Hostname: page-component-784d4fb959-jtjl6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-07-15T23:24:46.780Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Electrical stimulation and the neurobiology of language

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 February 2010

George A. Ojemann
George A. Ojemann
Affiliation:
Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash. 98195
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'

Information

Type
Author's Response
Information
Behavioral and Brain Sciences , Volume 6 , Issue 2 , June 1983 , pp. 221 - 230
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1983

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Albert, M. (1976) Short-term memory and aphasia. Brain and Language 3:28–33. [taGAO]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Anderson, S. R. (1981) Why phonology isn't “natural.” Linguistic Inquiry 12: 493–539. [HWB]Google Scholar
Bartholow, R. (1874) Experimental investigations into functions of the human brain. American Journal of Medical Sciences 67:305–13. [taGAO]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Basso, A., Casati, G. & Vignolo, L. A. (1977) Phonemic identification defect in aphasia. Cortex 13:85–95. [FB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Beaver, T. G. & Chiarello, R. J. (1974) Cerebral dominance in musicians and nonmusicians. Science 185:537–39. [WHC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bechtereva, N., Genkin, A., Morseeva, N. & Smirnov, V. (1967) Electrographic evidence of participation of deep structures of the human brain in certain mental processes. EEG and Clinical Neurophysiology, Supplement 25:153–66. [taGAO]Google Scholar
Beecher, M. D., Petersen, M. R., Zoloth, S. R., Moody, D. B. & Stebbins, W. C. (1979) Perception of conspecific vocalizations by Japanese macaques. Brain, Behavior and Evolution 16:443–60. [JDN]Google ScholarPubMed
Bell, D. S. (1968) Speech function of the thalamus inferred from the effects of thalamotomy. Brain 91:619-38. [taGAO]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Benson, D. F. (1979) Neurologic correlates of anomia. Studies in Neurolinguistics 4:293–328. [taGAO]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berlin, C. (1977) Hemispheric asymmetry in auditory tasks. In: Lateralization in the nervous system, ed. Harnard, S., Doty, R., Goldstein, L., Saynes, J. & Krauthamer, G., pp. 303–23. Academic Press. [taGAO]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bertrand, C., Martinez, S., Hardy, J., Molina-Negro, P. & Velasco, F. (1973) Stereotactic surgery for Parkinsonism. Progress in Neurological Surgery 5:79–112. [taGAO]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blumstein, S. E., Cooper, W. E., Zurif, E. B. & Caramazza, A. (1977) The perception and production of voice-onset time in aphasia. Neuropsychologia 15: 371–83. [WEC]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bogen, J. E. & Bogen, G. M. (1976) Wernicke's region – where is it? Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 280:834–43. [FB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Broca, P. (1861) Remarques sur le siège de la faculté du langage articulé, suivies d'une observation d'aphémie (perte de la parole). Bulletin de la Société d'Anatomie 36:330–57. [FB, taGAO]Google Scholar
Brown, J. W. (1973) Discussion. In: The pulvinar-L.P. complex, ed. Cooper, I., Riklan, M. & Rakic, P.. Thomas. [JWB]Google Scholar
Brown, J. W. (1975) On the neural organization of language: Thalamnic and cortical relationships. Brain & Language 2: 18–30. [FB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brown, J. W. (1977) Mind, brain and consciousness. Academic Press. [JWB]Google Scholar
Brown, J. W. (1979) Language representation in the brain. In: Neurobiology of social communication in primates: An evolutionary perspetive, ed. Steklis, H. E. & Raleigh, M. J., pp. 133–95. Academic Press. [JWB, RDK]Google Scholar
Buckingham, H. W. (1980) On correlating aphasic errors with slips of the tongue. Applied Psycholinguistics 1: 199–220. [HWB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buckingham, H. W. (1983) Apraxia of language vs. apraxia of speech. in: Memory and control of action, ed. Magill, R.. North-Holland. [HWB]Google Scholar
Buckingham, H. W. & Kertesz, A. (1974) A linguistic analysis of fluent aphasia. Brain and Language 1: 43–61. [HWB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buckingham, H. W. & Kertesz, A.(1976) Neologistic jargon aphasia. Swets & Zeitlinger. [HWB]Google Scholar
Butters, N., Samuel, I., Goodglass, H. & Brody, B. (1970) Short-term visual and auditory memory disorders after parietal and frontal lobe damage. Cortex 6: 440–59. [taGAO]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Calvin, W. H. (1982) Did throwing stones shape hominid brain evolution? Ethology and Sociobiology 3: 115–24. [WHC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Calvin, W. H.(1983a) A stone's throw and its launch window: Bigger hominid brains for timing redundancy? [WHC, taGAO]Google Scholar
Calvin, W. H. (1983b) The throwing madonna: From nercous cells to hominid brains. McGraw-Hill. [WHC]Google Scholar
Calvin, W. H. & Ojemann, G. A. (1980) Inside the brain: Mapping the cortex, exploring the neuron. New American Library. [WHC]Google Scholar
Cappa, S., Cavalotti, G. & Vignolo, L. A. (1981) Phonemic and lexical errors in fluent aphasia: Correlation with lesion site. Neuropsychologia 19:171–77. [RDK]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Caramazza, A. & Berndt, R. S. (1978) Semantic and syntactic processes in aphasia: A review of the literature. Psychological Bulletin 85:898–918. [HWB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chapman, L. F. & Wolff, H. G. (1959) The cerebral hemispheres and the highest integrative functions in man. Archives of Neurology 1:357–424. [FB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cooper, W. E. & Nager, R. M. (1975) Perceptuo-motor adaptation to speech: An analysis of bisyllabic utterances and a neural model. journal of the Acoustical Society of America 58: 256–65. [WEC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cushing, H. (1909) A note upon the Faradic stimulation of the postcentral gyrus in conscious patients. Brain 32: 44–54. [taGAO]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Damasio, A.Damasio, H., Rizzo, M., Varney, N. & Gersh, F. (1982) Aphasia with nonhemorrhagic lesions in the basal ganglia and internal capsule. Archives of Neurology 39:15–20 [taGAO]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Darwin, C., Taylor, L. & Milner, B. (1975) Proceedings of Seventeenth International Symposium of Neuropsyclsology. Neuropsychologia 13:132. [taGAO]Google Scholar
Dejerine, J. & Roussy, G. (1906) Le syndrome thalamique. Revue Neurologique 12:521–32. [taGAO]Google Scholar
DeRenzi, E. & Vignolo, L. (1962) The token test: A sensitive test to detect receptive disturbances in aphasics. Brain 85:578–665. [taGAO]Google Scholar
Dewson, J. H., III (1977) Preliminary evidence of hemispheric asymmetry of auditory function in monkeys. In: Lateralization in the nervous system, ed. Harnard, S., Doty, B.Goldstein, L., Saynes, J. & Krauthamer, G., pp. 63–71. Academic Press. [taGAO]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dodrill, C. (1978) A neuropsychological battery for epilepsy. Epilepsia 19:611–23. [tarGAO]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dua, S. & MacLean, P. D. (1964) Localization for penile erection in medial frontal lobe. American Journal of Physiology 207:1425–34. [JDN]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dwyer, J. H. & Rinn, W. E. (1981) The role of the right hemisphere in contextual inference. Neuropsychologia 19:479–82. [RDK]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Efron, R. (1963) Temporal perception, aphasia and déjà cu. Brain 86:403–24. [WHC, taGAO]Google Scholar
Eidelberg, D. & Galaburda, A. (1982) Symmetry and asymmetry in human posterior thalamus: 1. Cytoarchitectonic analysis in normal persons. Archives of Neurology 39:325–32. [taGAO]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Eimas, P. D., Siqueland, E. R., Jusczyk, P. & Vigorito, J. (1971) Speech perception in infants. Science 171:303–6. [PSC, JDN]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ettlinger, G., Teuber, H.-L. & Milner, B. (1975) The seventeenth international symposium of neuropsychology. Neuropsychologia 13:125–34. [MS-K]Google Scholar
Fedio, P. & Van Buren, J. (1974) Memory deficits during electrical stimulation of speech cortex in conscious man. Brain and Language 1:29–42. [taGAO]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fedio, P. & Van Buren, J. (1975) Memory and perceptual deficits during electrical stimulation in the left and right thalamus and parietal subcortex. Brain and Language 2:78–100. [taGAO]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fodor, J. A. (1975) The language of thought. Thomas Y. Crowell. [HWB]Google Scholar
Foerster, O. (1931) The cerebral cortex of man. Lancet 109:309–12. [taGAO]Google Scholar
Forster, K. (1979) Levels of processing and the structure of the language processor. In: Sentence processing. ed. Cooper, W. E. & Walker, E.C.T.. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. [LF]Google Scholar
Fried, I., Mateer, C., Ojemann, G., Wohns, R. & Fedio, P. (1982) Organization of visuospatial functions in human cortex: Evidence from electrical stimulation. Brain 105:349–71. [tarGAO]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fried, I., Ojemann, G. & Fetz, E. (1981) Language related potentials specific to human language cortex. Science 212:353–56. [tarGAO]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fritsch, G. & Hitzig, E. (1870) über die elektrische erregbarkeit des Grosshsirns. Archiv der Anatomnische Physiolosische Wissenschaftliche Medizine 37:300–332. [taGAO]Google Scholar
Galaburda, A. M. (1982) Histology, architectonics, and asymmetry of language areas. In: Neural models of language processes, ed. Arbib, M., Caplan, D. & Marshall, J.. Academic Press. [LF]Google Scholar
Galaburda, A., Sanides, F. & Geschwind, N. (1978) Human brain: Cytoarchitectonic left-right asymmetries in the temporal speech region. Archives of Neurology 35:812–17. [taGAO]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gall, F. & Spurzheim, J. C. (1810–1819) Anatomie et physiologie du système nerveux en général et du cerveau en particulier, avec des observations sur la possibilité de reconisaître plusieurs dispositions intellectuelles et morales le l'homme et des animaux, par la configuration de leurs têtes. Paris: Schoell. [FB]Google Scholar
Garrett, M. F. (1982) Production of speech: Observations from normal and pathological language use. In: Normality and pathology in cognitive functions. ed. Ellis, A.. Academic Press. [HWB]Google Scholar
Geschwind, N. (1965) Disconnexion syndromes in animals and man. Brain 88:237–94; 585–644.[FB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goodglass, H. (1976) Agrammatism. Studies in Neurolinguistics 1:237–60. [taGAO]Google Scholar
Goodglass, H. (1980) Disorders of naming following brain injury. American Scientist 68:647–55. [MS-K]Google ScholarPubMed
Guiot, G., Hertzog, E., Rondot, P. & Molina, P. (1961) Arrest or acceleration of speech evoked by thalamic stimulation in the course of stereotaxic procedures for Parkinsonism. Brain 84:363–79. [taGAO]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hammond, G. R. (1982) Hemispheric differences in temporal resolution. Brain and Cognition 1:95–118. [RDK]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Head, H. (1926) Aphasia and kindred disorders of speech. Cambridge University Press. [HWB]Google Scholar
Hebb, D. & Penfield, W. (1940) Human behavior after extensive bilateral removal from the frontal lobes. Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry 44:421–38. [JWB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hécaen, H. (1962) Clinical symptomatology in right and left hemispheric lesions. In: Interhemispheric relations and cerebraldominance, ed. Mountcastle, V., pp. 215–43. Johns Hopkins University Press. [FB]Google Scholar
Hécaen, H. & Albert, M. (1978) Human neuropsychology, pp. 117–20. Wiley. [taGAO]Google Scholar
Hécaen, H. & Consoli, S. (1973) Analyse des troubles du langage au cours des lésions de l'aire de Broca. Neuropsychologia 11:377–88. [FB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hewes, G. W. (1976) The current status of the gestural theory of language origins. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 280:330–48. [WHC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoff, H. (1961) Die Lokalisation der Aphasie. Proceedings of the 7th International Congress of Neurology, pp. 455–68. Rome. [FB]Google Scholar
Jasper, H. (1960) Unspecific thalamocortical relations. In: Handbook of physiology, ed. Fields, J., Magoun, H. & Hall, V., vol. 2, pp. 1307–21. Williams and Wilkins. [taGAO]Google Scholar
Jonas, S. (1981) The supplementary motor region and speech emnission. journal of Commnunication Disorders 14:349–73. [RDK]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jonas, S. (1982) The thalamus and aphasia, including transcortical aphasia: A review. journal of Communication Disorders 15:31–41. [RDK]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jürgens, U. (1979) Neural control of vocalization in nonhuman primates. In: Neurobiology of social communication in primates, ed. Steklis, H. & Raleigh, M., pp. 11–44. Academic Press.Google Scholar
Jürgens, U. & Ploog, D. (1970) Cerebral representation of vocalization its tlse squirrel monkey. Experimental Brain Research 10:532–54. [JDN]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Katz, R. B. (1982) Phonological deficiencies in children with reading disability: Evidence from an object-naming task. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, University of Connecticut. [MS-K]Google Scholar
Kent, R. D. (forthcoming) Brain mechanisms of speech and language with special reference to emotional interactions. In: Recent advances in language science, ed. Naremore, R. C.. College-Hill Press. [RDK]Google Scholar
Kent, R. D. & Rosenbek, J. C. (1982) Prosodic disturbance and neurologic lesion. Brain and Language 15:259–91. [RDK]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kimura, D. (1976) The neural basis of language qua gesture. In: Studies in neurolinguistics, ed. Whitaker, H. & Whitaker, H. A., vol. 2, pp. 145–56. Academic Press. [HWB, WHC, taGAO]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kimura, D. (1982). Left-hemisphere control of oral and brachial movements and their relation to communication. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B, in press. [WHC]Google Scholar
Kinsbourne, M. & Wood, F. (1975) Short term memory and the amnesic syndrome. In: Short term Memory, ed. Deutsch, D. & Deutsch, J.. Academic Press. [FW]Google Scholar
Kirzinger, A. & Jūrgens, U. (1982) Cortical lesion effects and vocalization in the squirrel monkey. Brain Research 233: 299–315. [JDN]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Klatt, D. H. (1980) Speech perception: A model of acoustic-phonetic analysis and lexical access. In: Perception and production of fluent speech, ed Cole, R. A., pp. 243–88. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. [RDK]Google Scholar
Kleist, K. (1934) Gehirnpathologie. Leipzig: Barth; [FB]Google Scholar
Larsen, B., Skinhoj, E., Suh, K., Endo, H. & Lassen, N. (1977) The patterms of cortical activity provoked by listening and speech revealed by RCBF measurements. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica 56 (Suppl. 64): 268–69. [taGAO]Google Scholar
Lashley, K. S. (1929) Brain mechanisms and intelligence. University of Chicago Press. [FB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liberman, A. M. (1982) On finding that speech is special. American Psychologist 37: 148–67. [AML]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liberman, A. M., Cooper, F. S., Shankweiler, D. P. & Studdert-Kennedy, M. (1967) Perception of the speech code. Psychological Review 74: 431–61. [PSC, WEC, WHC, taGAO]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Liberman, I. Y., Liberman, A. M., Mattingly, I. G. & Shankweiler, D. P. (1980). Phonetic segmentations and recoding in the beginning reader. In: Orthography, reading and dyslexia, ed. Kavanagh, J. F. & Venezky, R. L.. University Park Press. [MS-K]Google Scholar
Lichtheim, L. (1885) On aphasia. Brain 7: 433–84. [FB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lindblom, B.E.F. & Sundberg, J.E.F. (1971) Acoustical consequences of lip, tongue, jaw, and larynx movement. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 50: 1166–79. [LF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lomas, J. & Kimura, D. (1976) Intrahemispheric interaction between speaking and sequential manual activity. Neuropsychologia 14: 23–33. [WHC]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Luria, A. R. (1966) Higher cortical functions in man. Basic Books. [FB]Google Scholar
Luria, A. R. (1977) On quasi-aphasic speech disturbance inlesions of the deep structures in the brain. Brain and Language 4:359–432. [taGAO]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCasland, G. & Konishi, M. (1981) Interaction between auditory and motor activity in an avian song control nucleus. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 78: 7815–19 [AML]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McFie, J. (1960) Psychological effects of stereotaxic operations for the relief of Parkinsonian symptoms. Journal of Mental Science 108: 512–17. [taGAO]Google Scholar
McFie, J. (1961) Recent advances in phrenology. Lancet 2: 300–63. [FB]Google ScholarPubMed
McGlone, J. (1980) Sex differences in hunsan brain asymmetry: A critical survey. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 3: 215–27. [taGao]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McGurk, H. & MacDonald, J. (1976) Hearing lips and seeing voices. Nature 265: 746–48. [AML]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mann, V. A. & Liberman, A. M. (in press) Some differences between phonetic and auditory modes of perception. Cognition. [AM L]Google Scholar
Marie, P. (1906) Revision de la question de l'aphasie. Sem. Med. 2: 241–47; 493–500; 565–71. [taGAO]Google Scholar
Marler, P. (1976) Sensory templates in species-specific behavior. In: Simpler networks and behavior, ed. Fentress, J.. Sinauer. [AML]Google Scholar
Marler, P. (1981) Birdsong: The acquisition of a learnedmotor skill. Trends in Neuroscience 4, 4:88–94. [PSC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Massion, J. & Rispal-Padel, L. (1972) Differential control of motor cortex and sensory areas on ventrolateral nucleus of the thalamus. In: Corticothalamic projections and scnsorimotor activities, ed. Frigyesi, T., Rinvik, E. & Yahr, M., pp. 367–74. Raven Press. [taGAO]Google Scholar
Mateer, C. (1978) Asymmetric effects of thalamic stimulation on rate of speech. Neuropsychologia 16: 497–99. [taGAO]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mateer, C. (1983) Localization of language and visuospatial functions by electrical stimulation mapping. In: Localization in neuropsychology, ed. Kertesz, A.. Academic Press, in press. [rGAO]Google Scholar
Mateer, C. & Kimura, D. (1977) Impairment of nonverbal oral movements in aphasia. Brain and Language 4: 262–76. [HWB, WHC]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mateer, C., Polen, S. & Ojemann, G. (1982) Sexual variation in cortical localization of naming as determined by stimulation mapping. Commentary on McGlone 1980. Behacioral and Brain Sciences 5: 310–11. [taGAO]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mateer, C., Polen, S., Ojemann, G. & Wyler, A. (1982) Cortical localization of finger spelling and oral language: A case study. Brain and Language 17: 46–57. [tarGAO]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mateer, C. & Stone, J. (1981) Organization of human language cortex: Evidence from evoked alterations in reading. Paper presented at Fourth European Meeting of the International Neuropsychology Society. [taGAO]Google Scholar
Merzenich, M. & Kaas, J. (1980) Principles of organization of sensory- perceptual systems in mammals. Progress in Psychobiology and Physiological Psychology 9: 1–42. [JWB]Google Scholar
Metter, J., Wasterlain, C., Kuhl, D., Hanson, W. & Phelps, M. (1981) 18FDG positron emission computed tomography in a study of aphasia. Annals of Neurology 10: 173–83. [taGAO]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Milner, B. (1967) Brain mechanisms suggested by studies of temporal lobes. In: Brain mechanisms underlying speech and language, ed. Milliken, C. & Darley, F., pp. 122–45. Grune and Stratton. [taGAO]Google Scholar
Mohr, J. (1976) Broca's area and Broca's aphasia. Studies in Neurolinguistics 1: 201–36. [tarGAO]Google Scholar
Mohr, J., Watters, W. & Duncan, G. (1975) Thalamic hemorrhage and aphasia. Brain and Language 2: 3–17. [taGAO]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mullen, S. & Penfield, W. (1959) Illusions of comparative interpretation and emotion: Production by epikptic discharge and by electrical stimulation in temporal cortex. Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry 81: 269–84. [taGAO]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Naeser, M., Alexander, M., Helm-Estabrooks, N., Levine, H., Laughlin, S. & Geschwind, N. (1982) Aphasia with predominantly subcortical lesion sites. Archives of Neurology 39: 2–14. [taGAO]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Newman, J. D. (1979) Central nervous system processing of sounds in primates. In: Neurobiology of social communication in primates, ed. Steklis, H. & Raleigh, M., pp. 69–109. Academic Press. [JDN]Google Scholar
Newman, J. D. & MacLean, P. D. (1982) Effects of tegmental lesions on the isolation call of squirrel monkey. Brain Research 232: 317–29. [JDN]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Newman, J. D. & Symmes, D. (1979) Feature detection by single units in squirrel monkey auditory cortex. Experimental Brain Research Supplement 2: 140–45. [JDN]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nielsen, J. M. (1951) Anterior cingulate gyrus and corpus callosum. Bulletin of the Los Angeles Neurological Society 16: 235–43. [JDN]Google ScholarPubMed
Nottebohm, F., Stokes, T. M. & Leonard, C. M. (1976) Central control of song in the canary, Serinus canarius. Journal of Comparatice Neurology 165: 457–86. [AM L]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Obler, L. K., Albert, M. L., Goodglass, H. & Benson, D. F. (1978) Aphasia type and aging. Brain & Language 6: 318–27, [FB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ojemann, G. (1974) Mental arithmetic during human thalamic stimulation. Neuropsychologia 12: 1–10. [tarGAO]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ojemann, G. (1975) Language and the thalamus: Object naming and recall during and after thalamic stimulation. Brain and Language 2:101–20. [taGAO]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ojemann, G. (1976) Subcortical language mechanisms. Studies in Neurolinguistics 1:103–38. [taGAO]Google Scholar
Ojemann, G. (1977) Asymnsctric function of the thalamus us mams. Annuals of the New York Academy of Sciences 299: 380–96. [taGAO]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ojemann, G. (1978a) Organization of short-term verbal memory in language areas of human cortex: Evidemsce from electrical stimulation. Brain and Language 5:331–48. [tarGAO]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ojemann, G. (1978b) A review of the neurologic basis of human cognition, with special emsiphasis on language. Allied Health and Behavioral Sciences 1:338–81. [taGAO]Google Scholar
Ojemann, G. (1979a) Individual variability us cortical localizatioms of language. Journal of Neurosurgery 50:164–69. [tarGAO]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ojemann, G. (1979b) Altering mensory with human ventrolateral thalamic stimulation. In: Modern concepts in psychiatric surgery, ed. Ballantine, H. & Myerson, B., pp. 103–9. Elsevier. [taGAO]Google Scholar
Ojemann, G. (1980) Brain mechanisms for language: Observations during neurosurgery. In: Epilepsy: A window to brain mnechanisms. ed. Lockard, J. & Ward, A. Jr, pp. 243–60. Raven Press. [taGAO]Google Scholar
Ojemann, G. (1981) Interrelationships in the localization of language, memory and motor mechanism in human cortex and thalamus. ln: New perspectices in cerebral localization, ed. Thompson, R., pp. 157–75. Raven Press. [taGAO]Google Scholar
Ojemann, G. (1982a) lntrahemispheric localization of language and visuospatial function:Evidence from stimulatioms mapping during craniotomies for epilepsy. In: Advances in epileptology, 13, eds Akimoto, H., Kazamatsuri, H., Seino, M. & Ward, A., pp. 373–78. Raven Press. [tarGAO]Google Scholar
Ojemann, G. (1982b) Subcortical aphasias. In: Neurology of aphasia, ed. Krishner, H. & Freemon, F., pp. 127–38. Swets & Zeitlinger. [taGAO]Google Scholar
Ojemann, G., Blick, K. & Ward, A. A. Jr, (1971) lmprovement and disturbance of short-term verbal memory during human ventrolateral thalamic stimulation. Brain 94:225–40. [tarGAO]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ojemann, G. & Dodrill, C. (1981) Predicting post-operative language and memory deficits after dominant hemisphere anterior temporal lobectomy by intraoperative stimulation mapping. Abstracts, American Association of Neurological Surgeons, 50th Annual Meeting, pp. 76–77. [tarGAO]Google Scholar
Ojemann, G. & Fedio, P. (1968) The effects of stimulation of human thalamus and parietal and temporal white matter on short-term memory. Journal of Neurosurgery 29: 51–59. [taGAO]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ojemanms, G., Fedio, P. & Van, Buren J. (1968) Anomia from pulvinar and subcortical parietal stimulation. Brain 91:99–116. [taGAO]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ojemann, G. & Mateer, C. (1979) Human language cortex: Localization of memory, syntax and sequential motor-phoneme identification systems. Science 205:1401–3. [WHC. LF, tarGAO]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ojemann, G. & Van, Buren J. (1967) Respiratory, heart rate and GSR responses from human diencephalon. Archives of Neurology 16:74–88. [taGAO]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ojemann, G. & Ward, A. A. Jr, (1971) Speech representation in ventrolateral thalamus. Brain 94:669–80. [taGAO]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ojemann, G. (1982) Abnormal movement disorders. In: Neurological Surgery, ed. Youmans, J., pp. 3821–57. Saunders. [taGAO]Google Scholar
Ojemann, G. & Whitaker, H. (1978a) The bilingual brain. Archives of Neurology 35: 409–12. [taGAO]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ojemann, G. (1978b) Language localization and variability. Brain and Language 6:239–60. [tarGAO]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Paradis, M. (1977) Bilingualism and aphasia. Studies in Neurolinguistics 3: 65–122. [taGAO]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Patterson, F. & Linden, E. (1981) The education of Koko. Holt Rinehart & Winston. [WHC]Google Scholar
Penfield, W. & Jasper, H. (1954) Epilepsy and the functional anatomy of the human brain. Little Brown. [taGAO]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Penfield, W. & Mathieson, G. (1974) Memory: Autopsy findings and comments on the role of hippocampus in experiential recall. Archives of Neurology 31: 145–154. [rGAO]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Penfield, W. & Perot, P. (1963) The brain's record of auditory and visual experience - a final summary and discussion. Brain 86: 595–696. [taGAO]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Penfield, W. & Roberts, L. (1959) Speech and brain mechanisms. Princeton University Press. [FB, tarGAO]Google Scholar
Penfield, W. & Welch, K. (1951) The supplementary motor area of the cerebral cortex. Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry 66:289–317. [JDN]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Peterson, L. & Peterson, M. (1959) Short-term retention of individual verbal items. journal of Experimental Psychology 58:193–98. [taGAO]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pisoni, D. B. (1979) On the perception of speech sounds as biologically significant signals. Brain. Behavior and Evolution 16:330–50. [JDN]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Purpura, D. (1972) Synaptic mechanisms in coordination of activity in thalamic internuncial common paths. In: Corticothalamic projections and sensorimotor activities, ed. Frigyesi, T., Rinvik, E. & Yahr, M., pp. 21–56. Haven Press. [taGAO]Google Scholar
Putnam, H. (1973) Reductionism and the nature of psychology. Cognition 2:131–46. [HWB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ramamurti, B. (1967) Stimulation response in the diencephalon. Neurology (Bombay) 15:123–26. [taGAO]Google Scholar
Ranck, J. Jr, (1975) Which elements are excited in electrical stimulation of mammalian central nervous system: A review. Brain Research 98:417–40. [taGAO]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rapport, R., Tan, C., & Whitaker, H. (1983) Language function and dysfunction among Chinese and English-speaking polyglots: Cortical stimulation, Wada testing and clinical studies. Brain and Language 18:342–66. [taGAO]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rasmussen, T. & Milner, B. (1977) The role of early left brain injury in determining lateralization of cerebral speech functions. Annals of the New York Academny of Sciences 299: 335–69. [tarGAO]Google ScholarPubMed
Risberg, J., Halsey, J., Wills, E. & Wilson, E. (1975) Hemispheric specialization in normal man studied by bilateral measurements of the regional cerebral blood flow. Brain 98:511–24. [FW]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ross, K. D., Harney, J. H., deLacoste-Utamsing, C. & Purdy, P. D. (1981) How the brain integrates affective and propositional language into a unified behavioral function. Archives of Neurology 38: 745–48. [RDK]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Roy, E. (1982) Action and performance. In: Normality and pathology in cognitive functions, ed. Ellis, A., Academic Press. [HWB]Google Scholar
Rubens, A., Mahowald, M. & Hutton, J. (1976) Asymmetry of the lateral (Sylvian) fissures in man. Neurology 26:620–24. [taGAO]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Russell, D. & Whitaker, H. A. (1979) Apraxia as a dysfunction of motor planning. Cognition and Brain Theory 3:26–32. [HWB]Google Scholar
Saffran, E. & Marin, O. (1975) Immediate memory for word lists and sentences in a patient with deficient auditory short-term memory. Brain and Language 2:420–33. [taGAO]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schaltenbrand, G. (1965) The effects of stereotaxic electrical stimulation in the depth of the brain. Brain 88: 835–40. [taGAO]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schwartz, J. & Tallal, P. (1980) Rate of acoustic change may underlie hemispheric specialization for speech perception. Science 207: 1380–81. [PT]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Selby, G. (1967) Stereotactic surgery for the relief of Parkinson's disease: 2. An analysis of the results of a series of 303 patients (413 operations). journal of the Neurological Sciences 5: 343–75. [taGAO]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Seldon, H. L. (1981a) Structure of human auditory cortex: 1. Cytoarchitectonics and dendritic distributions. Brain Research 229: 277–94. [RDK]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seldon, H. L. (1981b) Structure of human auditory cortex: 2. Axon distributions and morphological correlates of speech perception. Brain Research 229: 295–310. [RDK]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sem-Jacobsen, C. (1968) Depth-electrographic stimulation of the human brain and behavior, p. 141. Thomas. [taGAO]Google Scholar
Sherwin, I. & Efron, R. (1980). Temporal ordering deficits following anterior temporal lobectomy. Brain and Language 11:195–203. [WHC]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sidtis, J., Volpe, B., Wilson, D., Rayport, M. & Gazzaniga, M. (1981) Variability in right hemisphere language function after callosal section: Evidence for a continuum of generative capacity. journal of Neuroscience 1:323–31. [taGAO]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Siegel, S. (1955) Nonparametric statistics for the behavioral sciences. McGraw-Hill. [taGAO]Google Scholar
Signoret, J. L., Lhermitte, F., Abelanet, R. & Lavorel, P. (1980) Rediscovery of Leborgne's brain: Anatomical description with CT scan. Paper read at the Broca Centennial Conference, Mohawk, N.Y., 07 8. [FB]Google Scholar
Skinner, J. & Yingling, C. (1977) Central gating mechanisms that regulate event-related Potentials and behavior: A neural model for attention. Progress in Clinical Neurophysiology 1: 30–69. [taGAO]Google Scholar
Smith, B. (1980) Cortical stimulation and speech timing: A preliminary observation. Brain and Language 10: 89–97. [rGAO]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Soli, S. D. (1982) Structure and duration of vowels together specify final fricative voicing. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 72:366–78. [AM L]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stark, R. & Tallal, P. (1979) Analysis of stop-consonant production errors in dysphasic children. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 66(6):1703–12. [PT]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stark, R., Tallal, P. & Mellits, E. D. (1983) Receptive language and auditory perceptual abilities in normal and specifically language delayed children. Unpublished. [PT]Google Scholar
Stensass, S., Eddington, D. & Dobelle, W. (1974) The topography and variability of the primary visual cortex in man. Journal of Neurosurgery 40:747–55. [taGAO]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stetson, R. H. (1951) Motor phonetics, 2nd ed.North-Holland Press. [RDK]Google Scholar
Stevens, K. N. & House, A. S. (1972) Speech perception. In: Foundations of modern auditory theory, vol. 2, ed. Tobias, J. V.. Academic Press. [PSC]Google Scholar
Sutton, D. (1979) Mechanisms underlying vocal control in nonhuman primate. In: Neurobiology of social communication in primates ed. Steklis, H. D. & Raleigh, M. J., pp. 45–68. Academic Press. [WHC]Google Scholar
Sutton, D., Larson, C. & Lindeman, R. C. (1974) Neocortical and limbic lesion effects on primate phonation. Brain Research 71:61–75. [JDN]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Svennilson, E., Torvik, A., Lowe, R. & Leksell, L. (1960) Treatment of Parkinsonism by stereotactic thermolesions in the pallidal region. Acta Psychiatrica et Neurologica Scandinavica 35: 358–77. [taGAO]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tallal, P. & Newcombe, F. (1978) Impairment of auditory perception and language comprehension in dysphasia. Brain and Language 5:13–24. [WHC, taGAO, PT]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tallal, P. & Piercy, M. (1973) Developmental aphasia: Impaired rate of nonverbal processing as a function of sensory modality. Neuropsychologia 11:389–98. [PT]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tallal, P. & Piercy, M. (1974) Developmental aphasia: Rate of auditory processing and selective impairment of consonant perception. Neuropsychologia 12:83–93. [PT]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tallal, P. & Piercy, M. (1975) Developmental aphasia: The perception of brief vowels and extended stop consonants. Neuropsychologia 13:67–74. [PT]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tallal, P. & Stark, R. (1981) Acoustic analysis of speech discrimination abilities of normally developing and language impaired children. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 69: 568–74. [PT]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tallal, P., Stark, R. & Mellits, E. D. (1983) Identification of language impaired children on the basis of rapid perception and production skills. Submitted to: Science. [PT]Google Scholar
Tallal, P., Stark, R. & Curtiss, B. (1976) Relation between speech perception and speech production impairment in children with developmental dysphasia. Brain and Language 3:305–17. [PT]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tognola, G. R. & Vignolo, L. A. (1980) Brain lesions associated with oral apraxia in stroke patients: A clinic-neuro-radiological investigation with the CT scan. Neuropsychologia 18:257–72. [RDK]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tonkonogy, J. & Goodglass, H. (1981) Language function, foot of the third frontal gyrus, and Rolandic operculum. Archives of Neurology 38:486–90. [RDK]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Toth, S. (1972) Effect of electrical stimulation of subcortical sites on speech and consciousness. In: Neurophysiology studied in man, ed. Somjen, C., pp. 40–46. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica. [taGAO]Google Scholar
Trevarthen, C. (1974) Functional relations of disconnected hemispheres with the brain stem, and with each other: Monkey and man. In: Hemispheric disconnection and cerebral function, ed. Kinsbourne, M. & Smith, W. L., pp. 187–207. Thomas. [taGAO]Google Scholar
Tulving, E. (1972) Episodic and semantic memory. In: Organization of memory, ed. Tulving, E. & Donaldson, W.. Academic Press. [taGAO]Google Scholar
Van, Buren J. (1973) Discussion. In: The pulvinar-L.P. complex, ed. Cooper, I., Riklan, M. & Rakic, P.. Thomas [JWB]Google Scholar
Van, Buren J. & Bourke, R. (1969) Alterations in speech and the pulvinar. Brain 92: 255–84. [taGAO]Google Scholar
Van, Buren J., Fedio, P., & Frederick, G. (1978) Mechanism and localization of speech in the parietotemporal cortex. Neurosurgery 2:233–39. [taGAO]Google Scholar
Van, Buren J., Lewis, D., Schutte, W., Whithouse, W. & Ajome, Marsan C. (1978) Flurometric monitoring of NADH levels in cerebral cortex:Preliminary observations in human epilepsy. Neurosurgery 2: 114–21. [taGAO]Google Scholar
Van, Buren J., Li, C.-L. & Ojemann, G. (1966) The fronto-striatal arrest response in man. EEG and Clinical Neurophysiology 21:114–30. [taGAO]Google Scholar
Vroon, P. A., Timmers, H. & Tempelaars, S. (1977) On the hemispheric representation of time. In: Attention and performance, 6, ed.Dornic, S., pp. 231–45. Lawrence Erlbaum. [WHC]Google Scholar
Vygotsky, L. S. (1965) Psychology and localization of functions. Neuropsychologia 3:381–86. [JCM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wada, J. (1976) Kindling. Raven Press. [taGAO]Google ScholarPubMed
Wapner, W., Hamby, S. & Gardner, H. (1981) The role of the right hemisphere in the apprehension of complex linguistic materials. Brain and Language 14:15–33. [RDK]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Warrington, E., Logue, V. & Pratt, B. (1971) The anatomical localization of selective impairment of auditory verbal short-term memory. Neuropsychologia 9: 377–87. [taGAO]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Warrington, E. & Shallice, T. (1969) The selective impairment of auditory verbal short-term memory. Brain 92:885–96. [taGAO]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wernicke, C. (1874) Der aphasische Symptomen Komplex. Breslau: Cohn & Weigart. [FB, taGAO]Google Scholar
Whitaker, H. & Ojemann, C. (1977a) Graded localization of naming from electrical stimulation mapping of left cerebral cortex. Nature 270:(5632):50–51. [taGAO]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Whitaker, H. & Ojemann, G. (1977b) Lateralization of higher cortical functions: A critique. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 299: 459–73. [taGAO]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wood, F. (1983a) Laterality of cerebral function: Its investigation by localized indicators of metabolism. In: Cerebral functional asymmetry Method, theory, and application, ed. Hellige, J.. Praeger, in press. [FW]Google Scholar
Wood, F. (1983b) The use of localized indicators of brain metabolism to study diffusely localized aspects of central nervous system function. In: The limits of functional localization, ed. Alter, I.. Raven Press, in press. [FW]Google Scholar
Wood, F., Ebert, V. & Kinsbourne, M. (1982) The episodic-semantic memory distinction in memory and amnesia: Clinical and experimental observations. In: Human memory and amnesia, ed. Cermak, L.. Lawrence Erlbaum. [FW]Google Scholar
Wood, F., Taylor, B., Penny, R. & Stump, D. (1980) Regional cerebral blood flow response to recognition memory versus semautic classification tasks. Brain and Language 9:113–21. [FW]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zurif, E. B. & Caramazza, A. (1975) Psycholinguistic structures in aphasia: Studies in syntax and semantics. In Studies in neurolinguistics, ed. Whitaker, H. & Whitaker, H. A., vol. 1, pp. 261–92. Academic Press.Google Scholar