behaviour therapy. In Dryden, W. (Ed.), Cognitive behaviour therapies (pp. 189215). Sage.Google Scholar
Dryden, W. (2012b). The ‘ABCs’ of REBT I: A preliminary study of errors and confusions in counselling and psychotherapy textbooks. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behaviour Therapy, 30(3), 133172.Google Scholar
Dryden, W. (2013a). The ABCs of REBT revisited: Perspectives on conceptualization. Springer.Google Scholar
Dryden, W. (2013b). Unconditional self-acceptance and self-compassion. In Bernard, M. (Ed.), The strength of self-acceptance: Theory, practice and research (pp. 107120). Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dryden, W., & Branch, R. (2008). The fundamentals of rational emotive behaviour therapy: A training handbook (2nd ed.). Wiley.Google Scholar
Dugas, M., & Robichaud, M. (2007). Cognitive behavioural treatment for generalised anxiety disorder: From science to practice. Routledge.Google Scholar
Egan, S. J., Wade, T. D., Shafran, R., & Antony, M. M. (2014). Cognitive behavioural treatment of perfectionism. Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Ellis, A. (1958). Rational psychotherapy. The Journal of General Psychology, 59(1), 3549.Google Scholar
Ellis, A. (1962). Reason and emotion in psychotherapy. Citadel Press.Google Scholar
Ellis, A. (1978a). Discomfort anxiety: A new cognitive-behavioral construct. BMA Audiotapes.Google Scholar
Ellis, A. (1978b). Rational-emotive theory. In Corsini, R. J. (Ed.), Readings in current personality theories (pp. 297311). F. E. Peacock.Google Scholar
Ellis, A. (1980). Rational-emotive therapy and cognitive behaviour therapy: Similarities and differences. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 4(4), 325340.Google Scholar
Ellis, A. (1993). Better, deeper, and more enduring brief therapy: The rational emotive behaviour therapy approach. Routledge.Google Scholar
Ellis, A. (1994). Reason and emotion in psychotherapy: A comprehensive method of treating human disturbances. Citadel.Google Scholar
Ellis, A. (2001). Behaviour psychotherapy: Rational and emotive. In Smelser, N. J. & Baltes, P. B. (Eds.), International encyclopaedia of the social and behavioural sciences (pp. 10721076). Pergamon.Google Scholar
Ellis, A. (2005a). Discussion of Christine A. Padesky and Aaron T. Beck, ‘Science and Philosophy: Comparison of Cognitive Therapy and Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy’. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 19(2), 181185.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ellis, A. (2005b). The myth of self-esteem: How rational emotive behaviour therapy can change your life forever. Prometheus Books.Google Scholar
Ellis, A. (2007). Unconditionally accepting yourself. Albert Ellis Institute.Google Scholar
Ellis, A. (2010). A guide to rational living [Film]. Thinking Allowed Productions.Google Scholar
Ellis, A., Abrams, M., & Abrams, L. (2009). Personality theories: Critical perspectives. Sage.Google Scholar
Ellis, A., Sichel, J. L., Yeager, R. J., Dimattia, D. J., & DiGiuseppe, R. (1989). Rational-emotive couples therapy. Pergamon Press.Google Scholar
Fennell, M., & Jenkins, H. (2010). Low self-esteem. In Bennett-Levy, J. et al. (Eds.), Oxford guide to behaviour experiments in cognitive therapy (pp. 413430). Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Foa, E. B., Hembree, E. A., & Rothbaum, B. O. (2007). Prolonged exposure therapy for PTSD: Emotional processing of traumatic experiences. Therapist Guide. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Graver, M. R. (2007). Stoicism and emotion. University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Greenberger, D., Padesky, C. A., & Beck, A. (2015). Mind over mood: Change how you feel by changing the way you think (2nd ed.). Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Hayes, S. C. (2002). Buddhism and acceptance and commitment therapy. Cognitive and Behavioural Practice, 9(1), 5866.Google Scholar
Hayes, S. C. (2004). Acceptance and commitment therapy, relational frame theory, and the third wave of behavioural and cognitive therapies. Behaviour Therapy, 35(4), 639665.Google Scholar
Hayes, S. C., & Hofmann, S. G. (2017). The third wave of cognitive behavioural therapy and the rise of process-based care. World Psychiatry, 16(3), 245246.Google Scholar
Hayes, S. C., Luoma, J. B., Bond, F. W., Masuda, A., & Lillis, J. (2006). Acceptance and commitment therapy: Model, processes and outcomes. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44(1), 125.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hayes, S. C., Strosahl, K. D., & Wilson, K. G. (2012). Acceptance and commitment therapy: The process and practice of mindful change (2nd ed.). Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Hofmann, S. G., Asnaani, A., Vonk, I. J. J., Sawyer, A. T., & Fang, A. (2012). The efficacy of cognitive behavioural therapy: A review of meta-analyses. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 36(5), 427440.Google Scholar
Hope, D. A., Heimberg, R. G., & Turk, C. L. (2010). Managing social anxiety: A cognitive behavioural therapy approach. Therapist Guide. Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huber, C. H., & Baruth, L. G. (1989). Rational-emotive family therapy: A systems perspective. Springer.Google Scholar
Hyland, P., & Boduszek, D. (2012). Resolving a difference between cognitive therapy and rational emotive behaviour therapy: Towards the development of an integrated CBT model of psychopathology. Mental Health Review Journal, 17(2), 104116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnsen, T. J., & Friborg, O. (2015). The effects of cognitive behavioural therapy as an anti-depressive treatment is falling: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 141(4), 747768.Google Scholar
Korzybski, A. (1958). Science and sanity: An introduction to non-Aristotelian systems and general semantic. International Non-Aristotelian Library Publishing Company.Google Scholar
Kuyken, W., Padesky, C. A., & Dudley, R. (2009). Collaborative case conceptualisation: Working effectively with clients in cognitive-behavioural therapy. Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Lazarus, R. (1991). Emotion and adaptation. Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Linehan, M. (1993). Cognitive-behavioural treatment of borderline personality disorder. Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Malkinson, R. (2011). REBT: Past, present and future. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 29(4), 257262.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mansell, W., Carey, T. A., & Tai, S. J. (2012). A transdiagnostic approach to CBT using method of levels therapy: Distinctive features. Routledge.Google Scholar
Marks, S. (2012). CBT in Britain: Historical and present. In Dryden, W. (Ed.), Cognitive behaviour therapies (pp. 124). Sage.Google Scholar
Morris, E., & Oliver, J. (2012). Acceptance and commitment therapy. In Dryden, W. (Ed.), Cognitive behaviour therapies (pp. 7092). Sage.Google Scholar
Neenan, M., & Dryden, W. (1999). Rational emotive behaviour therapy: Advances in theory and practice. Whurr.Google Scholar
Neff, K. (2003). Self-compassion: An alternative conceptualization of a healthy attitude toward oneself. Self and Identity, 2(2), 85101.Google Scholar
Neff, K. (2009). Self-compassion. In Leary, M. R. & Hoyle, R. H. (Eds.), Handbook of individual differences in social behaviour (pp. 561573). Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Neff, K. D., & Lamb, L. M. (2009). Self-compassion. In Lopez, S. (Ed.), The encyclopedia of positive psychology (pp. 864867). Blackwell.Google Scholar
NHS England. (2019). Adult improving access to psychological therapies programme. www.england.nhs.uk/mental-health/adults/iapt/Google Scholar
Padesky, C. A., & Beck, A. T. (2003). Science and philosophy: Comparison of cognitive therapy and rational emotive behaviour therapy. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 17(3), 211224.Google Scholar
Padesky, C. A., & Beck, A. T. (2005). Response to Ellis’ discussion of ‘Science and Philosophy: Comparison of Cognitive Therapy and Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy’. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 19(2), 187192.Google Scholar
Pavlov, I. P. (1955). Selected works. Foreign Languages Publishing House.Google Scholar
Persons, J. B. (2006). Case formulation-driven psychotherapy. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 13(2), 167170.Google Scholar
Rachman, S. (2015). The evolution of behaviour therapy and cognitive behaviour therapy. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 64, 18.Google Scholar
Rachman, S., Cobb, J., Grey, S., McDonald, B., Mawson, D., Sartory, G., & Stern, R. (1979). The behavioural treatment of obsessional-compulsive disorders, with and without clomipramine. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 17(5), 467478.Google Scholar
Robertson, D. J. (2018). The philosophy of cognitive therapy (CBT): Stoic philosophy as rational and cognitive psychotherapy. Routledge.Google Scholar
Roscoe, J. (2019, February). Has IAPT become a bit like Frankenstein’s monster? CBT Today.Google Scholar
Segal, Z. V., Williams, J. M. G., & Teasdale, J. D. (2001). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for depression: A new approach to preventing relapse. Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Sellars, J. (2010). Stoicism. Acumen.Google Scholar
Skinner, V., & Wrycraft, N. (2014). CBT fundamentals: Theory and cases. McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Smith, C. A. (1982). Trends in counselling and psychotherapy. American Psychologists, 37, 802809.Google Scholar
Stockdale, J. B. (1995). Thoughts of a philosophical fighter pilot. Hoover Institution Press.Google Scholar
Warren, J. (2009). The Cambridge companion to epicureanism. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Wells, A. (2009). Metacognitive therapy for anxiety and depression. Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Westbrook, D., Kennerley, H. & Kirk, J. (2012). An introduction to cognitive behaviour therapy: Skills and applications. Sage.Google Scholar
Wilding, C., & Palmer, S. (2010). Teach yourself: Beat low self-esteem with CBT. Hodder.Google Scholar
Wolpe, J. (1958). Psychotherapy by reciprocal inhibition. Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Yankura, J., & Dryden, W. (1994). Albert Ellis (Key Figures in Counselling and Psychotherapy Series). Sage.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×