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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 30 October 2001
The mechanics of walking restructured the pelvis and narrowed thebirth-canal that selected for delays in skeletal ossification.Prolonged phases of fetal maturation increased the mass and volumeof the brain relative to adult body-size, as encephalizationincreased. Thus, bipedal- walking and episodic increases in homininebody size probably triggered selection for neonatal skeletalimmaturity that led to encephalization.