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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 27 May 2025
In this paper, we introduce a non-homogeneous version of the generalized counting process (GCP). We time-change this process by an independent inverse stable subordinator and derive the system of governing differential–integral equations for the marginal distributions of its increments. We then consider the GCP time-changed by a multistable subordinator and obtain its Lévy measure and the distribution of its first passage times. We discuss an application of a time-changed GCP, namely the time-changed generalized counting process-I (TCGCP-I) in ruin theory. A fractional version of the TCGCP-I is studied, and its long-range dependence property is established.