Chapter Two summarizes the compliance literature on international relations and international law, addressing both theoretical and empirical work. This literature can be divided into two groups: The first group explores why states comply with international law and is generally associated with the primary schools of international relations theory. The study may confirm or illustrate the applicability of aspects of one or more of these theories, although that is not necessary for it to be valuable in illuminating the motivations that affect policymakers and states. The second group within the compliance literature examines more closely how states comply at the domestic level and focuses on domestic policymaking within the United States government. In this regard, the chapter concentrates on two similar normative and process-oriented approaches. The first, the international legal process approach, is drawn from international legal scholarship; the second is primarily drawn from constructivist international relations theory, and was developed primarily by Wayne Sandholtz and Christopher Whytock, among others. Both approaches emphasize the role of internalized norms and the importance of process and organizational structure in decision-making. They are, accordingly, helpful in understanding the effect of legal norms, lawyers, and process in State Department decision-making.

Chapter 8 summarizes the arguments presented throughout the book and closes with a consideration of the implications of the evidence presented for our understanding of metaphor, language, and cognition.

This ‘avanti’ briefly highlights how the possibilities presented in the book serve as a starting point, which can be carried forward by educators, students, researchers, and anyone interested in working toward more promising educational futures.

Chapter 6 takes stock of several insights that follow from the previous five chapters. One set of insights concerns expectations of a left-wing turn. Such expectations overlook the filtering role of fairness beliefs and fail to account for the redistribution to facet of redistributive preferences. Once these blind spots are accounted for, there are few reasons to expect a systematic relationship between an increase in income inequality and demand for redistribution. Another set of insights speaks to mass attitudinal change: The argument presented in the previous chapters points to factors that have received limited attention in political economy, including fiscal stress, survey design, and long-term partisan dynamics. One factor, immigration-induced ethnic diversity, is conspicuous by its absence. Part of the disconnect between inequality and support for redistribution could be due to hostility to immigrants. This chapter concludes by proposing several amendments to this line of reasoning, which, jointly, explain why, in this book, immigration-induced diversity ultimately takes a back seat.

This chapter introduces the book’s main research question, that is, the fact that rising inequality does not appear to benefit an egalitarian redistributive agenda. It shows how, in Great Britain, despite a sharp rise in income inequality, agreement with the claim that the government should redistribute income from the rich to the poor has decreased over time. In the United States, overall stability in mass support for redistribution hides a decline in the attitudinal gap between the high- and low-income respondents, despite expectations that this gap should increase with income inequality. How can this empirical evidence be reconciled with reasonable assumptions underpinning expectations of rising support for redistribution? Under what conditions can attitudes toward redistributive social policies change and act as a countervailing force to rising inequality? The remainder of the chapter lays out the book's answers to these questions and presents the empirical strategy. A central claim is that attitudes toward redistributive social policies are shaped by at least two motives, material self-interest and fairness reasoning, and that the relative importance of each is situational.

This concluding chapter summarizes this book’s main contributions to researchers’ understanding of this multifaceted response to rising inequality. It then highlights important take aways for policymakers and researchers and concludes with informed – if more speculative – insights regarding the future of redistributive politics in postindustrial democracies.

The Introduction presents the themes, scope, and arguments of the book, and it gives an overview of its structure. There is also a note on terminology.

The final chapter concludes by first re-outlining the book’s central arguments. The chapter then revisits how the preceding chapters help shed new theoretical light on the source of regulatory barriers while also answering several empirical puzzles, including why similar risks frequently receive dissimilar regulatory treatment, why some nations impose more precautionary regulatory rules than others, and finally what is behind some of the most contentious agricultural trade barriers. Finally, the chapter explores the ethical implications of the book’s central findings and offers several concrete policy recommendations for addressing both the broader information asymmetry problems outlined in the book and the resulting biases that were identified.

The Conclusion identifies that the insights into survivors’ meanings and experiences as they relate to the giving of narrative, their perspectives on freedom, the effects of slavery on identity and trauma, and the challenges of recovery are merely the start of a conversation, an opening for further analysis and research. The books’ findings reinforce the need to develop survivor-centric frameworks constructed in the context of survivors own lived experiences and which engage with survivor activism and argues for a transformation in the way that narratives are gathered and presented, and in which survivors are able to participate in the antislavery sector. The Conclusion explores the need to address the gendered discourse on sexual slavery and revisit estimations; to consider slavery survivors’ trauma as a distinct group; to evaluate the effectiveness of global recovery programmes; understand the trauma of survivor activism; and to identify best practice and the most effective tools for psychological support.

This chapter focus on a description of pathways undertaken to transfer the UNCD film technology from the laboratory into the market, through Original Biomedical Implants (OBI-USA) and OBI-México, founded by O. Auciello and colleagues. Topics discussed in this chapter include: 1) Summary of regulatory pathways in different regions of the worldfor approval of medical devices and prostheses; 2) description of pathway to bring to the market a UNCD-coated microchip (artificial retina) implantable inside the eye to restore partial vision to blind people), 2) description of the process to bring to the market a new generation of long life superior performance UNCD-coated prostheses (artificial hips, knees, dental implants, and more); 3) description of pathway to bring into the market a novel retina reattachment process using combined UNCD-coated magnet outside the eye and injection of super-paramagnetic nanoparticles inside the eye, pushing the retina backon to the inner eye’ layer, when attracted by the magnetic field created by the external magnet.

Paratexts of all kinds became more significant as antiquity wore on. The Homeric epics, for example, and Herodotus’ Histories were not originally divided into books; the canonical book divisions were made only in the Hellenistic period. Despite evidence for the spread of paratexts, editors and scholars often ignore them. They do so, in part, because paratexts are inherently unstable texts; and yet, as ephemeral products of their own literary culture, paratexts provide precious evidence for how poetry was read at any given time or place. The first goal of this chapter is to the collate evidence for section headings, illustrations, and prefaces being produced for poetic texts in the East and West in Late Antiquity in Latin and in Greek. The second goal is to compare their use in each tradition and to analyze where the cultures either converged or departed in their use of paratexts. The evidence collated reveals that new paratextual forms appear around the same time in Greek and Latin, but that there are also separate developments in each tradition.

The conclusion summarises the main points developed in the book, and provides more explicit answers to the questions posed at the beginning. From a large-scale perspective, the role of the printing press on the development of Early Modern English spelling was not only undoubtedly important; it was, I conclude, the primary agent responsible for shaping and disseminating a modern graphemic standard over the sixteenth and the seventeenth centuries. In theoretical terms, the patterns of development detected in my case studies suggest something peculiar about spelling standardisation in Early Modern English. Underneath the umbrella of standardisation, there are multiple processes of large-scale regularisation, which in turn are the motor of spelling standardisation itself. The history of Early Modern English spelling is not just part of a history of standard orthography, but also, perhaps even especially, a history of individual spellings. The chapter ends with suggestions for future research and some considerations about the relationship between the findings made in my piece of research and those from previous contributions.

This book discussed the main trends and challenges in digital entrepreneurship while also considering specific industry case studies, especially in fintech, manufacturing and fashion. Moreover, alongside the arguments it presented, this book provided an understanding of technologies such as social media, the Internet of Things and blockchain as well as innovation as a specific attitude, all of which it identified as being integral to successful entrepreneurship. Thus, it looked at how large organizations innovate through the acquisition of start-ups and/or the creation of innovation hubs to sustain their competitive advantage in the market. The chapter also offered some final discussions as well as concluding remarks derived from the digital trends and practices analyzed in this volume.

Summary of findings regarding the 10 rules identified.

In the concluding chapter, I summarise again the central argument of the book and the evidence I have offered at various stages in support of it. I take care to set out the limitations of this argument as well as its conclusions: the limited set of reasons, to which psychopaths are not responsible for responding, and the limited class of people to whom my conclusions apply, namely those who have a severe lack of empathy stemming from birth or childhood. Finally, I point to some issues which would require additional argument: whether society would be justified in pre-emptively incarcerating psychopaths, and whether people who exhibit psychopathic traits to a lesser degree might as a result have diminished responsibility.

Chapter 9 provides an overview contrasting the distinct empirical approaches, including their characteristics as well as their strengths and weaknesses. Based on this summary, we discuss how the subdisciplines are empirically intertwined and how the findings of each subdiscipline contribute to the overall understanding of the complexity of human language. Finally, the chapter outlines some trends in linguistics and provides exercises to reflect on interfaces across the discipline and interdisciplinarity.

The book is summarised by reviewingthe topics discussed and practised. It then motivates the software testing process used in the book by tracing all the steps backwards based on the data required by each step. We further provide additional reading material, categoriesed by important topics such as random testing, program proving, testing safety-critical software, etc. The chapter closes with a glimpse into current 'hot' research topics.

This contribution is designed to give an overview of the political history of Italy in the ninth century. As the other contributions in this voume are to be far more precise about certain aspects, the aim of this chapter is mainly to provide a grid on which the reader can get easy access to the developments in Italy in this period. The chapter thus starts with Charlemagne's policy in Italy, but then quickly moves on to Louis the Pious and his son, Lothar I. The main focus is then on the rule of Louis II, whose tenure can be seen as the pinnacle of Carolingian influence on Italian soil. An epiloge then provides the most important developments into the tenth century.

This chapter summarizes the results and concludes by pointing out two limitations of the volume. Overall continuity has prevailed in the protest arena during the Great Recession. Neither during the shock period nor during the period of the Euro-crisis has this deep economic crisis led to a general return of economic protest across Europe, nor has it led to a transformation of the action repertoire of the protestors in the streets. Southern Europe has been different, because it experienced a double crisis – economic and political, which expressed itself in a tremendous wave of protest above all in Greece, but also in Spain and to a lesser extent in Portugal. In Italy, we saw more of the business as usual that characterized the protest arena in the rest of Europe. The main effect of the protest wave that swept through southern Europe has been the transformation of the party systems in the respective countries. New challenger parties rose up, party systems fragmented and coalition formation became difficult. The focus of the volume on protest in the streets is limited in two respects: On the one hand, with the rise of new challenger parties from the left and the right, protest politics are shifting into the electoral arena, which we have not analysed in this volume. On the other hand, protest politics may be increasingly influenced by the new opportunity structure provided by the information communication technologies (ICTs), which was not the focus of our study either.

The Indo-Islamic world: What it is and how it came about, its geographical range and foundations, the origins and spread of agriculture and settled society, its world-historical context, the medieval centuries, and the transformations of the early modern centuries.