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A more complex initial setup could be constructed for experimental or numerical studies. Many distinct initial interfacial perturbations may be set up: the standard and inverted chevron shapes, enlarged double-bump, V, W, and sawtooth. The so-called "inclined shock tube" method of perturbing the fluid interface is created by inclining the shock tube with respect to the gravitational field. Tilted tank experiments consist of a tank filled with light fluid above heavy, which is then tilted onto one side of the apparatus. These experiments provide two-dimensional data for mix model development.
This chapter examines the Chinese controversy over “Jeep girls,” referring to women who socialized, sometimes intimately, with American soldiers during and after World War II. While conservatives maligned “Jeep girls” out of racial and sexual anxieties, liberals and self-identified Jeep girls invoked the language of modernity and patriotism. However, in the wake of the Peking Rape incident in 1946, the once diverse debate quickly ended as nationwide protests raged against American imperialism. Delving into various archives and periodicals from both countries, this research uncovers the complexities of Chinese women’s experiences and their stories, which have been muffled or filtered through patriarchal agendas.
In this chapter we review advanced psychometric methods for examining the validity of self-report measures of attitudes, beliefs, personality style, and other social psychological and personality constructs that rely on introspection. The methods include confirmatory-factor analysis to examine whether measurements can be interpreted as meaningful continua, and measurement invariance analysis to examine whether items are answered the same way in different groups of people. We illustrate the methods using a measure of individual differences in openness to political pluralism, which includes four conceptual facets. To understand how the facets relate to the overall dimension of openness to political pluralism, we compare a second-order factor model and a bifactor model. We also check to see whether the psychometric patterns of item responses are the same for males and females. These psychometric methods can both document the quality of obtained measurements and inform theorists about nuances of their constructs.
This chapter is a reading of the scouts episode (Numbers 13–14). It begins life within the triumphant annalistic version of the wilderness narrative as a positive reconnaissance mission that preceded the conquest of Canaan in Numbers 21. It became a complaint episode when the wilderness narrative was reemplotted as a tragedy, with key features as defined by Aristotle, including error, reversal, recognition, and pathos, as well as a character (Caleb) who steps into the action in order to offer perspective that might help avoid a pathetic ending. The allegorical mode of the wilderness narrative remains active, as Caleb represents Zerubbabel, the Davidide in whom Haggai and Zechariah placed their hope for a restored temple. The return of an actual king was unlikely under Persian rule, but the tragic version of the wilderness narrative uses kingship discourse in order to frame this vision in terms of land, as the series of independent inheritances in Joshua 18–19 is transformed into a bounded territory dominated by Judah and inflected with Davidic resonances.