Gas Liquid Chromatography was used to obtain profiles of cuticular hydrocarbons from single larvae of two species belonging to the Anopheles gambiae complex: A. gambiae and A. arabiensis. By applying discriminant analysis of hydrocarbons it was possible to separate the two populations with a 95% success rate.

The same analysis was used to achieve an average of 94% segregation among their strains. This analysis does not require preservation of specimen by liquid nitrogen or refrigeration and further identification by other procedures can be carried out on the specimens after cuticular hydrocarbon analysis. More importantly the technique permits analysis of single rather than pooled specimens used by earlier investigators.

Newly deposited Glossina morsitans morsitans larvae were chilled over ice and inoculated with 1 μ1 of either virus suspension derived from Glossina pallidipes salivary gland homogenate or sterile tsetse physiological saline. They were allowed to pupariate and then maintained at 25°C, 70% r.h. until soon after emergence when their salivary glands were examined for enlargement and presence of virus particles. Teneral G. m. morsitans which received the virus inoculum (n = 135) as larvae all became infected as revealed by gross hypertrophy of their salivary glands and ultrastructural manifestation of virus particles within the glandular epithelial cells and lumina. In the control group, which received the tsetse physiological saline (n = 91), only 1.1% of the flies showed the salivary gland enlargement, a level equivalent to the prevalence of virus infection normally detectable in the G. morsitans colony. This technique opens the way for testing the biocontrol potential of this virus. The DNA virus from G. pallidipes is clearly infective to G. morsitans morsitans, suggesting that the hypertrophied, chalky-white salivary glands, reported in various Glossina spp., are a manifestation of infection by one and the same virus.

Several strains of Hyphomycetes fungi were assayed in the laboratory to determine their pathogenicity against second instar Chilo partellus Swinhoe larvae and fifth–sixth instar Busseola fusca Fuller larvae. Pathogenic activity to both stem borers was demonstrated with Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin and Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin. B. bassiana isolates caused mortality of 3–100% of mortality in C. partellus larvae, and 30–84% in B.fusca. Strains of M.anisopliae showed a high level of virulence for both insect pests, causing mortality levels of 65–100%. Development of fungal infection appeared to take longer in B. fusca larvae (LT50 of 6.2–13.2 days) than in C. partellus (LT50 of 1.9–5.4 days). B. bassiana isolate ICIPE 4, and M. anisopliae isolates ICIPE 18 and 30, which were effective against both stem borers, outperformed the other pathogens tested. They appear to have potential for use asmicrobial agents in the control of C. partellus and B. fusca.

Seven selected cultivare of common beans Phaseolus vulgaris L. were evaluated for resistance at two sites under different weather and beanfly population pressures in the field. The indices of resistance were the number of leaf punctures, eggs, larvae and puparia and per cent dead plants. Beanfly species, Ophiomyia spencerella (Greathead) and Ophiomyia phaseoli (Tryon) infested the bean plants in the field. There were seasonal differences in the response of the cultivare to beanfly infestation attributed to differences in the level of attack of the bean crop, being highest in the non-cropping season of 1985 and lowest in the long rains of 1985. Despite the variation in results, Gip 1004 and Gip x-92 showed some resistance on the basis of their least plant mortalities and low larvae/puparia surviving on them. When the beanfly population was high enough to cause death of the bean plants, percentage plant mortality was correlated to the numbers of larvae and puparia of beanflies and it may be the best parameter for resistance.

Laboratory studies were carried out to determine the effect of high larval densities of Plodia interpunctella (Hubner) on the development and survival of the moth in two food media. Mortality was found to be higher when reared on groundnuts than on artificial diet. Mortality was between 6.6 and 13.3% when larval densities were below five larvae on 3 g of both groundnuts and the artificial diet in 75 × 25 mm tubes. At higher larval densities (10 or more larvae on 3 g of medium) mortality ranged from 22.5 to 60% on the artificial diet, and on groundnuts it was between 30 and 65%. In both media, development period was prolonged and weights of moths at emergence was lower when larval densities were greater than 10 per tube.

When high densities were experienced between the first and the fourth instars individuals had protracted development, high mortality at larval stage and reduced weights of emerged adults and those subjected to high densities only at the final instars were less significantly affected. It seems that the fourth larval instar is the stage most sensitive to high densities.

The population patterns of eggs, larvae and puparia in the bean plants and leaf punctures made by adults were investigated during cropping (March–July and October–January) and noncropping (July–October) seasons at two sites in Kenya. The beans planted in noncropping seasons had more leaf punctures, eggs, larvae and puparia than beans planted in cropping seasons. Beans planted in noncropping season attracted unusually high population from surrounding weeds as well as previous crop which cause severe damage. Under field conditions Ophiomyia spencerella Greathead and Ophiomyia phaseoli Tryon were the species of bean flies infesting the bean plants in all seasons. Both O. spencerella and O. phaseoli normally oviposited in punctures on the leaves but O. spencerella also oviposited in the stems of bean seedlings.

The effect of planting dates on beanfly infestation was investigated in successively planted bean plants during cropping seasons. The population tended to build up in the course of the season following the initial invasion by egg-laying females. Ophiomyia spencerella (Greathead) and Ophiomyia phaseoli (Tryon) were the species of beanflies infesting the bean plants in all seasons. The number of beanfly leaf punctures, eggs, larvae and puparia were more in late planted than early planted bean crop. The bean crop planted late in the season was severely damaged due to the generally higher population levels which had been building up in the course of the season.

De nombreux travaux portant sur l'absorption directe et l'utilisation métabolique des substances organiques dissoutes et en particulier les acides aminés libres chez les larves de bivalves ont été entrepris ces dernières années. En ce qui concerne le glucose, constituant majeur des sucres dans le milieu marin, les résultats obtenus jusqu'à présent ont porté essentiellement sur les mécanismes d'absorption des larves d'invertébrés marins. Dans ce travail on étudie le rôle trophique du glucose dissous dans la nutrition des véligères de Mytilus edulis. En présence d'algues Phaeodactylum tricornutum, le glucose à des concentrations de 5.6 et 56 nmol/dm3 augmente le taux de filtration de 26 % et le taux d'ingestion de 10 %. Au contraire, aux fortes concentrations de 2,8 μmol/dm3 on assiste à une réduction du taux de filtration de 18 % et du taux d'ingestion de 10 %. De plus, l'utilisation de deux traccurs (algues marquées au 14C et glucose marqué au 3H) a permis de constater que la diminution de l'ingestion de cellules, observée en présence de 2,8 μmol/dm3 est accompagnée d'une augmentation d'absorption de glucose. A 2,8 μmol/dm3, sa contribution énergétique est estimée à 11,6 % du coût énergétique total correspondant à 34.5 % de l'énergie de la respiration. Cela met en évidence le rôle métabolique du glucose dissous lorsque les larves n'ont pas suffisament de cellules algales vivantes à leur disposition.

The presence of larvae in cowpea seeds affects the number of eggs laid and seed choice for oviposition by females of Callosobruchus maculatus (F.). Gravid females can discriminate between seeds with differing number of larvae before oviposition. Seeds bearing no larva or few larvae were preferred for oviposition to those bearing greater number of larvae. In addition, seeds bearing younger larvae were preferred for oviposition to those bearing older larvae. The results are discussed in relation to observations on oviposition behaviour of C. maculatus reported by earlier workers.

La larve de Thremma tellae est décrite pour la première fois, par comparaison avec celle de Thremma gallicum, dont elle se distingue nettement par quelques particularités morphologiques. Son fourreau et son comportement constructeur constituent les caractères les plus originaux. Les auteurs donnent également quelques remarques biogéographiques et écologiques.

Crassostrea gigas larvae were collected in the bay of Arcachon in July 1985, 1986 and 1987. Larval samples were collected daily at high tide, during at least the first 12 days of pelagic life and every hour during 1 day and night cycle, 6 days after spawning. Epifluorescence microscopy was used for detecting ingestion and digestion of nanoplankton and thin sections were made to try to determine the algal species ingested. The first algal uptake occurred 48 hours after fertilization. and different stages or digestion were noted from the 3rd day. No relationship between ingestion or digestion and the age of the veligers was observed. There was no difference in the feeding activity during day and night. Because the nutrition index was high (70%) the feeding behaviour of the larvae was apparently normal. Nevertheless the intensity of algal uptake was weak. The presence of diatoms in the digestivetract suggests that the Bacillariophyceae play a significant role in the nutrition of veligers in nature.