It is difficult to believe that, not long ago, school bullying was a rite of passage. Little was known about the negative impact bullying had on individuals and communities before the late 1970s. Targets of bullying and their carers suffered mostly in silence. Thankfully, we have come a long way in our understanding of bullying. This chapter will focus on a deep conceptual understanding of bullying. It will include learning to differentiate the several types of bullying and their manifestations. This understanding will help you apply the techniques suggested for enhancing students’ engagement discussed throughout this book to recognise, prevent and manage bullying in your school and classroom.

This chapter provides details of the viruses associated with malignancies (HBV, HCV, HTLV1, EBV, HPVs, HHV8). It gives details of symptoms, risk factors, treatment and prevention strategies.

This Handbook brings together a global team of private law experts and computer scientists to examine the interface between private law and AI, which includes issues such as whether existing private law can address the challenges of AI and whether and how private law needs to be reformed to reduce the risks of AI while retaining its benefits.

This chapter provides a fundamental overview of the DLT in banking, emphasising the sectors present issues and fundamental industry shifts. To achieve this, the chapter will examine the principal DLTs projects and implementations in banking, categorising them into two main categories based on the type of need met: (i) products and services designed to meet the needs of financial institutions customers and (ii) internal processes and operations designed to meet the needs of financial intermediaries. As a result, the chapter concentrates on the primary features of the prevalent use cases in the sector, emphasising strengths and weaknesses.

One method for teaching creativity is to encourage students to adopt broader perspectives. Taking different perspectives provides access to a wide range of knowledge, including social categories, stereotypes, interactions, roles, and events. Prospective thinking has also proven effective by asking students to judge how probable it would be for various future events to happen to them. Examples of creative methods (cartoon captions, gestures, incongruent contexts, novel uses of parts) and types of thinking (prospective, perspective) can serve as guidelines for instructional interventions when developing curricula for improving creativity. For example, an undergraduate creative thinking course at a large Midwestern university focused on strategies to help students develop different perspectives, identify unique opportunities, generate multiple ideas to solve problems, and evaluate those ideas. One of the themes that emerged from six international studies was the role of the teacher in managing discomfort from the uncertainty of open-ended tasks.

The birth of bitcoin in the Great Recession of 2008 appealed to cypherpunks and libertarians distrustful of government. Together with copycat altcoins, the volatility of cryptoassets has drawn interest from investors and speculators who did not share in these ideals, including trustees, raising four questions. First, can cryptoassets be the subject-matter of trusts? Second, if so, how may the rules relating to validity be applied to cryptoassets? Third, is such an investment permitted under the terms and/or governing law of a particular trust? Finally, what must trustees be aware of in deciding whether to invest in this new asset class?

In this chapter, the law scholar Ebrahim Afsah outlines different implications of AI for the area of national security. He argues that while AI overlaps with many challenges to the national security arising from cyberspace, it also creates new risks, including the emergence of a superintelligence in the future, the development of autonomous weapons, the enhancement of existing military capabilities, and threats to foreign relations and economic stability. Most of these risks, however, Afsah concludes, can be subsumed under existing normative frameworks.

This introductory chapter briefly outlines the main theme of this volume, namely, to review the new opportunities and risks of digital healthcare from various disciplinary perspectives. These perspectives include law, public policy, organisational studies, and applied ethics. Based on this interdisciplinary approach, we hope that effective strategies may arise to ensure that benefits of this ongoing revolution are deployed in a responsible and sustainable manner. The second part of the chapter comprises a brief review of the four parts and fourteen substantive chapters that make up this volume.

By disseminating findings from psychological research and promoting psychological services to the public, the media serves an important function benefiting the public and our field. Psychologists early in their career can serve an important role contributors to social media, as consultants to trade media, community media outlets, or even national/international media conglomerates. We asked Dr. Phil Zimbardo to discuss his vision for the role of the media in psychology, his advice for psychologists who are contacted by the media, and also to discuss his own groundbreaking experiences with the media on behalf of psychology over the years.

Description: Governments use taxes, public spending, and other instruments to promote collective goods, determined by democratic processes. Aggregation of individual needs is obviously difficult. In the last century the need for some income redistribution, for economic stabilization and for the correction of market failures, was added to the government role. This need was assumed to be that of normal times. Fiscal rules were created to deal with this.

Risks for which the statistical probabilities of occurrence can be determined attracted attention and led to the creation of insurance markets. However, still little attention was paid to events that were uncertain or random. These events occasionally affected countries and economies, such as pandemics, famines, natural disasters, and climate change. For these, statistical probabilities could not be calculated and countries did not prepare for their possible coming. This could be considered a failure of the theory that guided government and market behavior. Global public goods or public bads were often ignored before they occurred. Some of them may have become progressively more important in recent times.

Prevalence of disease, risks, impact on fertility, Medical Eligibility Criteria 3 and 4, advantages, disadvantages, special considerations

Prevalence of disease, risks, impact on fertility, Medical Eligibility Criteria 3 and 4, advantages, disadvantages, special considerations

Prevalence of disease, risks, impact on fertility, Medical Eligibility Criteria 3 and 4, advantages, disadvantages, special considerations