This book draws upon a roughly decade-long research project undertaken as a graduate student and postdoctoral researcher at the University of Oxford. The intellectual inquiry driving this research first took root in the summer of 2013 as the campaign for the 2014 Lok Sabha election was gaining momentum. As Narendra Modi was appointed as, first, the chairman of the BJP's campaign coordination committee and, then, as the party's official prime ministerial candidate, it became clear that the 2014 election campaign would be like no other. In the weeks and months that followed, surreptitious and ostensibly non-partisan Facebook pages, Twitter (now X) handles, and YouTube channels amassed a cult-like fanbase and began spewing content that ranged from half-truths about the ‘Gujarat model of development’ to blatantly communal propaganda. Shared under the guise of anodyne political humour or as the legitimate rants of the angry Indian voter, this content gradually made its way to my daily social media feed and that of other urban middle-class voters. Next, shadowy organisations such as the Citizens for Accountable Governance (CAG) and India272+ emerged on the landscape seeking to recruit digital volunteers for their campaigns. 3D hologram rallies and a countrywide digital ‘Chai Pe Charcha’ arrived hot on the heels. Friends, family members and former classmates who were once entirely aloof from the humdrum rhythm of Indian politics were now active participants and spectators of the campaign, enthusiastically imbibing the BJP's digital propaganda. It is with this purpose—to better understand what went behind the making of India's first ‘social media election’—that I began data collection in the summer of 2014. However, social media, as my fieldwork would soon lead me to discover, was only the tip of the iceberg.

Gradually, the object of my inquiry expanded to encompass a wider network of actors, institutions and practices that have come to redefine the contours of election campaigns in India. This was the world of campaign strategists, political consultants, pollsters and social media trolls. I also realised that this could no longer be narrated as a story about the BJP alone; this was about a new grammar of election campaigns that had been adopted by nearly all political parties in Indi

Chapter 13, Germany will collapse (June 19 - July 10) begins with everyone’s eyes on Germany where the uncertainty about the French position towards the Hoover plan increases every day. More generally, politics comes to play a larger role, as Norman increasingly emphasizes that it’s about politics, and Harrison has to take Hoover’s plan into account. At the same time leadership in the epistemic community of central bankers shifts away from Norman toward Harrison, who enters into a dialogue with French central bankers. Tensions arise between Norman and Harrison, as the begin to subscribe to divergent narratives of the situation and what needs to be done. In Germany, the situation gets more concerning by the hour, and Hans Luther travels to London and Paris in an unsuccessful attempt to secure a giant credit to the Reichsbank.

The chapter demonstrates that selecting an object of study is a consequential part of doing discourse analysis. Selecting an object of study requires considering many planning and analytic issues that are often neglected in introductory books on discourse analysis. This chapter reviews many of these planning and analytic issues, including how to organize and present data. After reading the chapter, readers will know how to structure an analysis; understand what data excerpts are and how to introduce them in an analysis; be able to create and present an object of study as smaller data excerpts; and know how to sequence an analysis.

A variety of standardised and validated tools and measures can provide a wealth of information to further understand a patient’s complaints, to evaluate the impact of insomnia on their life, and to screen for other disorders. This chapter provides a detailed overview of measures that a clinician can incorporate into their assessment to confirm the presence of insomnia, aid in differential and/or comorbid diagnosis, and understand broader impacts of their sleep complaint. The chapter then proceeds to describe the value of the sleep diary in an initial assessment. Finally, it encourages the reader to consider outcomes that are measurable, clinically meaningful, and matter to the patient.

This chapter addresses two works set in post-war Japan: Kazuo Ishiguro’s short story ‘The Summer After the War’ (1983) and novel An Artist of the Floating World (1986). It begins with a survey of various forces (legal, social, and political) which convinced contemporary commentators that moral sense had been left bewildered and judgements rendered ephemeral by the events of the Second World War and early Cold War, and then goes on to trace how this crisis of faith influenced the style and ethical consciousness of Ishiguro’s early fiction. Together ‘The Summer After the War’ and An Artist of the Floating World display a powerful interest in those Japanese citizens who flourished in a society operating with transient and ultimately dangerous values, and whose lives were threatened and emptied of meaning following their nation’s defeat. The chapter contains close readings of both texts and shows how subtle stylistic features contribute to their presentation of individuals endeavouring, through imaginative acts of narration, to attain absolution and stability in the face of changing moral norms and shifting geopolitical alliances.

My fieldwork uncovers the differing dynamics of the homeowner self-governance movement in three cities: In Shanghai, 94 percent of condominium communities have established homeowners’ associations (HoAs), compared with 41 percent in Shenzhen and only 12 percent in Beijing. In this chapter, I present a framework with two variables, the risk to social stability and state capacity, to explain the different styles of authoritarianism in the three cities, and examine the role of the local state in the development of HoAs.