Hostname: page-component-54dcc4c588-r5qjk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-09-13T07:07:23.879Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Blinded by “science”: How not to think about social problems

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 May 2011

John Dupré
John Dupré
Affiliation:
Department of Philosophy, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, Electronic mail: dupre@csli.stanford.edu
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'

Information

Type
Open Peer Commentary
Information
Behavioral and Brain Sciences , Volume 15 , Issue 2 , June 1992 , pp. 382 - 383
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1992

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Abbey, A. (1982) Sex differences in attributions for friendly behavior: Do males misperceive female friendliness? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 42:830–38. [arRT, ERA, TL]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Abbey, A. (1987) Misperceptions of friendly behavior as sexual interest: A survey of naturally occurring incidence. Psychology of Women Quarterly 11:173–94. [rRT, ERA]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Abbey, A., & Melby, C. (1986) The effects of non-verbal cues on gender differences in perception of sexual intent. Sex Roles 15:283–98. [arRT]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Abel, G. G., Barlow, D. H., Blanchard, E. & Guild, D. (1977) The components of rapists' sexual arousal. Archives of General Psychiatry 34:395–403. [aRT, ERA]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Abel, G. G., Blanchard, E., Becker, J. V. & Djenderedjian, A. (1978) Differentiating sexual aggressiveness with penile measures. Criminal Justice and Behavior 5:315–32. [aRT]Google Scholar
Administrative Office of the U. S. Courts (1988) In U. S. Bureau of Census, Statistical Abstract of the United States, Table 297. U. S. Government Printing Office. [AF]Google Scholar
Ageton, S. S. (1983) Sexual assault among adolescents. Lexington Books. [ERA]Google Scholar
Alexander, R. D. (1979a) Sexuality and sociality in humans and other primates. In: Human sexuality: A comparative and developmental perspective, ed. Katchadourian, H.. University of California Press. [arRT]Google Scholar
Alexander, R. D. (1979b) Darwinism and human affairs. University of WashingtonGoogle Scholar
Alexander, R. D. (1987a) The biology of moral systems. Aldine de Gruyter. [aRT]Google Scholar
Alexander, R. D. (1987b) The evolutionary approach to human behavior: What does the future hold? In: Human reproductive behaviour: A Darwinian perspective, ed. Betzig, L. L., Mulder, M. Borgerhoff & Turke, P. W.. Cambridge University Press (Cambridge). [rRT]Google Scholar
Alexander, R. D. (1989) The evolution of the human psyche. In: The human revolution, ed. Stringer, C. & Mellars, P.. University of Edinburgh Press. [arRT]Google Scholar
Alexander, R. D. (1990) Epigenetic rules and Darwinian algorithms: The adaptive study of learning and development. Ethology and Sociobiology 11:241–303. [aRT, CTP]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alexander, R. D. & Noonan, K. M. (1979) Concealment of ovulation, parental care, and human social evolution. In: Evolutionary biology and human social behavior: An anthropological perspective, ed. Chagnon, N. A. & Irons, W.. Duxbury Press. [aRT, AF, NMM]Google Scholar
Allgeier, E. R. & Wiederman, M. W. (1991) Love and mates selection in the 1990s. Free Inquiry 11(3):25–27. [ERA]Google Scholar
Bailey, K. (1987) Human paleopsychology. Applications to aggression and pathological processes. LEA Publishers. [IE-E]Google Scholar
Baker, R. R. & Bellis, M. A. (1988) “Kamikaze” sperm in mammals? Animal Behaviour 36:936–39. [JA]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baker, R. R. & Bellis, M. A. (1989a) Elaboration of the Kamikaze sperm hypothesis: A reply to Harcourt. Animal Behaviour 37:865–67. [JA]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baker, R. R. & Bellis, M. A. (1989b) Number of sperm in human ejaculates varies in accordance with sperm competition theory. Animal Behaviour 37:867–69. [aRT, JA]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baker, R. R. & Bellis, M. A. (1989c) Sperm competition in rats and humans: An experimental evaluation of the Kamikaze sperm hypothesis. Paper presented at Meeting of the Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour, Zoological Society of London, December. [rRT, JA]Google Scholar
Baker, R. R., Bellis, M. A. & Hudson, G. (1989) The orgasm: You've redefined it. Company Magazine September: 60–62. [JA]Google Scholar
Barbaree, H. E., Marshall, W. L. & Lanther, R. D. (1979) Deviant sexual arousal in rapists. Behavior, Research and Therapy 17:215–22. [aRT, NMM, ERA, VLQ]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Barbaree, H. E., Marshall, W. L., Yates, E. & Lightfoot, L. O. (1983) Alcohol intoxication and deviant sexual arousal in male social drinkers. Behaviour Research and Therapy 4:365–73. [rRT]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barnes, G. E., Malamuth, N. M. & Check, J. V. P. (1984a) Personality and sexuality. Personality and Individual Differences 5:159–72. [LM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barnes, G. E., Malamuth, N. M. & Check, J. V. P. (1984b) Psychotocism and sexual arousal to rape depictions. Personality and Individual Differences 5:273–79. [NMM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baron, L. (1985) Does rape contribute to reproductive success? Evaluation of sociobiological views of rape. International Journal of Women's Studies 8:266–77. [TL]Google Scholar
Bateson, P. (1983) Genes, environment and the development of behaviour. In: Animal behaviour, vol. 3. Genes, development and learning, ed. Halliday, T. R. & Slater, P. J. B.. Blackwell Scientific Publications. [NJG]Google Scholar
Bateson, P. (1985) Review: Not in our genes by Lewontin et al. (1984). New Scientist 105:58–59. [rRT]Google Scholar
Baxter, D. J., Barbaree, H. E. & Marshall, W. L. (1986) Sexual responses to consenting and forced sex in a large sample of rapists and nonrapists. Behaviour Research and Therapy 24:513–20. [VLQ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Belknap, J. (1989) The sexual victimization of unmarried women by nonrelative acquaintances. In: Violence in dating relationships: Emerging social issues, ed. Pirog-Good, M. A. & Stets, J. E.. Praeger Publishers. [aRT]Google Scholar
Bellis, M. A. & Baker, R. R. (1990) Do females promote sperm competition? Data for humans. Animal Behaviour 40:997–99. [rRT, JA, EV]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benshoof, L. & Thornhill, R. (1979) The evolution of monogamy and concealed ovulation in humans. Journal of Social and Biological Structures 2:95–106. [rRT]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Betzig, L. L. (1985) Despotism and differential reproduction: A Darwinian view of history. Aldine de Gruyter. [aRT]Google Scholar
Betzig, L., Borgerhoff Mulder, M. & Turke, P., eds. (1988) Human reproductive behavior: A Darwinian perspective. Cambridge University Press. [aRT]Google Scholar
Bible, The Oxford Annotated Revised Standard Version (1965) Numbers 31:7, 9–12, 14–18, 32–35; Deuteronomy 21:10–14, 22:23–29; Genesis 34:1–4, 7–16, 20–22, 24–29, 19:2–8; Judges 19:1, 14–29. [JH]Google Scholar
Bixler, R. (1980) Nature versus nurture: The timeless anachronism. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly 26:153–59. [RHB]Google Scholar
Bixler, R. (1986) Of apes and men (including females!). Journal of Sex Research 22:255–67. [RHB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bixler, R. (1992a; submitted) Why littermates don't: The avoidance of inbreeding depression. Annual Review of Sex Research. [RHB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bixler, R. (1992b) Do we/should we behave like animals? In: The sexual abuse of children: Theory, research and therapy, ed. O'Donohue, W. & Geer, J.. Erlbaum. [RHB]Google Scholar
Blader, J. C. & Marshall, W. L. (1984) The relationship between cognitive and erectile measures of sexual arousal in non-rapist males as a function of depicted aggression. Behaviour Research and Therapy 22:623–30. [arRT, LM, NMM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Blakemore, C. & Cooper, G. F. (1970) Development of the brain depends on the visual environment. Nature 228:477–78. [NJG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Briddell, D. W., Rimm, D. C., Caddy, G. R., Krawitz, G., Sholis, D. & Wunderlin, R. J. (1978) Effects of alcohol and cognitive set on sexual arousal to deviant stimuli. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 87:418–30. [arRT, NMM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brown, D. (1991) Human universals. McGraw-Hill. [rRT]Google Scholar
Brownmiller, S. (1975) Against our will: Men, women, and rape. Simon & Schuster; Bantam Books. [arRT, SB]Google Scholar
Brundage, J. A. (1987) Law, sex, and Christian society in medieval Europe. University of Chicago Press. [JJF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bumiller, K. (1991) Fallen angels: The representation of violence against women in legal culture. In: At the boundaries of law: Feminism and legal theory, ed. Fineman, M. A. & Thomadsen, N. S.. Routledge. [BMB]Google Scholar
Burian, R. M. (1983) Adaptation. In: Dimensions of Darwinism: Themes and counter themes in 20th century evolutionary theory, ed. Grene, M.. Cambridge University Press. [aRT]Google Scholar
Buss, D. M. (1987) Sex differences in human mate selection criteria: An evolutionary perspective. In: Sociobiology and psychology: Ideas, issues, and applications, ed. Crawford, C., Smith, M. & Krebs, D.. Erlbaum. [aRT]Google Scholar
Buss, D. M. (1988) From vigilance to violence: Tactics of mate retention in American undergraduates. Ethology and Sociobiology 9:291–317. [aRT, JJF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buss, D. M. (1989a) Sex differences in human mate preferences: Evolutionary hypotheses tested in 37 cultures. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 12:1–14. [aRT, ERA]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buss, D. M. (1989b) Conflict between the sexes: Strategic interference and the evocation of anger and upset. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 56:735–47. [arRT, ERA, LM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Buss, D. M. (1991a) Evolutionary personality psychology. Annual Review of Psychology 42:459–91, [LM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Buss, D. M. (1991b) Anger, sadness, jealousy and abandonment: Events producing conflict between the sexes. Presented at the Human Behavior and Evolution Society, Hamilton, Ontario, August. [LM]Google Scholar
Byers, S. E. & Lewis, K. (1988) Dating couples' disagreements over the desired level of sexual intimacy. Journal of Sex Research 24:15–29. [rRT, ERA]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cantor, N. (in press) Social psychology and sociobiology: What can we leave to evolution? Motivation and Emotion. [AF]Google Scholar
Check, J. V. P. & Malamuth, N. M. (1983) Sex role stereotyping and reactions to depictions of stranger versus acquaintance rape. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 45:344–56. [NMM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Check, J. V. P. & Malamuth, N. M. (1985) An empirical assessment of some feminist hypotheses about rape. International Journal of Women's Studies 8:414–23. [NJG]Google Scholar
Christensen, F. M. (1990) Pornography: The other side. Praeger Publishers. [TL]Google Scholar
Clark, L. M. G. & Lewis, D. J. (1977) Rape: The price of coercive sexuality. Women's Education Press. [aRT]Google Scholar
Cosmides, L. & Tooby, J. (1987) From evolution to behavior: Evolutionary psychology as the missing link. In: The latest on the best: Essays on evolution and optimality, ed. Dupre, J.. MIT Press. [aRT, CTP]Google Scholar
Cosmides, L. & Tooby, J. (1989) Evolutionary psychology and the generation of culture, part II: Case study: A computational theory of social exchange. Ethology and Sociobiology 10:51–98. [arRT]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crawford, C. & Anderson, J. (1989) Sociobiology: An environmentalist discipline? American Psychologist 44:1449–59. [arRT, LM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crawford, C. & Galdikas, B. M. F. (1986) Rape in nonhuman animals: An evolutionary perspective. Canadian Psychology 27:215–30. [rRT, CTP]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Daly, M. & Wilson, M. (1983) Sex, evolution and behavior, 2nd ed.Duxbury Press. [arRT, RHB, DP]Google Scholar
Daly, M. & Wilson, M. (1987) Evolutionary psychology and family violence. In: Sociobiology and psychology: Ideas, issues and applications, ed. Crawford, C., Smith, M. & Krebs, D.. Erlbaum. [aRT]Google Scholar
Daly, M. & Wilson, M. (1988) Homicide. Aldine de Gruyter. [arRT, RHB]Google ScholarPubMed
Daly, M., Wilson, M. & Weghorst, S. J. (1982) Male sexual jealousy. Ethology and Sociobiology 3:11–27. [aRT]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Darrach, B. & Norris, J. (1984) An American Tragedy. Life 7:58–74. [aRT]Google Scholar
Darwin, C. (1859) The origin of species (Reprinted.) Penguin. [aRT]Google Scholar
Darwin, C. (1872) The expression of the emotions in man and animals. John Murray. [MTG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dawkins, R. (1976) The selfish gene. Oxford University Press (Oxford). [PK]Google Scholar
Dawkins, R. (1980) Good strategy or evolutionarily stable strategy? In: Sociobiology: Beyond nature/nurture? ed. Barlow, G. W. & Silverberg, J.. Westview Press. [rRT]Google Scholar
Dawkins, R. (1985) Review: Not in our genes by Lewontin et al. (1984). New Scientist 105:59–60. [rRT]Google Scholar
Dawkins, R. (1986) The blind watchmaker. W. W. Norton. [arRT]Google Scholar
Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-III-R) (1987) American Psychiatric Association. [DP]Google Scholar
Dickemann, M. (1979a) Female infanticide, reproductive strategies, and social stratification: A preliminary model. In: Evolutionary biology and human social behavior: An anthropological perspective, ed. Chagnon, N. A. & Irons, W. G.. Duxbury Press. [aRT]Google Scholar
Dickemann, M. (1979b) The ecology of mating systems in hypergynous dowry societies. Biology and Social Life 18:163–95. [aRT]Google Scholar
Dickemann, M. (1981a) Paternal confidence and dowry competition: A biocultural analysis of purdah. In: Natural selection and social behavior, ed. Alexander, R. D. & Tinkle, D. W.. Chiron Press. [aRT]Google Scholar
Dickemann, M. (1981b) Female infanticide, reproductive strategies and social stratification: A preliminary model. In: Evolutionary biology and human social behavior, ed. Chagnon, N. & Irons, W.. Duxbury. [rRT]Google Scholar
Dietz, P. E., & Evans, B. (1982) Pornographic imagery and prevalence of paraphilia. American Journal of Psychiatry 139:14–39. [aRT]Google ScholarPubMed
Dominey, W. J. (1984) Alternative mating tactics and evolutionarily stable strategies. American Zoologist 24:385–96. [JA]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Draper, P. & Harpending, H. (1982) Father absence and reproductive strategy: An evolutionary perspective. Journal of Anthropological Research 38:255–73. [JA]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Draper, P. & Harpending, H. (1988) A sociobiological perspective on the development of human reproductive strategies. In: Sociobiological perspectives on human development, ed. MacDonald, K. B.. Springer-Verlag. [BBS]Google Scholar
Dupre, J., ed. (1987) The latest on the best. Bradford Books/MIT Press. [JD]Google Scholar
Dworkin, A. (1987) Intercourse. Free Press. [BBS]Google Scholar
Earls, C. M. & Marshall, W. L. (1983) The current state of technology in the laboratory assessment of sexual arousal patterns. In: The sexual aggressor: Current perspectives on treatment, ed. Greer, J. G. & Stuart, I. R.. Van Nostrand Reinhold. [aRT]Google Scholar
Eberhard, W. G. (1985) Sexual selection and animal genitalia. Harvard University Press. [rRT]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eibl-Eibesfeldt, I. (1970) Liebe und Hah. Zur naturgeschichte elementarer verhaltensweisen. Piper-Verlag. [IE-E]Google Scholar
Eibl-Eibesfeldt, I. (1971) Love and hate. Rinehart and Winston. [IE-E]Google Scholar
Eibl-Eibesfeldt, I. (1989) Human ethology. Aldine de Gruyter. [IE-E]Google Scholar
Eibl-Eibesfeldt, I. (1990) Dominance, submission, and love: Sexual pathologies from the perspective of ethology. In: Pedophilia. Biosocial dimensions, ed. Feierman, J. R.. Springer-Verlag. [IE-E]Google Scholar
Eibl-Eibesfeldt, I. & Süterlin, C. (1992) Im Banne der Angst. Zur Natur- und Kunstgeschichte menschlicher Abwehrsymbolik. Piper-Verlag. (in press) [IE-E]Google Scholar
Ellis, L. (1989) Theories of rape: Inquiries into the causes of sexual aggression. Hemisphere Publishers. [aRT, LM]Google Scholar
Ellis, L. (1991) A synthesized (biosocial) theory of rape. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 59(5):631–42. [LM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ellison, P. T. (1990) Human ovarian function and reproductive ecology: New hypothesis. American Anthropologist 92:933–52. [EV]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eysenck, H. J. (1976) Sex and personality. Open Books. [LM]Google Scholar
Eysenck, H. J. (1990) Genetic and environmental contributions to individual differences: The three major dimensions of personality. Journal of Personality 58:245–61. [LM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fagen, R. (1981) Animal play behavior. Oxford University Press. [RHB]Google Scholar
Falconer, D. S. (1981) Introduction to quantitative genetics. Longman. [aRT]Google Scholar
Farkas, G. M. (1979) Trait and state determinants of male sexual arousal to descriptions of coercive sexuality. Doctoral dissertation, University of Hawaii. [aRT]Google Scholar
Farkas, G. M., Sine, L. F., & Evans, I. M. (1978) Personality, sexuality and demographic differences between volunteers and non-volunteers for a laboratory study of male sexual behavior. Archives of Sexual Behavior 7:513–20. [aRT]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fausto-Sterling, A. (1985) Myths of gender. Basic Books. [rRT, JD]Google Scholar
Felson, R. B. & Krohn, M. (1990) Motives for rape. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 27:222–42. [arRT]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fine, M. (1989) Coping with rape: Critical perspectives on consciousness. In: Representations: Social constructions of gender, ed. Unger, R. K.. Baywood. [BMB]Google Scholar
Finkelhor, D. (1984) Child sexual abuse: New theory and research. Free Press. [aRT]Google Scholar
Finkelhor, D. & Yllo, K. (1983) Rape in marriage: A sociological view. In: The dark side of families, ed. Finkelhor, D., Gelles, R. J., Hotaling, G. T. & Straus, M. A.. Sage. [aRT]Google Scholar
Finkelhor, D. & Yllo, K. (1985) License to rape: Sexual abuse of wives. Holt, Rinehart & Winston. [aRT]Google Scholar
Flinn, M. V. (1988) Mate guarding in a Caribbean village. Ethology and Sociobiology 9:1–28. [aRT]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foucault, M. (1981) The history of sexuality, vol. 1: An introduction. (Translated by R. Hurley; Original work published in 1976). Penguin. [NJG]Google Scholar
Freedman, D. (1979) Human sociobiology. Free Press. [RHB]Google Scholar
Freud, S. (1936/1964) A disturbance of memory on the Acropolis. In: The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud, vol. XXII), ed. Strachey, J.. Hogarth Press. [BMB]Google Scholar
Frieze, I. (1980) Causes and consequences of marital rape. Paper presented at the American Psychological Association Meeting, Montreal, Canada, September. [aRT]Google Scholar
Gager, N. & Schurr, C. (1976) Sexual assault: Confronting rape in America. Grosset & Dunlap. [BMB]Google Scholar
Gagnon, J. H. (1977) Human sexualities. Scott, Foresman. [aRT]Google Scholar
Garrett, J. C., Harrison, D. W. & Kelly, P. L. (1989) Pupillometric assessment of arousal to sexual stimuli: Novelty effects of preference? Archives of Sexual behavior 18:191–201. [TL]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gavey, N. (1991a) Sexual victimization prevalence among New Zealand University students. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 59:464–66. [NJG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gavey, N. (1991b; submitted) Rape and sexual coercion within heterosexual relationships: A review of research and feminist perspectives. [NJG]Google Scholar
Gordon, M. T. & Riger, S. (1989) The female fear. Free Press. [BMB]Google Scholar
Gould, S. J. & Lewontin, R. C. (1979) The spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian paradigm: A critique of the adaptationist programme. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London 205:581–98. [JD]Google Scholar
Gowaty, P. A. (in press) Evolutionary biology and feminism. Human Nature. [NJG]Google Scholar
Grafen, A. (1988) On the uses of data on lifetime reproductive success. In: Reproductive success: Studies of individual variation in contrasting breeding systems, ed. Clutton-Brock, T. H.. University of Chicago Press. [rRT]Google Scholar
Grafen, A. & Sibly, R. (1978) A model of mate desertion. Animal Behaviour 26:645–52. [PK]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grammer, K. (1989) Human courtship behavior: Biological basis and cognitive processing. In: The sociobiology of sexual and reproductive strategies, ed. Rasa, A. E., Vogel, C. & Voland, E.. Chapman Hall. [aRT]Google Scholar
Grauerholz, E. & Koralewski, M. (1991) What is known and not known about sexual coercion. In: Sexual coercion: A sourcebook on its nature, causes and prevention, ed. Grauerholz, E. & Koralewski, M.. D.C. Heath & Co. [rRT]Google Scholar
Gray, R. D. (1987) Faith and foraging: A critique of the “paradigm argument from design.” In: Foraging behaviour, ed. Kamil, A. C., Krebs, J. R. & Pulliam, H. R.. Plenum Press. [NJG]Google Scholar
Gray, R. D. (1988) Metaphors and methods: Behavioural ecology, panbiogeography and the evolving synthesis. In: Evolutionary processes and metaphors, ed. Ho, M.-W. & Fox, S. W.. John Wiley. [NJG]Google Scholar
Greer, J. G. & Stuart, I. R., ed. (1983) The sexual aggressor: Current perspectives on treatment. Van Nostrand Reinhold. [aRT]Google Scholar
Griffin, S. (1979) Rape: The power of consciousness. Harper & Row. [BMB]Google Scholar
Gross, M. (1985) Disruptive selection for alternative life histories in salmon. Nature 313:47–48. [JA]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gross, M. (in press) Evolutionary alternative reproductive tactics and strategies. Behavioral Ecology. [rRT]Google Scholar
Groth, A. N. (1979) Men who rape: The psychology of the offender. Plenum. [aRT]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Groth, A. N. & Burgess, A. W. (1977) Sexual dysfunction during rape. The New England Journal of Medicine 297:764–66. [rRT, ERA]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hager, B. (in press) Get thee to a nunnery: Female religious claustration in Medieval Europe. Ethology and Sociobiology. [rRT]Google Scholar
Hall, J. D. (1983) The mind that burns in each body: Women, rape, and racial violence. In: Powers of desire: The politics of sexuality, ed. Snitow, A., Stansell, C. & Thompson, S.. Monthly Review Press. [BMB]Google Scholar
Hamilton, W. D. (1990) Mate choice near or far. American Zoologist 30(2):341–52. [rRT]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hammerstein, P. & Parker, G. A. (1987) Sexual selection: Games between the sexes. In: Sexual selection: Testing the alternatives, ed. Bradbury, J. W. & Andersson, M. B.. John Wiley. [rRT]Google Scholar
Harding, C. F. (1985) Sociobiological hypotheses about rape: A critical look at the data behind the hypotheses. In: Violence against women: A critique of the sociobiology of rape, ed. Sunday, S. R. & Tobach, E.. Gordian Press. [rRT, NJG, TL]Google Scholar
Harris, G. T., Rice, M. E., Quinsey, V. L., Chaplin, T. C. & Earls, C. (submitted) Maximizing the discriminant validity of phallometric data. [VLQ]Google Scholar
Harvey, P. & Pagel, M. (1991) The comparative method in evolutionary biology. Oxford University Press. [NJG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hausfater, G. & Hrdy, S. (1984) Infanticide: Comparative and evolutionary perspectives. Aldine. [RHB]Google Scholar
Horn, G. (1991) Cerebral function and behaviour investigated through a study of filial imprinting. In: The development and integration of behaviour, ed. Bateson, P.. Cambridge University Press. [NJG]Google Scholar
Howard, J. C. (1991) Disease and evolution. Nature 352:565–67. [rRT]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Howells, K. (1981) Adult sexual interest in children: Considerations relevant to theories of aetiology. In: Adult sexual interest in children, ed. Cook, M. & Howells, K.. Academic Press. [aRT]Google Scholar
Hrdy, S. (1981) The woman that never evolved. Harvard University Press. [rRT, RHB]Google Scholar
Humphrey, N. K. (1976) The social function of intellect. In: Growing points of ethology, ed. Bateson, P. P. G. & Hinde, R. A.. Cambridge University Press (Cambridge). [rRT]Google Scholar
Hunt, M. (1974) Sexual behavior in the 1970s. Playboy Press. [ERA]Google Scholar
Irons, W. (1990) Let's make our perspective broader rather than narrower. Ethology and Sociobiology 11:361–74. [CTP]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Irons, W. (1991) How did morality evolve? Zygon 26(1):49–89. [rRT]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnston, T. D. (1987) The persistence of dichotomies in the study of behavioral development. Developmental Review 7:149–82. [NJG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Katz, J. (1988) Seductions of crime: Moral and sensual attractions in doing evil. Basic Books. [AM]Google Scholar
Kelley, K. & Musialowski, D. (1986) Repeated exposure to sexually explicit stimuli: Novelty, sex, and sexual attitudes. Archives of Sexual Behavior 15:487–98. [TL]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kinsey, A. C., Pomeroy, W. B. & Martin, C. E. (1948) Sexual behavior in the human male. W. B. Saunders. [aRT]Google Scholar
Kinsey, A. C., Pomeroy, W. B., Martin, C. E. & Gebhard, P. H. (1953) Sexual behavior in the human female. W. B. Saunders. [aRT]Google Scholar
Kirkendall, L. A. (1961) Premarital intercourse and interpersonal relationships. Julian Press. [aRT]Google Scholar
Kitcher, P. (1985) Vaulting ambition: Sociobiology and the quest for human nature. MIT Press. [JD, PK]Google Scholar
Knight, L. J., Barbaree, H. E. & Boland, F. J. (1896) Alcohol and the balanced-placebo design: The role of experimenter demands in expectancy. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 95:335–40. [NMM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Konner, M. (1984) The politics of biology. Natural History 93:66–69. [rRT]Google Scholar
Koss, M. P., Gidycz, C. A. & Wisnieski, N. (1987) The scope of rape: Incidence and prevalence of sexual aggression and victimization in a national sample of higher education students. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 55:162–70. [ERA, NJG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lakatos, I. (1970) Falsification and the methodology of scientific research programmes. In: Criticism and the growth of knowledge, ed. Lakatos, I. & Musgrave, A.. Cambridge University Press. [AJF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Langevin, R. (1983) Sexual strands: Understanding and treating sexual anomalies in men. Erlbaum. [aRT]Google Scholar
Laws, D. R. & Osborn, C. A. (1983) How to build and operate a behavioral laboratory to evaluate and treat sexual deviance. In: The sexual aggressor: Current perspectives on treatment, ed. Greer, J. G. & Stuart, I. R.. Van Nostrand Reinhold. [aRT]Google Scholar
Lewontin, R. C. (1983) The organism as the subject and object of evolution. Science 118:65–82. [NJG]Google Scholar
Lewontin, R. C. (1984) Sociobiology: Another biological determinism. In: Biology as destiny: Scientific fact or social bias, ed. Science for the People Study Group. Science for the People. [AF]Google Scholar
Lewontin, R. C., Rose, S. & Kamin, L. J. (1984) Not in our genes: Biology, ideology and human nature. Pantheon Books. [rRT]Google Scholar
Leyton, E. (1986) Compulsive killers: The story of modern multiple murders. Washington News Books. [aRT]Google Scholar
Lickliter, R. & Berry, T. D. (1990) The phylogeny fallacy: Developmental psychology's misapplication of evolutionary theory. Developmental Review 10:348–64. [NJG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lockwood, D. (1980) Prison sexual violence. Elsevier. [aRT]Google Scholar
Loh, W. D. (1981) What has reform of rape legislation wrought? The Journal of Social Issues 37(4): 28–52. [AF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Low, B. (1989) Cross-cultural patterns in the training of children: An evolutionary perspective. Journal of Comparative Psychology 103:311–19. [aRT]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Maimonides, Moses (1135–1204) The hook of women (1972) Yale University Press. [JH]Google Scholar
Malamuth, N. (1981a) Rape proclivity among males. Journal of Social Issues 37:138–57. [aRT]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Malamuth, N. (1981b) Rape fantasies as a function of exposure to violent-sexual stimuli. Archives of Sexual Behavior 10:33–47. [arRT, SB, ERA, LM, NMM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Malamuth, N. (1984) Aggression against women: Cultural and individual causes. In: Pornography and sexual aggression, ed. Malamuth, N. M. & Donnerstein, E.. Academic Press. [aRT]Google Scholar
Malamuth, N. (1986) Predictors of naturalistic sexual aggression. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 56:953–62. [aRT]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Malamuth, N. (1989) The attraction to sexual aggression scale: Part two. Journal of Sex Research 26:324–54. [NMM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Malamuth, N. M. & Briere, J. (1986) Sexual violence in the media: Indirect effects on aggression against women. Journal of Social Issues 42:75–92. [aRT]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Malamuth, N. M. & Check, J. (1980a) Penile tumescence and perceptual responses to rape as a function of victim's perceived reactions. Journal of Applied Social Psychology 10:528–47. [aRT, SB, LM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Malamuth, N. M. & Check, J. (1980b) Sexual arousal to rape and consenting depictions: The importance of the woman's arousal. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 89:763–66. [aRT, NMM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Malamuth, N. M. & Check, J. (1983) Sexual arousal to rape depictions: Individual differences. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 92:55–67. [arRT, LM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Malamuth, N. M., Check, J. & Briere, J. (1986) Sexual arousal in response to aggression: Ideological, aggressive and sexual correlates. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 50:330–40. [arRT, SB, NMM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Malamuth, N. & Donnerstein, E. (1984) Pornography and sexual aggression. Academic Press. [ERA]Google Scholar
Malamuth, N. M., Feshbach, S. & Jaffe, Y. (1977) Sexual arousal and aggression: Recent experiments and theoretical issues. Journal of Social Issues 33:110–33. [NMM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Malamuth, N. M., Haber, S. & Feshbach, S. (1980) Testing hypotheses regarding rape: Exposure to sexual violence, sex differences, and the “normality” of rape. Journal of Research in Personality 14:121–37. [aRT]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Malamuth, N. M., Heim, M. & Feshbach, S. (1980) The sexual responsiveness of college students to rape depictions: Inhibitory and disinhibitory effects. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 38:399–408. [arRT]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Masters, W. H. & Johnson, V. E. (1970) Human sexual inadequacy. Little, Brown. [TL]Google Scholar
Maynard Smith, J. (1982) Evolution and the theory of games. Cambridge University Press (Cambridge). [rRT, JA, PK]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mayr, E. (1982) The growth of biological thought. Harvard University Press. [RHB]Google Scholar
Mazur, A. & Lamb, T. A. (1980) Testosterone, status, and mood in human males. Hormones and Behavior 14:236–46. [IE-E]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McDermott, M. J. (1979) Rape victimization in 26 American cities. National crime survey victimization and attitude data. U. S. Government Printing Office. [aRT, SB]Google Scholar
Meaney, M. J., Aitken, D. H., Berkel, C. V., Bhatnagar, S. & Sapolsky, R. M. (1988) Effect of neonatal handling on age-related impairments associated with the hippocampus. Science 239:766–68. [NJG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Medea, A. & Thompson, K. (1974) Against rape. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. [aRT]Google Scholar
Mitani, J. (1985) Mating behavior of male orangutans in the Kutai game reserve, Indonesia. Animal Behavior 33:392–402. [SB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mock, D. W. & Fujioka, M. (1990) Monogamy and long-term pair bonding in vertebrates. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 5:39–43. [JA]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Muehlenhard, C. L. & Cook, S. W. (1988) Men's self-reports of unwanted sexual activity. Journal of Sex Research 24:58–72. [ERA]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Muehlenhard, C. L., Friedman, D. E. & Thomas, C. M. (1985) Is date rape justifiable? The effects of dating activity, who initiated, who paid, and men's attitudes toward women. Psychology of Women Quarterly 9:297–310. [AF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Muehlenhard, C. L. & Linton, M. A. (1987) Date rape and sexual aggressiveness in dating situations: Incidence and risk factors. Journal of Counseling Psychology 34:186–96. [AF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moller, A. P. (1988) Female choice selects for male sexual tail ornaments in the monogamous swallow. Nature 332:640–42. [rRT]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Neale, M. C., Rushton, J. P. & Fulker, D. W. (1986) Heritability of item responses on the Eysenck personality questionnaire. Personality and Individual Differences 7:771–79. [LM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O'Sullivan, L. & Byers, S. (1990) Female use of sexual influence strategies in dating relationships. Presented at the Society for the Scientific Study of Sex. Minneapolis, MN, November (unpublished). [LM]Google Scholar
Oyama, S. (1985) The ontogeny of information: Developmental systems and evolution. Cambridge University Press (Cambridge). [rRT, NJG]Google Scholar
Oyama, S. (1989) Ontogeny and the central dogma: Do we need the concept of genetic programming in order to have an evolutionary perspective? In: Systems and development, ed. Gunnar, M. R. & Thelen, E.. Erlbaum. [NJG]Google Scholar
Palmer, C. T. (1988) Twelve reasons why rape is not sexually motivated: A skeptical examination. Journal of Sex Research 25(4):512–30. [aRT, CTP]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Palmer, C. T. (1989a) Is rape a cultural universal? A re-examination of the ethnographic evidence. Ethnology 28:1–16. [CTP]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Palmer, C. T. (1989b) Rape in nonhuman animal species: Definitions, evidence, and implications. Journal of Sex Research 26(3):355–74. [CTP]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Palmer, C. T. (1991a) Demonstrating adaptiveness in Darwinian anthropology and evolutionary psychology: The example of human rape. Presented at the Human Behavior and Evolution Society, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, August 25. [LM, CTP]Google Scholar
Palmer, C. T. (1991b) Human rape: Adaptation or by-product? Journal of Sex Research 28:365–86. [ERA, RHB, BAG, CTP]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parker, G. A. (1970) Sperm competition and its evolutionary consequences in the insects. Biological Reviews 45:525–67. [JA]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parker, G. A. (1974) Courtship persistence and female-guarding as male time-investment strategies. Behaviour 48:157–84. [JA]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parker, G. A. (1979) Sexual selection and sexual conflict. In: Sexual selection and reproductive competition in insects, ed. Blum, M. S. & Blum, N. A.. Academic Press. [rRT]Google Scholar
Parker, G. A. (1984) Sperm competition and the evolution of animal mating strategies. In: Sperm competition and the evolution of animal mating systems, ed. Smith, R. L.. Academic Press. [JA]Google Scholar
Priog-Good, M. A. & Stets, J. A., eds. (1989) Violence in dating relationships: Emerging social issues. Praeger. [aRT]Google Scholar
Polk, K., Adler, C., Bazzmore, G. et al. , (1981) Becoming adult: An analysis of maturational development from age 16 to 30 of a cohort of young men. Final report of the Marion County Youth Survey. University of Oregon. [ERA]Google Scholar
President's Commission on Obscenity and Pornography (1970) The report of the president's commission on obscenity and pornography. Bantam Books. [aRT]Google Scholar
Quinsey, V. L. (1977) The assessment and treatment of child molesters: A review. Canadian Psychological Review 18:204–20. [aRT]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Quinsey, V. L. (1984) Sexual aggression: Studies of offenders against women. In: Law and mental health: International perspectives, 1, ed. Weisstub, D.. Pergamon Press. [VLQ]Google Scholar
Quinsey, V. L. & Chaplin, T. C. (1982) Penile responses to non-sexual violence among rapists. Criminal Justice and Behavior 9:312–24. [aRT, VLQ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Quinsey, V. L. & Chaplin, T. C. (1984) Stimulus control of rapists' and non-sex offenders' sexual arousal. Behavioral Assessment 6:169–76. [aRT, VLQ]Google Scholar
Quinsey, V. L. & Chaplin, T. C. (1988) Preventing faking in phallometric assessments of sexual preference. In: Human sexual aggression: Current perspectives, ed. R. A. Prentky & V. L. Quinsey. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 528. [VLQ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Quinsey, V. L., Chaplin, T. C. & Upfold, D. (1984) Sexual arousal to nonsexual violence and masochistic themes among rapists and non-sex offenders. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 52:651–57. [arRT, ERA, TL, NMM, CTP, VLQ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Quinsey, V. L., Chaplin, T. C. & Varney, G. (1981) A comparison of rapists' and non-sex offenders' sexual preferences for mutually consenting sex, rape, and physical abuse of women. Behavioral Assessment 3:127–35. [arRT, VLQ]Google Scholar
Quinsey, V. L., Rice, M. E. & Harris, G. T. (submitted) Psychopathy, sexual deviance, and recidivism among sex offenders released from a maximum security psychiatric institution. [VLQ]Google Scholar
Reiss, I. A. (1990) An end to shame. Prometheus Books. [ERA]Google Scholar
Report of the U. S. Merit Systems Protection Board (1981) Sexual harassment in the federal workplace: Is it a problem? U. S. Government Printing Office. [aRT]Google Scholar
Rice, M. E., Harris, G. T. & Quinsey, V. L. (1990) A follow-up of rapists assessed in a maximum security psychiatric facility. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 5:435–48. [VLQ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rimmer, R. H. (1984) The X-rated videotape guide. Arlington House. [ERA]Google Scholar
Rosen, D. E. (1982) Teleostean interrelationships, morphological function and evolutionary inference. American Zoologist 22:261–73. [NJG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rowe, D. C., Rodgers, J. L., Meseck-Bushey, S. & St. John, C. (1989) Sexual behavior and non-sexual deviance: A sibling study of their relationship. Developmental Psychology 25:61–69. [LM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Russell, D. E. H. (1982) Rape in marriage. Macmillan. [arRT]Google Scholar
Russell, D. E. H. (1984) Sexual exploitation: Rape, child sexual abuse, and workplace harassment. Sage. [aRT, NJG]Google Scholar
Russell, P. A. (1991) Evolutionary theories must fit the data better than other theories. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 14:277–78. [PAR]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Saal, F. E., Johnson, C. B. & Walker, N. (1989) Friendly or sexy? It may depend on whom you ask. Psychology of Women Quarterly 13:263–76. [arRT, ERA]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sanday, P. R. (1981) The socio-cultural context of rape: A cross-cultural study. Journal of Social Issues 37(4):5–27. [rRR, JJF, AF, TL]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scacco, A. M. Jr., (1975) Rape in prison. Charles C. Thomas. [aRT]Google Scholar
Schmidt, G. (1975) Male-female differences in sexual arousal and behavior. Archives of Sexual Behavior 4:353–64. [aRT]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schuster, P. & Sigmund, K. (1981) Coyness, philandering, and stable strategies. Animal Behaviour 29:186–92. [PK]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schwendinger, J. S. & Schwendinger, H. (1985) Homo economicus as the rapist in sociobiology. In: Violence against women: A critique of the sociobiology of rape, ed. Sunday, S. R. & Tobach, E.. Gordian Press. [TL]Google Scholar
Shields, N. M. & Hanneke, C. R. (1983) Battered wives' reactions to marital rape. In: The dark side of families, ed. Finkelhor, D., Gelles, R. J., Hotaling, G. T. & Straus, M. A.. Sage. [aRT]Google Scholar
Shields, W. M. & Shields, L. M. (1983) Forcible rape: An evolutionary perspective. Ethology and Sociobiology 4:115–36. [aRT, BAG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shields, W., Shields, L., Thornhill, R. & Thornhill, N. W. (1982) What causes rape? A dissenting view. Science 82 December: 16. [rRT]Google Scholar
Smith, J. (1989) Misogynies. Faber & Faber. [BMB]Google Scholar
Smith, P. (1984). Play in animals and humans. Basil Blackwell. [RHB]Google Scholar
Smith, R. L. (1984) Human sperm competition. In: Sperm competition and the evolution of animal mating systems, ed. Smith, R. L.. Academic Press. [aRT, JA]Google Scholar
Smith, V. (1990) Split affinities: The case of interracial rape. In: Conflicts in feminism, ed. Hirsch, M. & Keller, E. F.. Routledge. [BMB]Google Scholar
Smithyman, S. D. (1979) Characteristics of “undetected” rapists. In: Perspectives on victimology, ed. Parsonage, W. H.. Sage. [ERA]Google Scholar
Smuts, B. (1987) Sexual competition and mate choice. In: Primate societies, ed., Cheney, D., Seyfarth, R., Wrangham, R. & Struhsake, T. T.. University of Chicago Press. [PK]Google Scholar
Smuts, B. (1991; submitted) Male aggression against female primates: Evidence and theoretical implications. In: Advances in the study of behavior, ed. Slater, P. J. B., Rosenblatt, J. S., Milinski, M. & Snowdon, C. T.. Academic Press. [BBS]Google Scholar
Smuts, B. (1992) Male aggression against women: An evolutionary perspective. Human Nature 3:1–44. [NMM, BS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Soble, A. (1986) Pornography: Marxism, feminism, and the future of sexuality. Yale University Press. [TL]Google Scholar
Stearns, S. C. (in press) Comparative and experimental approaches to the evolutionary ecology of development. In: Evolution et development, ed. R. Chaline & B. David. [NJG]Google Scholar
Stephens, D. & Krebs, J. R. (1986) Foraging theory. Princeton University Press. [NJG]Google Scholar
Stock, W. (1982) The effect of violent pornography on women. Cited in Allgeier, E. & Allgeier, A. (1984) Sexual interactions. D.C. Heath. [RHB]Google Scholar
Stock, W. (1983) The effect of violent pornography on women. Paper presented at the national meeting of The Society for the Scientific Study of Sex, Chicago, IL, November. [rRT, ERA]Google Scholar
Stoltenberg, J. (1989) Refusing to be a man: Essays on sex and justice. Breitenbush Books. [BMB]Google Scholar
Struckman-Johnson, C. (1988) Forced sex on dates: It happens to men, too. Journal of Sex Research 24:234–41. [ERA]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Strum, S. (1988) Almost human. Random House. [PK]Google Scholar
Studd, M. V. & Gattiker, U. E. (in press) The evolutionary psychology of sexual harrassment in organizations. Ethology and Sociobiology. [aRT]Google Scholar
Sue, D. (1979) Erotic fantasies of college students during coitus. Journal of Sex Research 15:299–305. [ERA]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sunday, S. R. (1985) Sociobiology theory and the violent abuse of women. In: Violence against women: A critique of the sociobiology of rape, ed. Sunday, S. R. & Tobach, E.. Gordian Press. [TL]Google Scholar
Sunday, S. R. & Tobach, E., eds. (1985) Violence against women: A critique of the sociobiology of rape. Gordian Press. [rRT]Google Scholar
Symons, D. (1978) Play and aggression: A study of rhesus monkeys. Columbia University Press. [RHB]Google Scholar
Symons, D. (1979) The evolution of human sexuality. Oxford University Press (Oxford). [aRT, DP]Google Scholar
Symons, D. (1982) The woman that never existed. Quarterly Review of Biology 57:297–300. [arRT]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Symons, D. (1987a) If we're all Darwinians, what's the fuss about? In: Sociobiology and psychology: Ideas, issues and applications, ed. Crawford, C., Smith, M. & Krebs, D.. Erlbaum. [arRT, LH, CTP]Google Scholar
Symons, D. (1987b) An evolutionary approach: Can Darwin's view of life shed light on human sexuality? In: Theories of human sexuality, ed. Greer, J. H. & O'Donahue, W. T.. Plenum Press. [arRT]Google Scholar
Symons, D. (1989) A critique of Darwinian anthropology. Ethology and Sociobiology 10:131–44. [arRT, CTP]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Symons, D. (1990) Adaptiveness and adaptation. Ethology and Sociobiology 11:427–44. [CTP]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Symons, D. (in press) On the use and misuse of Darwinism in the study of human behavior: In: The adapted mind: Evolutionary psychology and the generation of culture, ed. J. Barkow, L. Cosmides & J. Tooby. Oxford University Press (Oxford). [arRT]Google Scholar
Symons, D. & Ellis, B. (1989) Human male-female differences in sexual desire. In: The sociobiology of sexual and reproductive strategies, ed. Rasa, A. E., Vogel, C. & Voland, E.. Chapman Hall. [aRT]Google Scholar
Talmud, The Babylonian (1935) Nezikin, vol. 1, Baba Kamma 59a. Soncino Press. [JH]Google Scholar
Thiessen, D. (1989) Hormone correlates of sexual aggression. In: Biosocial criminology, ed. Ellis, L. & Hoffman, H.. Praeger. [aRT]Google Scholar
Thornhill, N. W. (1990) The comparative method of biology in the study of societies of history. International Journal of Comparative Sociology 27:7–28. [rRT]Google Scholar
Thornhill, N. W. (1991) An evolutionary analysis of rules regulating human inbreeding and marriage. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 14:247–93. [rRT]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thornhill, N. W. (in press) Human inbreeding. In: The natural history of inbreeding and outbreeding: Theoretical and empirical perspectives, ed. N. W. Thornhill. University of Chicago Press. [arRT]Google Scholar
Thornhill, N. W. & Thornhill, R. (1990a) Evolutionary analysis of psychological pain of rape victims I: The effects of victim's age and marital status. Ethology and Sociobiology 11:155–76. [rRT]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thornhill, N. W. & Thornhill, R. (1990b) Evolutionary analysis of psychological pain following rape II: The effects of stranger, friend and family member offenders. Ethology and Sociobiology 11:177–93. [rRT]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thornhill, N. W. & Thornhill, R. (1990c) Evolutionary analysis of psychological pain following rape III: The effects of force and violence. Aggressive Behavior 16:297–320. [rRT]3.0.CO;2-V>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thornhill, N. W. & Thornhill, R. (1991) Evolutionary analysis of psychological pain following rape IV: The effect of the nature of the sex act. Journal of Comparative Psychology 105:243–52. [rRT]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thornhill, R. (1980) Rape in Panorpa scorpionflies and a general rape hypothesis. Animal Behavior 28:52–59. [rRT, CTP, VLQ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thornhill, R. (1983) Cryptic female choice and its implications in the scorpionfly Harpobittacus nicriceps. American Naturalist 122(6):765–87. [rRT]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thornhill, R. (1984a) Scientific methodology in entomology. Florida Entomologist 67:74–96. [arRT]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thornhill, R. (1984b) Alternative hypotheses for traits believed to have evolved by sperm competition. In: Sperm competition and the evolution of animal mating systems, ed. Smith, R. L.. Academic Press. [aRT]Google Scholar
Thornhill, R. (1986) Relative parental contribution of the sexes to their offspring and the operation of sexual selection. In: Evolution of animal behavior: Palentological and field approaches, ed. Nitecki, M. & Kitchell, J.. Oxford University Press (Oxford). [aRT]Google Scholar
Thornhill, R. (1990) The study of adaptation. In: Interpretation and explanation in the study of animal behavior, vol. 2, ed. Bekoff, M. & Jamieson, D.. West view Press. [arRT]Google Scholar
Thornhill, R. (1991, in press) Teleonomy and the study of sexual selection. Proceedings of the 20th International Ornithological Congress. [rRT]Google Scholar
Thornhill, R. & Alcock, J. (1983) The evolution of insect mating systems. Harvard University Press. [arRT, RHB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thornhill, R. & Sauer, K. P. (1991) The notal organ of the scorpionfly (Panorpa vulgaris): An adaptation to coerce mating duration. Behavioral Ecology 2:156–64. [arRT]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thornhill, R. & Thornhill, N. W. (1983) Human rape: An evolutionary analysis. Ethology and Sociobiology 4:137–73. [aRT, BAG, CTP]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thornhill, R. & Thornhill, N. W. (1987) Human rape: The strengths of the evolutionary perspective. In: Sociobiology and psychology: Ideas, issues and applications, ed. Crawford, C., Smith, M. & Krebs, D.. Erlbaum. [aRT, LM, CTP]Google Scholar
Thornhill, R. & Thornhill, N. W. (1989) The evolution of psychological pain. In: Sociobiology and the social sciences, ed. Bell, R.. Texas Technical University Press. [rRT, NJG]Google Scholar
Thornhill, R. & Thornhill, N. W. (1991) Coercive sexuality of men: Is there psychological adaptation to rape? In: Sexual coercion: A sourcebook on its nature, causes and prevention, ed. Grauerholz, E. & Koralewski, M. A.. Lexington Books. [rRT]Google Scholar
Tieger, T. (1981) Self-rated likelihood of raping and the social perception of rape. Journal of Research in Personality 15:147–58. [aRT]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tinbergen, N. (1959) Einige Gedanken über “Beschwichtigungsgebärden.” Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie 16:651–65. [IE-E]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tobach, E. & Rosoff, B. (1985). Preface. Violence against women: A critique of the sociobiology of rape. Gordian Press. [rRT]Google Scholar
Tooby, J. & Cosmides, L. (1989) Evolutionary psychology and the generation of culture, Part 1: Theoretical considerations. Ethology and Sociobiology 10(1–3):29–51. [arRT, CTP]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tooby, J. & Cosmides, L. (1990a) The past explains the present: Emotional adaptations and the structure of ancestral environments. Ethology and Sociobiology 11:375–424. [CTP]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tooby, J. & Cosmides, L. (1990b) On the universality of human nature and the uniqueness of the individual: The role of genetics and adaptation. Journal of Personality 58:17–67. [arRT]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tooby, J. & Devore, I. (1987) The reconstruction of hominid behavioral evolution through strategic modeling. In: The evolution of human behavior: Primate models, ed. Kinzey, W. G.. SUNY Press. [arRT]Google Scholar
Townsend, J. M. (1987) Sex difference in sexuality among medical students: Effects of increasing socio-economic status. Archives of Sexual Behavior 16:415–44. [aRT]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Townsend, J. M. (1989) Male selection criteria: A pilot study. Ethology and Sociobiology 10:241–53. [aRT]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Townsend, J. M. & Levy, G. D. (1990) Effects of potential partners' physical attractiveness and socioeconomic status on sexuality and partner selection. Archives of Sexual Behavior 19:149–64. [ERA]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Trivers, R. L. (1972) Parental investment and sexual selection. In: Sexual selection and the descent of man, 1871–1971, ed. Campbell, B.. Aldine. [aRT]Google Scholar
Trivers, R. L. (1985) Social evolution. Benjamin/Cummings. [aRT]Google Scholar
Turke, P. W. (1990) Which humans behave adaptively, and why does it matter? Ethology and Sociobiology 11:305–39. [CTP]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Rhijn, J. G. (1974) Behavioural dimorphism in male ruffs Philomachus pugnax (L.). Behaviour 47:153–229. [JA]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Voland, E. & Engel, C. (1990) Female choice in humans: A conditional mate choice strategy of the Krammhorn women (Germany 1720–1874). Ethology 84:114–54. [aRT]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wallen, K. (1989) Mate selection: Economics and affection. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 12:37–38. [PAR]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wasser, S. K. & Isenberg, D. Y. (1986) Reproductive failure among women: Pathology or adaptation? Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynaecology 5:153–75. [EV]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Watson, P. (1991) Multiple paternity as genetic bet-hedging in female sierradome spiders, Linyphia litigiosa (Linyphiidae). Animal Behaviour 41:343–60. [rRT]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
West-Eberhard, M. J. (1979) Sexual selection, social competition and evolution. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 123:222–34. [rRT]Google Scholar
Wickler, W. (1967) Socio-sexual signals and their intraspecific imitation among primates. In: Primate ethology, ed. Morris, D.. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. [IE-E]Google Scholar
Williams, G. C. (1966) Adaptation and natural selection. Princeton University Press. [arRT, CTP]Google Scholar
Wilson, M. & Daly, M. (1985) Competitiveness, risk taking, and violence: The young male syndrome. Ethology and Sociobiology 6:59–73. [aRT]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilson, W. & Durrenberger, R. (1982) Comparison of rape and attempted rape victims. Psychological Reports 50:198–99. [LM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zuckerman, M. (1971) Physiological measures of sexual arousal in the human. Psychological Bulletin 75:297–329.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed