Hostname: page-component-54dcc4c588-sdd8f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-09-12T21:31:27.031Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Leaping up the phylogenetic scale in explaining anxiety: Perils and possibilities

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 February 2010

Marvin Zuckerman
Marvin Zuckerman
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of Delaware, Newark, Del., 19711
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'

Information

Type
Open Peer Commentary
Information
Behavioral and Brain Sciences , Volume 5 , Issue 3 , September 1982 , pp. 505 - 506
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1982

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Albert, D. J., Brayley, K. N., & Milner, J. A. (1978) Connections from the lateral septum modulating reactivity in the rat. Physiology and Behaviour 21:761–67. [taJAG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Alger, B. E., & Teyler, T. J. (1976) Long-term and short-term plasticity in the CA1, CA3 and dentate regions of the rat hippocampal slice. Brain Research 110:463–80. [taJAG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Altman, J., Brunner, R. L. & Bayer, S. A. (1973) The hippocampus and behavioral maturation. Behavioral Biology 8:557–96. [taJAG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Amaral, D. G. & Foss, J. A. (1975) Locus coeruleus lesions and learning. Science 190:569–73. [STM]Google Scholar
Amsel, A. (1962) Frustrative nonreward in partial reinforcement and discrimination learning: Some recent history and a theoretical extension. Psychological Review 69:306–28. [taJAG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Andersen, P. (1978) Long-lasting facilitation of synaptic transmission. In: Functions of the septo-hippocampal system, ed. Elliott, K. & Whelan, J., pp. 87–182. Ciba Foundation Symposium 58 (n.s.). Amsterdam: Elsevier. [taJAG]Google Scholar
Archer, J. (1973) Tests for emotionality in rats and mice: A review. Animal Behaviour 21:205–35. [rJAG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ashford, J. & Jones, B. J. (1976) The effects of intra-amygdaloid injections of 6-hydroxydopamine on avoidance responding in rats. British Journal of Pharmacology 56:255–61. [rJAG, STM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Assaf, S. Y., Mason, S. T. & Miller, J. J. (1979) Noradrenergic modulation of neuronal transmission between the entorhinal cortex and the dentate gyrus of the rat. Journal of Physiology 292:P52. [taJAG]Google ScholarPubMed
Assaf, S. Y. & Miller, J. J. (1978) Neuronal transmission in the dentate gyrus: Role of inhibitory mechanisms. Brain Research 151:587–92. [taJAG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Atkinson, J. W. & Birch, D. (1970) The dynamics of action. New York: Wiley. [rJAG, WR]Google ScholarPubMed
Atkinson, J. W. & Birch, D. (1978) Introduction to motivation. New York: Van Norstrand. [rJAG, WR]Google Scholar
Azmitia, E. C. & Segal, M. (1978) An autoradiographic analysis of the differential ascending projections of the dorsal and median raphe nucleus in the rat. Journal of Comparative Neurology 179:641–68. [taJAG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Badiet, P. (1976) Women and legal drugs: A review. In: Women: Their use of alcohol and other legal drugs, ed. Maclennon, A., pp. 57–82. Toronto: Addiction Research Foundation of Ontario. [TER]Google Scholar
Ballenger, J. C., Post, R. M., Jimerson, D.; Lake, C. R., Lerner, P., Bonney, W. E. & Goodwin, F. K. (1981) CSF noradrenergic correlations with normal anxiety. Scientific Proceedings of the American Psychiatric Association 134:235–36. [MZ]Google Scholar
Barchas, J. D., Akil, H., Elliott, G. R., Holman, R. B. & Watson, S. J. (1978) Behavioral neurochemistry: Neuroregulators and behavioral states. Science 200:964–73. [BB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Belin, M. F., Aguera, M., Tappaz, M., McRae-Deguerce, A., Bobillier, P. & Pujol, J. F. (1979) GABA-accumulating neurons in the nucleus raphe dorsalis and periaqueductal gray in the rat: A biochemical and autoradiographic study. Brain Research 170:279–97. [taJAG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beninger, R. J. & Phillips, A. G. (1979) Possible involvement of serotonin in extinction. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior 10:37–42. [taJAG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bennett, T. L., French, J. & Burnett, K. N. (1978) Species differences in the behavior correlates of hippocampal RSA. Behavioral Biology 22:161–77. [rJAG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Berger, T. W. & Thompson, R. F. (1978a) Neuronal plasticity in the limbic system during classical conditioning of the rabbit nictitating membrane response: 1. The hippocampus. Brain Research 145:323–46. [MG, tarJAG, KHP]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berger, T. W. & Thompson, R. F. (1978b) Neuronal plasticity in the limbic system during classical conditioning of the rabbit nictitating membrane response: 2. Septum and mammillary bodies. Brain Research 156:293–314. [taJAG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Birk, J. & Noble, R. G. (1981) Naloxone antagonism of diazepam-induced feeding in the Syrian hamster. Life Sciences 29:1125–31. [PS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Black, A. H. (1975) Hippocampal electrical activity and behavior. In: The hippocampus. 2. Neurophysiology and behavior, ed. Isaacson, R. L. & Pribram, K. H., pp. 129–67. New York: Plenum Press. [SDI]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Black, A. H., Nadel, L. & O'Keefe, J. (1977) Hippocampal function in avoidance learning and punishment. Psychological Bulletin 84:1107–29. [rJAG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Blanc, G. (1980) Le système dopaminergique mésocortical: Hypothèses concernant son rôle fonctionnel. Doctoral thesis. Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris. [taJAG]Google Scholar
Bland, B. H. & Vanderwolf, C. H. (1972) Electrical stimulation of the hippocampal formation: Behavioural and bioelectric effects. Brain Research 43:89–106. [rJAG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boakes, R. A. & Halliday, M. S., eds. (1972) Inhibition and learning. New York: Academic Press. [AC]Google Scholar
Bohus, B. (1981) Neuropeptides in brain functions and dysfunctions. International Journal of Mental Health 9:6–44. [BB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bohus, B., Conti, L., Kovács, G. L. & Versteeg, D. H. G. (1982) Modulation of memory processes by neuropeptides: Interaction with neurotransmitter system. In: Mechanisms and models of neural plasticity: The role of hippocampal structures, ed. Marsan, C. Ajmone & Matthies, H., pp. 75–87. New York: Raven Press. [BB]Google Scholar
Boissier, J. R., Simon, P. & Le Bourhis, B. (1969) Action psychotrope du trans-anéthole et de l'éthanol administrés conjointement à la souris. Annales de la Nutrition et de l'Alimentation 23:215–22. [rJAG, PS]Google Scholar
Bowery, N. G., Hill, D. R., Hudson, A. L., Doble, A., Middlemiss, D. N., Shaw, J. & Turnbull, M. (1980) (-)Baclofen decreases neurotransmitter release in the mammalian CNS by an action at a novel GABA receptor. Nature 283:92–94. [taJAG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brady, J. V. & Hunt, H. F. (1955) An experimental approach to the analysis of emotional behavior. Journal of Psychology 40:313–24. [JCL]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Braestrup, C. & Nielsen, M. (1980) Benzodiazepine receptors, Arzneimittelforschung 30:852–57. [rJAG]Google ScholarPubMed
Braestrup, C., Nielsen, M. & Olsen, C. E. (1980) Urinary and brain β-carboline-3-carboxylates as potent inhibitors of brain benzodiazepine receptors. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 77:2288–92. [rJAG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Braestrup, C. & Squires, R. F. (1977) Specific benzodiazepine receptors in rat brain characterized by high-affinity [3H]-diazepam binding. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 74:3805–9. [tarJAG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brayley, K. N. & Albert, D. J. (1977) Suppression of VMH-lesion-induced reactivity and aggressiveness in the rat by stimulation of lateral septum, but not medial septum or cingulate cortex. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 91:290–99. [taJAG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Broadbent, D. E. (1958) Perception and communication. New York: Pergamon Press. [STM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Broadhurst, P. L. (1960) Applications of biometrical genetics to the inheritance of behaviour. In: Experiments in Personality. 1. Psychogenetics and psychopharmacology, ed. Eysenck, H. J.. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. [rJAG]Google Scholar
Brookes, S. (1981) Behavioural aspects of septohippocampal function. D. Phil. thesis, University of Oxford. [rJAG]Google Scholar
Broverman, I. K., Broverman, D. M., Clarkson, F. E., Rosenkranz, P. S. & Vogel, S. R. (1970) Sex role stereotypes and clinical judgments in mental health. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 34:1–7. [TER]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Butters, N. & Cermak, L. S. (1975) Some analyses of amnesic syndromes in brain-damaged patients. In: The hippocampus 2. Neurophysiology and behavior, ed. Isaacson, R. L. & Pribram, K. H., pp. 377–409. New York: Plenum Press. [tarJAG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Calderazzo-Filho, L. S., Moschorakis, A. & Izquierdo, I. (1977) Effect of hippocampal lesions on rat shuttle responses in four different behavioural tests. Physiology and Behaviour 19:569–72. [NMcN]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cananzi, A. R., Costa, E. & Guidotti, A. (1980) Potentiation by intraventricular muscimol of the anticonflict effect of benzodiazepines. Brain Research 196:447–53. [rJAG, PS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carlton, P. (1963) Cholinergic mechanisms in the control of behavior by the brain. Psychological Review 70:19–39. [taJAG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carrol, E. N. & Zuckerman, M. (in press) A test of the optimal level of arousal theory of sensation seeking. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. [MZ]Google Scholar
Chambers, C. D. & White, O. Z. (1980) Characteristics of high-frequency consumers of prescription psychoactive drugs. Chemical Dependencies 4:33–46. [TER]Google ScholarPubMed
Chapman, L. J. & Chapman, J. P. (1973) Disordered thought in schizophrenia. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts. [AC]Google Scholar
Chi, C. C. (1965) The effect of amobarbital sodium on conditioned fear as measured by the potentiated startle response in rats. Psychopharmacologia 7:115–22. [rJAG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cicala, G. A. & Hartley, D. L. (1967) Drugs and the learning and performance of fear. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 64:175–78. [JCL]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Conti, J. C., Strope, E., Adams, R. N. & Marsden, C. A. (1978) Voltammetry in brain tissue: Chronic recording of stimulated dopamine and 5-hydroxy-tryptamine release. Life Sciences 23:2705–16. [rJAG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cooperstock, R. (1976) Women and psyehotropic drugs. In: Women: Their use of alcohol and other legal drugs, ed. Maclennon, A., pp. 83–112. Toronto: Addiction Research Foundation of Ontario. [TER]Google Scholar
Costa, E. & Greengard, P. eds. (1975) Mechanism of action of benzodiazepines. New York: Raven Press. [taJAG]Google ScholarPubMed
Crespi, L. P. (1942) Quantitative variation of incentive and performance in the white rat. American Journal of Psychology 55:467–517. [taJAG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crider, A. (1979) Schizophrenia: A biopsychological perspective. Hillsdale, N.J.: Erlbaum. [AC, rJAG]Google Scholar
Crider, A., Solomon, P. R. & McMahon, M. A. (In press) Disruption of selective attention in the rat following chronic d-amphetamine administration: Relationship to schizophrenic attention disorder. Biological Psychiatry. [AC]Google Scholar
Crow, T. J. (1973) Catecholamine neurones and self-stimulation: 2. A theoretical interpretation and some psychiatric implications. Psychological Medicine (Land.) 3:66–73. [taJAG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Crow, T. J., Deakin, J. F. W., File, S. E., Longden, A. & Wendlandt, S. (1978) The locus coeruleus noradrenergic system – evidence against a role in habituation, anxiety and motor activity. Brain Research 155:249–61. [rJAC, STM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dabrowska, J. & Drzewiecka, B. (1975) Comparison of the septal lesion effects on visual and spatial discrimination in rats. Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis 35:255–74. [taJAG]Google ScholarPubMed
Dalland, T. (1970) Response and stimulus perseveration in rats with septal and dorsal hippocampal lesions. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 71:114–18. [NMcN]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Davis, M. (1979) Diazepam and flurazepam: Effects on conditioned fear as measured with the potentiated startle paradigm. Psychopharmacology 62:1–7. [rJAG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Davis, M., Redmond, D. E. Jr., & Baraban, J. M. (1979) Noradrenergic agonists and antagonists: Effect on conditioned fear as measured by the potentiated startle paradigm. Psychopharmacology 65:111–18. [taJAG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Davis, N. M. (1979) The role of seretonergic and other mechanisms in behavioural responses to punishment. D. Phil, thesis, University of Oxford. [rJAG]Google Scholar
Davis, N. M., Brookes, S., Gray, J. A. & Rawlins, J. N. P. (1981) Chlordiazepoxide and resistance to punishment. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 33B:227–39. [taJAG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
de Wied, D. & Bonus, B. (1979) Modulation of memory processes by neuropeptides of hypothalamic neurohypophyseal origin. In: Brain mechanisms in memory and learning: From the single neuron to man, ed. Brazier, M. A. B., pp. 139–49. New York: Raven Press. [BB]Google Scholar
de Wied, D., van Wimersma Greidanus, Tj. B., Bohus, B., Urban, I. & Gispen, W. H. (1976) Vasopressin and memory consolidation. In: Perspectives in brain research, ed. Corner, M. A. & Swaab, D. F.. Progress in Brain Research, vol. 45, pp. 181–94. Amsterdam: Elsevier. [BB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dickinson, A. (1974) Response suppression and facilitation by aversive stimuli following septal lesions in rats: A review and model. Physiological Psychology 2:444–56. [taJAG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dickinson, A. (1980) Contemporary animal learning theory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [rJAG]Google Scholar
Divae, I., Björklund, A., Lindvall, O. & Passingham, R. E. (1978) Converging projections from the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus and mesencephalie dopaminergie neurons to the neocortex in three species. Journal of Comparative Neurology 180:59–72. [taJAG]Google Scholar
Douglas, R. J. (1966) Cues for spontaneous alternation. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 62:171–83. [NMcN]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Douglas, R. J. (1967) The hippocampus and behavior. Psychologsical Bulletin 67:416–42. [AC, taJAG, KHP]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Drewett, R. F., Gray, J. A., James, D. T. D., McNaughton, N., Valero, I. & Dudderidge, H. J. (1977) Sex and strain differences in septal driving of the hippocampal theta rhythm as a function of frequency: Effects of gonadectomy and gonadal hormones. Neuroscience 2:1033–41. [rJAG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dudar, J. D., Whishaw, I. Q. & Szerb, J. C. (1979) Release of acetylcholine from the hippocampus of freely moving rats during sensory stimulation and running. Neuropharmacology 18:673–78. [rJAG, TER]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dweck, C. S. & Wagner, A. R. (1970) Situational cues and correlation between CS and US as determinants of the conditioned emotional response. Psychonomic Science 18:145–47. [LN]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eddy, C. C. (1979) The effects of alcohol on anxiety in problem and non-problem drinking women. Alcoholism: Clinical and experimental research 3:107–14. [TER]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elliott, K. & Whelan, J., eds. (1978) Functions of the septo-hippocampal system. Ciba Foundation Symposium 58 (n.s.). Amsterdam: Elsevier. [AC, tarJAG]Google Scholar
Emson, P. C. & Koob, G. F. (1978) The origin and distribution of dopamine-containing afferents to the rat frontal cortex. Brain Research 142:249–67. [taJAG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Engel, G. L. & Schmale, A. H. (1972) Conservation-withdrawal: A primary regulatory process for organismic homeostasis. In: Physiology, emotion and psychosomatic illness, ed. Porter, R. & Knight, J., pp. 57–75. Ciba Symposium 8 (n.s.). Amsterdam: Elsevier. [taJAG]Google Scholar
Estes, W. K. & Skinner, B. F. (1941) Some quantitative properties of anxiety. Journal of Experimental Psychology 29:390–400. [rJAG, JCL]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eysenck, H. J. (1960) Classification and the problem of diagnosis. In: Handbook of abnormal psychology, ed. Eysenck, H. J.. London: Pitman. [rJAG]Google Scholar
Eysenck, H. J. (1967) The biological basis of personality. Springfield, Ill.: Charles C. Thomas. [MZ]Google Scholar
Eysenck, H. J. (1979) The conditioning model of neurosis. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 2:155–66. [taJAG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eysenck, H. J. & Eysenck, S. B. G. (1969) The structure and measurement of personality. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. [taJAC, HU]Google Scholar
Eysenck, H. J. & Eysenck, S. B. G. (1976) Psychoticism as a dimension of personality. London: Hodder & Stoughton. [taJAG, KHP]Google Scholar
Feldon, J. & Gray, J. A. (1979a) Effects of medial and lateral septal lesions on the partial reinforcement extinction effect at one trial a day. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 31:653–74. [taJAG, JNPR]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Feldon, J. & Gray, J. A. (1979b) Effects of medial and lateral septal lesions on the partial reinforcement extinction effect at short inter-trial intervals. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 31:675–90. [tarJAG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Feldon, J., Guillamon, A., Gray, J. A., De Wit, H. & McNaughton, N. (1979) Sodium amylobarbitone and responses to nonreward. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 31:19–50. [taJAG, JNPR]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fibiger, H. C. & Mason, S. T. (1978) The effect of dorsal bundle injections of 6-OHDA on avoidance responding in rats. British Journal of Pharmacology 64:601–6. [STM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
File, S. E. (1980) The use of social interaction as a method for detecting anxiolytic activity of chlordiazepoxide-like drugs. Journal of Neuroscience Methods 2:219–38. [taJAG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fillenz, M. (1977) The factors which provide short-term and long-term control of transmitter release. Progress in Neurobiohgy 8:251–78. [taJAG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flynn, J. P. (1967) The neural basis of aggression in cats. In: Neurophysiology and emotion, ed. Glass, D., pp. 40–59. New York: Rockefeller University Press. [rJAG, MLW]Google Scholar
Frankenhaueser, M. (1972) Sex differences in reactions to psychosocial stressors and psychoactive drugs. Reports of the Psychological Laboratories, No. 367, Sweden: University of Stockholm. [KHP]Google Scholar
Fuxe, K., Agnati, L. F., Bolme, P., Hökfelt, T., Lidbrink, P., Ljungdahl, A., Perez de la Mora, M. & Ögren, S. O. (1975) The possible involvement of GABA mechanisms in the action of benzodiazepines on central catecholamine neurons. In: Mechanism of action of benzodiazepines, vol. 14, ed. Costa, E. & Greengard, P., pp. 45–61. New York: Raven Press. [taJAG]Google Scholar
Gabriel, M., Foster, K., Orona, E., Saltwick, S. E. & Stanton, M. (1980) Neuronal activity of cingulate cortex, anteroventral thalamus, hippocampal formation and discriminative conditioning: Encoding and the extraction of the significance of conditional stimuli. In: Progress in psychobiology and physiological psychology vol. 9, ed. Sprague, J. M. & Epstein, A., pp. 125–231. New York: Academic Press. [MG, taJAG]Google Scholar
Gabriel, M., Miller, J. D. & Saltwick, S. E. (1977) Unit activity in cingulate cortex and anteroventral thalamus of the rabbit during differential conditioning and reversal. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 91:423–33. [taJAG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gaffan, D. (1972) Loss of recognition memory in rats with lesions of the fornix. Neuropsychologia 10:327–41. [taJAG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gaffan, D. (1974) Recognition impaired and association intact in the memory of monkeys after transection of the fornix. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 86:1100–1109. [DSO]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gaffan, D. (1976) Recognition memory in animals. In: Recall and recognition, ed. Brown, J., pp. 229–42. London: Wiley. [SDI]Google Scholar
Gaffan, D. (1977a) Monkeys' recognition memory for complex pictures and the effect of fornix transection. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 29:505–14. [taJAG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gaffan, D. (1977b) Recognition memory after short retention intervals in fornix-transected monkeys. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 29:577–88. [taJAG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gallager, D. W. (1978) Benzodiazepines: Potentiation of a GABA inhibitory response in the dorsal raphe nucleus. European Journal of Pharmacology 49:133. [taJAG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Geller, I., Bachman, E. & Seifter, J. (1963) Effects of reserpine and morphine on behavior suppressed by punishment. Life Sciences 4:226–31. [rJAG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Geller, I. & Seifter, J. (1960) The effects of meprobamate, barbiturates, D-amphetamine and promazine on experimentally induced conflict in the rat. Psychopharmacologia 1:482–92. [tarJAG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Geschwind, N. (1965) Disconnection syndromes in animals and man. Part I. Brain 88:237–94. [DSO]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gold, M. S., Byck, R., Sweeney, D. R. & Kleber, H. D. (1979) Endorphinlocus coeruleus connection mediates opiate action and withdrawal. Biomedicine 1–4. [MSG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gold, M. S. & Kleber, H. D. (1979) A rationale for opiate withdrawal symptomology. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 4:419–24. [MSG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gold, M. S. & Pottash, A. L. C. (1981) Clonidine and lofexidine: Evidence for an endorphin-norepinephrine connection mediating opiate withdrawal. In: Advance in substance abuse behavioral and biological research 3, in press. [MSG]Google Scholar
Gold, M. S., Pottash, A. L. C., Extein, I., & Kleber, H. D. (1980) Clonidine in acute opiate withdrawal. New England Journal of Medicine 302:1421–22. [MSG]Google ScholarPubMed
Gold, M. S., Pottash, A. L. C. & Sweeney, D. R. (1980) Opiate withdrawal using clonidine. Journal of the American Medical Association 243:343–46. [MSG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gold, M. S., Pottash, A. L. C., Sweeney, D. R. & Kleber, H. D. (1979) Clonidine detoxification: A fourteen day protocol for rapid opiate withdrawal. In: Problems of drug dependence, NIDA Research Monograph vol. 27, pp. 226–32. Rockville, Md.: U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare. [MSG]Google Scholar
Gold, M. S., Pottash, A. L. C., Sweeney, D. R. & Kleber, H. D. (1980) Clonidine decreases opiate withdrawal related anxiety: Possible opiate noradrenergic interaction in anxiety and panic. Substance and Alcohol Actions Misuse 1:239–46. [MSG]Google ScholarPubMed
Gold, M. S. & Redmond, D. E. (1977) Pharmacological activation and inhibition of noradrenergie activity alter specific behaviors in non-human primates, III. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts 738:250. [MSG]Google Scholar
Gold, M. S., Redmond, D. E. Jr., & Kleber, H. D. (1978) Clonidine blocks acute opiate-withdrawal symptoms. Lancet 2:599–602. [taJAG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gold, M. S., Redmond, D. E. & Kleber, H. D. (1979) NE hyperactivity in opiate withdrawal supported by clonidine reversal of opiate withdrawal. American Journal of Psychiatry 136:100–102. [MSG]Google Scholar
Gold, P. W., Reuss, V. I. & Goodwin, F. K. (1978) Hypothesis: Vasopressin in affective illness. Lancet 1:1233–36. [BB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gorman, J. M., Fyer, A. F., Glicklich, J., King, D. L. & Klein, D. F. (1981) Mitral valve prolapse and panic disorders: Effect of imipramine. In: Anxiety: New research and changing concepts, ed. Klein, D. F. & Rabkin, J. G., pp. 317–26. New York: Raven Press. [rJAG]Google Scholar
Gove, W. R. & Tudor, J. F. (1973) Adult roles and mental illness. In: Changing women in a changing society, ed. Huber, J., pp. 50–73. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. [TER]Google Scholar
Graeff, F. G., Quintero, S. & Gray, J. A. (1980) Median raphe stimulation, hippocampal theta rhythm and threat-induced behavioural inhibition. Physiology and Behavior 25:253–61. [tarJAG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Graeff, F. G. & Schoenfeld, R. I. (1970) Tryptaminergic mechanisms in punished and nonpunished behavior. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 173:277–83. [taJAG]Google ScholarPubMed
Graeff, F. G. & Silveira Filho, N. G. (1978) Behavioural inhibition induced by electrical stimulation of the median raphe nucleus of the rat. Physiology and Behavior 21:477–84. [tarJAG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grastyán, E., Lissak, K., Madarasz, I. & Donhoffer, H. (1959) Hippocampal electrical activity during the development of conditioned reflexes. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 11:409–30. [taJAG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gray, J. A. (1964) Strength of the nervous system and levels of arousal. In: Povlov's typology, ed. Gray, J. A., pp. 289–366. New York: Macmillan. [MZ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gray, J. A. (1969) Sodium amobarbital and effects of frustrative nonreward. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 69:55–64. [rJAG, JNPR]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gray, J. A. (1970a) The psychophysiological basis of introversion—extraversion. Behaviour Research and Therapy 8:249–66. [tarJAG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gray, J. A. (1970b) Sodium amobarbital, the hippocampal theta rhythm and the partial reinforcement extinction effect. Psychological Review 77:465–80. [tarJAG, TER]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gray, J. A. (1971a) The psychology of fear and stress. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. [rJAG, SDI]Google Scholar
Gray, J. A. (1971b) Sex differences in emotional behaviour in mammals including man: Endocrine bases. Acta Psychologica 35:29–46. [rJAG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gray, J. A. (1972a) Effects of septal driving of the hippocampal theta rhythm on resistance to extinction. Physiology and Behavior 8:481–90. [taJAG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gray, J. A. (1972b) The structure of the emotions and the limbic system. In: Physiology, emotion and psychosomatic illness, Ciba Foundation Symposium 8 (n.s.), ed. Porter, R. & Knight, J., pp. 87–130. Amsterdam: Associated Scientific Publishers. [rJAG]Google Scholar
Gray, J. A. (1975) Elements of a two-process theory of learning. London: Academic Press. [tarJAG, SDI, DTDJ]Google Scholar
Gray, J. A. (1976) The behavioural inhibition system: A possible substrate for anxiety. In: Theoretical and experimental bases of behaviour modification, ed. Feldman, M. P. & Broadhurst, A. M., pp. 3–41. London: Wiley. [tarJAG]Google Scholar
Gray, J. A. (1977) Drug effects on fear and frustration: Possible limbic site of action of minor tranquillizers. In: Handbook of psychopharmacology: 8. Drugs, neurotransmitters and behaviour, ed. Iversen, L. L., Iversen, S. D. & Snyder, S. H., pp. 433–529. New York: Plenum Press. [tarJAG, JCL]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gray, J. A. (1979a) Anxiety and the brain: Not by neurochemistry alone. Psychological Medicine 9:605–9. [rJAG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gray, J. A. (1979b) Emotionality in male and female rodents: A reply to Archer. British Journal of Psychology 70:425–40. [rJAG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gray, J. A. (1979c) Is there any need for conditioning in Eysenck's conditioning model of neurosis? Behavioral and Brain Sciences 2:169–71. [taJAG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gray, J. A. (1979d) Spatial mapping only a special case of hippocampal function. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 2:501–3. [taJAG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gray, J. A. (1980) On the difference between pain and fear. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 3:310. [rJAG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gray, J. A. (1981) A critique of Eysenck's theory of personality. In: A model for personality, ed. Eysenck, H. J., pp. 246–76. New York: Springer. [taJAG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gray, J. A. (1982a) The neuropsychology of anxiety: An enquiry into the functions of the septo-hippocampal system. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Gray, J. A. (1982b) On the classification of the emotions. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, in press. [tarJAG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gray, J. A. & Ball, G. G. (1970) Frequency-specific relation between hippocampal theta rhythm, behavior and amobarbital action. Science 168:1246–48. [rJAG, TER]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gray, J. A. & Buffery, A. W. H. (1971) Sex differences in emotional and cognitive behaviour in mammals including man: Adaptive and neural bases. Acta Psychologica 35:89–111. [rJAG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gray, J. A. & Drewett, R. F. (1977) The physiological basis of personality traits as illustrated by the study of sex differences. In: Handbook of modern personality theory, ed. Cattell, R. B. & Dreger, R. M., pp. 348–73. New York: Hemisphere. [rJAG]Google Scholar
Gray, J. A., Feldon, J., Rawlins, J. N. P., Owens, S. & McNaughton, N. (1978) The role of the septo-hippocampal system and its noradrenergic afferents in behavioural responses to nonreward. In: Functions of the septo-hippocampal system, ed. Elliott, K. & Whelan, J., pp. 275–300. Ciba Foundation Symposium 58 (n.s.). Amsterdam: Elsevier. [taJAG]Google Scholar
Gray, J. A. & Garrud, P. (1977) Adrenopituitary hormones and frustrative non-reward. In: Neuropeptide influences on the brain and behavior, ed. Miller, L. H., Sandman, C. A. & Kastin, A. J., pp. 201–12. New York: Raven Press. [BB, rJAG]Google Scholar
Gray, J. A. & McNaughton, N. (1982) Comparison between the behavioural effects of septal and hippocampal lesions: An annotated bibliography. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Rcviews, in press. [taJAG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gray, J. A., McNaughton, N., James, D. T. D. & Kelly, P. H. (1975) Effect of minor tranquillisers on hippocampal theta rhythm mimicked by depletion of forebrain noradrenaline. Nature 258:424–25. [tarJAG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gray, J. A., Owen, S., Davis, N. M. & Tsaltas, E. (in press) Psychological and physiological relations between anxiety and impulsivity. In: The biological basis of impulsivity and sensation seeking, ed. Zuckerman, M.. Hillsdale, N.J.: Erlbaum. [taJAG]Google Scholar
Gray, J. A. & Smith, P. T. (1969) An arousal-decision model for partial reinforcement and discrimination learning. In: Animal discrimination learning, ed. Gilbert, R. & Sutherland, N. S., pp. 243–72. London: Academic Press. [tarJAG]Google Scholar
Green, A. R. & Deakin, J. F. W. (1980) Brain noradrenaline depletion prevents ECS-induced enhancement of serotonin- and dopaminemediated behaviour. Nature 285:232–33. [taJAG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Green, J. S. & Arduini, A. (1954) Hippocampal electrical activity in arousal. Journal of Neurophysiology 17:533–57. [taJAG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Groves, P. M. & Thompson, R. F. (1970) Habituation: A dual-process theory. Psychological Review 77:419–59. [taJAG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Guidotti, A., Toffano, G. & Costa, E. (1978) An endogenous protein modulates the affinity of GABA and benzodiazepine receptors in rat brain. Nature 275:553–55. [taJAG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Guyenet, P. G. & Aghajanian, G. K. (1979) ACh, substance P and metenkephalin in the locus coeruleus: Pharmacological evidence for independent sites of action. European Journal of Pharmacology 53:319–28. [taJAC]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Haefely, W. (1981) Experimental pharmacology of the benzodiazepines. Paper given at Third World Congress of Biological Psychiatry, Stockholm. [tarJAG]Google Scholar
Hafner, J. & Marks, I. (1976) Exposure in vivo of agoraphobics: Contributions of diazepam, group exposure, and anxiety evocation. Psychological Medicine 6:71–78. [taJAG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Halliday, M. S. (1966) Exploration and fear in the rat. Symposia of the Zoological Society of London 18:45–59. [PS]Google Scholar
Han, M. F. & Livesey, P. J. (1977) Brightness discrimination learning under conditions of cue enhancement by rats with lesions in the amygdala or hippocampus. Brain Research 125:277–92. [rJAG]Google ScholarPubMed
Hare, R. D. & Cox, D. N. (1978) Clinical and empirical conceptions of psychopathy, and the selection of subjects for research. In: Psychopathic behaviour: Approaches to research, ed. Hare, R. D. & Schalling, D., pp. 1–22. Chichester: Wiley. [taJAG]Google Scholar
Hartmann, E. L. (1973) The functions of sleep. New Haven: Yale University Press. [DTDJ]Google Scholar
Harvey, J. A., Heller, A., Moore, R. Y., Hunt, H. F. & Roth, L. J. (1964) Effect of central nervous system lesions on barbiturates sleeping time in the rat. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 144:24–36. [PS]Google ScholarPubMed
Henke, P. G. (1974) Persistence of runway performance after septal lesions in rats. Journal of Cotnparatice and Physiological Psychology 86:760–67. [rJAG, JNPR]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Henke, P. G. (1976) Septal lesions and aversive nonreward. Physiology and Behaviour 17:483–88. [rJAG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hill, A. J. (1978) First occurrence of hippocampal spatial firing in a new environment. Experimental Neurology 62:282–97. [taJAG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hinde, R. A. (1954) Factors governing the changes in strength of a partially inborn response, as shown by the mobbing behaviour of the chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs). I: The nature of the response, and an examination of its course. Proceedings of the Royal Society, London, Scries B 142:306–31. [rJAG]Google Scholar
Hirsh, R. (1974) The hippocampus and contextual retrieval of information from memory: A theory. Behavioral Biology 12:421–44. [tarJAG, KHP]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hoffman, H. S. & Barrett, J. (1971) Overt activity during conditioned suppression: A search for punishment artifacts. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior 16:343–48. [JCL]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Homiller, J. D. (1980) Alcoholism among women. Chemical Dependencies 4:1–31. [TER]Google ScholarPubMed
Horel, J. A. (1978) The neuroanatomy of amnesia: A critique of the hippocampal memory hypothesis. Brain 101:403–45. [taJAG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Horel, J. A. & Keating, E. G. (1969) Partial Klüver-Bucy syndrome produced by cortical disconnection. Brain Research 16:281–84. [DSO]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Isaacson, R. L. (1974) The limbic system. New York: Plenum Press. [KHP]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Isaacson, R. L., Olton, D. S., Bauer, R. & Swart, P. (1966) The effect of training trials on passive avoidance deficits in the hippocampectomized rat. Psychonomic Science 5:419–20. [rJAG, LN]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Isaacson, R. L. & Pribram, K. H., eds. (1975) The hippocampus, vols. 1 & 2. New York: Plenum Press. [rJAG, KHP]Google Scholar
Ison, J. R. & Pennes, E. S. (1969) Interaction of amobarbital sodium and reinforcement schedule in determining resistance to extinction of an instrumental running response. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 68:215–19. [JNPR]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Iversen, L. L. & Schon, F. (1973) The use of radioautographic techniques for the identification and mapping of transmitter-specific neurons in CNS. In: New concepts of transmitter regulation, ed. Mandell, A. & Segal, D., pp. 153–93. New York: Plenum Press. [taJAG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Iversen, S. D. (1977) Brain dopamine systems and behavior. In: Handbook of psychophannacology: 8, Drugs, Neurotransmitters and Behavior, ed. Iversen, L. L., Iversen, S. D. & Snyder, S. H., pp. 333–84. New York: Plenum Press. [rJAC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jacobs, B. L., Trimbach, C., Eubanks, E. E. & Trulson, M. (1975) Hippocampal mediation of raphe lesion- and PCPA-induced hyperactivity in the rat. Brain Research 94:253–61. [taJAG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jaffard, R., Destrade, C., Durkin, T. & Ebel, A. (1979) Memory formation as related to genotypic or experimental variations of hippocampal cholinergic activity in mice. Physiology and Behaviour 22:1093–96. [taJAG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
James, D. T. D., McNaughton, N., Rawlins, J. N. P., Feldon, J. & Gray, J. A. (1977) Septal driving of hippocampal theta rhythm as a function of frequency in the free-moving male rat. Neuroscience 2:1007–17. [NMcN]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jerison, H. J. (1973) Evolution of the brain and intelligence. New York: Academic Press. [DTDJ]Google Scholar
Johnstone, E. C., Owens, D. G. C., Frith, C. D., McPherson, K., Dowie, C., Riley, G. & Gold, A. (1980) Neurotic illness and its response to anxiolytic and antidepressant treatment. Psychological Medicine 10:321–28. [taJAG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kaada, B. R. (1951) Somato-motor, autonomic and electrocorticographic responses to electrical stimulation of “rhinencephalic” and other structures in primates, cat and dog. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica 24:1–258. [rJAG, HU]Google ScholarPubMed
Kaada, B. R. (1960) Cingulate, posterior orbital, anterior insular and temporal pole cortex. In: Handbook of physiology – Neurophysiology, vol. 2, ed. Field, J., Magoun, H. W. & Hall, V. E., pp. 1345–72. Washington, D.C.: American Physiological Society. [HU]Google Scholar
Kaada, B. R., Jansen, J. & Andersen, P. (1953) Stimulation of the hippocampus and medial cortical areas in unanesthetized eats. Neurology 3:844–57. [taJAG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kamin, L. T., Brimer, C. J. & Black, A. H. (1963) Conditioned suppression as a monitor of fear of the CS in the course of avoidance training. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 56:497–501. [rJAG, JCL]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kelleher, R. T. & Morse, W. H. (1964) Escape behavior and punished behavior. Federation Proceedings of the Federation of Societies of Experimental Biology 23:808–17. [rJAG]Google ScholarPubMed
Kimble, D. P. (1968) Hippocampus and internal inhibition. Psychological Bulletin 70:285–95. [AC]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kimble, D. P. (1969) Possible inhibitory functions of the hippocampus. Neuropsychologia 7:235–44. [taJAG, KHP]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kimble, D. P. (1975) Choice behavior in rats with hippocampal lesions. In: The hippocampus: 2. Neurophysiology and behavior, ed. Isaacson, R. L. & Pribram, K. H., pp. 309–26. New York: Plenum Press. [tarJAG, KHP]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Klein, D. F. (1964) Delineation of two drug-responsive anxiety syndromes. Psychopharmacologia 5:397–408. [JP]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Klein, D. F. (1981) Anxiety reconceptualized. In: Anxiety: New research and changing concepts, ed. Klein, D. F. & Rabkin, J., pp. 235–63. New York: Raven Press. [rJAG, MZ]Google Scholar
Köhler, C., Shipley, M. T., Srebro, B. & Harkmark, W. (1978) Some retrohippocampal afferents to the entorhinal cortex: Cells of origin studied by the HRP method in the rat and mouse. Neuroscience Letters 10:115–20. [taJAC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koob, G. F., Kelley, A. F. & Mason, S. T. (1978) Locus coeruleus lesions: Learning and extinction. Physiology and Behaviour 20:709–16. [STM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kovács, G. L., Bohus, B. & Versteeg, D. H. G. (1979) Facilitation of memory consolidation by vasopressin: Mediation by terminals of the dorsal noradrenergic bundle? Brain Research 172:73–85. [BB, rJAG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kovács, G. L., Bohus, B., Versteeg, D. H. G., de Kloet, E. R. & de Wied, D. (1979) Effect of oxytocin and vasopressin on memory consolidation: Sites of action and catecholaminergic correlates after local microinjection into limbic-midbrain structures. Brain Research 175:303–14. [BB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kovács, G. L., Versteeg, D. H. G., de Kloet, E. R. & Bohus, B. (1981) Passive avoidance performance correlates with catecholamine turnover in discrete limbic brain regions. Life Sciences 28:1109–16. [BB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kramis, R. & Vanderwolf, C. H. (1980) Frequency-specific RSA-like hippocampal patterns elicited by septal, hypothalamic and brain stem electrical stimulation. Brain Research 192:383–98. [rJAG, TER]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kramis, R., Vanderwolf, C. H. & Bland, B. H. (1975) Two types of hippocampal rhythmical slow activity in both the rabbit and the rat: Relation to behavior and effects of atropine, diethyl ether, urethane and pentobarbital. Experimental Neurology 49:58–85. [TER]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kubie, J. L. & Ranck, J. B. Jr., (1981) Sensory-behavioral correlates in individual hippocampal neurons of the rat across four situations. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts 7:358. [LN]Google Scholar
Kuhl, J. & Blankenship, V. (1979) The dynamic theory of achievement motivation: From episodic to dynamic thinking. Psychological Review 86:141–51. [WR]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lader, M. (1979) The orienting reflex in anxiety and schizophrenia. In: The orienting reflex in humans, ed. Kimmel, H. D., van Olst, E. H. & Orlebeke, J. F., pp. 607–17. Hillsdale, N.J.: Erlbaum. [MZ]Google Scholar
Lader, M. H. & Wing, L. (1966) Physiological measures, sedative drugs, and morbid anxiety. Maudsley Monographs, vol. 18. London: Oxford University Press. [AC]Google Scholar
Laitinen, L. V. & Vilkki, J. (1972) Stereotaxic central anterior eingulotomy in some psychological disorders. In: Psychosurgery, ed. Hitchcock, E., Laitinen, L. & Vaernet, K., pp. 242–63. Springfield, Ill.: Thomas. [rJAG]Google Scholar
Landfield, P. W. (1976) Synchronous EEG rhythms: Their nature and possible functions in memory, information transmission and behavior. In: Molecular and functional neurobiology, ed. Gispen, W. H., pp. 387–424. Amsterdam: Elsevier. [taJAG]Google Scholar
Lavielle, S., Tassin, J. P., Thierry, H. M., Blanc, G., Hervé, , Barthelemy, C. & Glowinski, J. (1978) Blockade by benzodiazepines of the selective high increase in dopamine turnover induced by stress in mesocortical dopaminergic neurons of rat. Brain Research 168:585–94. [taJAG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leaf, R. J. & Muller, S. A. (1965) Simple method for CER conditioning and measurement. Psychological Reports 17:211–15. [rJAG, JCL]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Leeson, J. & Gray, J. (1978) Women and medicine. London: Tavistock Publications. [TER]Google Scholar
Le Fur, G., Mizoule, J., Burgelin, M. C., Ferris, O., Heaulme, M., Gauthier, A., Gueremy, C. & Uzan, A. (1981) Multiple benzodiazepines receptors: Evidence of a dissociation between anticonflict and antieonvulsant properties by PK 8165 and PK 9084 (two quinoline derivatives). Life Sciences 28:139–48. [rJAG, PS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Leichnetz, G. P. & Astruc, J. (1976) The efferent projections of the medial prefrontal cortex in the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus). Brain Research 109:455–72. [taJAG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lennane, J. K. & Lennane, J. J. (1973) Alleged psychogenic disorders inwomen: A possible manifestation of sexual prejudices. New England Journal of Medicine 288:288–92. [TER]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leonard, C. M. (1969) The prefrontal cortex of the rat: I. Cortical projections of the medio-dorsal nucleus. II. Efferent connections. Brain Research 12:321–43. [rJAG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leslie, J. C. & Garrud, P. (1976) Conditioned suppression of a positively reinforced shuttle response. Animal Learning and Behavior 4:99–104. [JCL]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leung, L. S. & Vanderwolf, C. H. (1980) Behavior-dependent evoked potentials in the hippocampal CAI region of the rat: II. Effect of eserine, atropine, ether and pentobarbital. Brain Research 198:119–33. [TER]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levis, D. J. & Hare, N. P. (1977) A review of the theoretical rationale and empirical support for the extinction approach of implosive (flooding) therapy. In: Progressive behavior modification, ed. Hersen, M., Eisler, R. M. & Moller, P. M., vol. 4, pp. 299–376. New York: Academic Press. [taJAG]Google Scholar
Lewis, J. K., Young, L. D., McKinney, W. T. & Kraemer, G. W. (1976) Mother-infant separation as a model of human depression: A reconsideration. Archives of General Psychiatry 33:699–705. [rJAG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lidbrink, P., Corrodi, H., Fuxe, K. & Olson, L. (1973) The effects of benzodiazepines, meprobamate, and barbiturates on central monoamine neurons. In: The benzodiazepines, ed. Garattini, S., Mussini, E. & Randall, L. O., pp. 203–23. New York: Raven Press. [taJAG]Google ScholarPubMed
Lippa, A. S., Coupet, J., Greenblatt, E. N., Klepner, C. H. & Beer, B. (1979) A synthetic non-benzodiazepine ligand for benzodiazepine receptors: Probe for investigating neuronal substrates of anxiety. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior 11:99–106. [rJAG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lorden, J. F., Richert, E. J., Dawson, R. & Pelleymounter, M. A. (1980) Forebrain norepinephrine and the selective processing of informaiton. Brain Research 190:569–73. [rJAG, STM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lubar, J. F. & Perachio, A. A. (1965) One-way and two-way learning and transfer of an active avoidance response in normal and cingulectomized cats. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 60:46–52. [MLW]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lynch, G. S., Rose, G. & Gall, C. M. (1978) Anatomical and functional aspects of the septo-hippocampal projections. In: Functions of the septohippocampal system, ed. Elliott, K. & Whelan, J.. Ciba Foundation Symposium 58 (n.s.), pp. 5–20. Amsterdam: Elsevier. [rJAG]Google Scholar
Lyons, W. (1980) Emotion. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [WL]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCleary, R. A. (1966) Response-modulating functions of the limbic system: Initiation and suppression. In: Progress in physiological psychology, ed. Stellar, E. & Sprague, J. M., vol. 1, pp. 209–72. New York: Academic Press. [taJAG, HU, MLW]Google Scholar
McGrory, A. (1980) Women and mental illness: A sexist trap? Journal of Psychiatric Nursing and Mental Health Services 18:16–22. [TER]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mackintosh, N. J. (1974) The psychology of animal learning. New York: Academic Press. [JNPR]Google Scholar
McNair, D. M. & Kahn, R. J. (1981) Imipramine compared with a benzodiazepine for agoraphobia. In: Anxiety: New research and changing concepts, ed. Klein, D. F. & Rabkin, J. G., pp. 69–79. New York: Raven Press. [rJAG]Google Scholar
McNaughton, N., Azmitia, E. C., Williams, J. H., Buchan, A. & Gray, J. A. (1980) Septal elicitation of hippocampal theta rhythm after localized deafferentation of serotonergic fibres. Brain Research 200:259–69. [rJAG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McNaughton, N. & Feldon, J. (1980) Spontaneous alternation of body turns and place: Differential effects of amylobarbitone, scopolamine and septal lesions. Psychopharmacohgy 68:201–6. [taJAG, NMcN]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McNaughton, N., James, D. T. D., Stewart, J., Gray, J. A., Valero, I. & Drewnowski, A. (1977) Septal driving of hippocampal theta rhythm as a function of frequency in the male rat: Effects of drugs. Neuroscience 2:1019–27. [tarJAG, NMcN]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McNaughton, N. & Mason, S. T. (1980) The neuropsychology and neuropharmacology of the dorsal ascending noradrenergic bundle - a review. Progress in Neurobiology 14:157–219. [tarJAG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McNaughton, N. & Sedgwick, E. M. (1978) Reticular stimulation and hippocampal theta rhythm in rats: Effects of drugs. Neuroscience 3:629–32. [NMcN]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Macadar, A. W., Chalupa, L. M., & Lindsley, D. B. (1974) Differentiation of brain stem loci which affect hippocampal and neocortical electrical activity. Experimental Neurology 43:499–514. [KHP]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mahut, H. (1971) Spatial and object reversal learning in monkeys with partial temporal lobe ablations. Neuropsychologia 9:409–24. [KHP]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Maier, S. F., Davies, S., Grau, J. W., Jackson, R. L., Morrison, D. H., Moye, T., Madden, J. IV, & Barchas, J. (1980) Opiate antagonists and long-term analgesic reaction induced by inescapable shock in rats. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 94:1172–83. [KHP]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Maier, S. F. & Seligman, M. E. P. (1976) Learned helplessness: Theory and evidence. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 105:3–46. [taJAG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maki, W. S., Brokofsky, S. & Berg, B. (1979) Spatial memory in rats: Resistance to retroactive interference. Animal Learning and Behavior 7:25–30. [LN]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mason, S. T. (1979) The dorsal bundle extinction effect: Motivation or attention? Physiology and Behaviour 23:43–51. [rJAG, STM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mason, S. T. (1980) Noradrenaline and selective attention: A review of the model and the evidence. Life Sciences 27:617–31. [STM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mason, S. T. (1981) Noradrenaline in the brain: Progress in theories of behavioural function. Progress in Neurobiology 16:263–303. [rJAG, STM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mason, S. T. & Fibiger, H. C. (1978a) Evidence for a role of brain noradrenaline in attention and stimulus sampling. Brain Research 159:421–26. [STM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mason, S. T. & Fibiger, H. C. (1978b) Noradrenaline and partial reinforcement in rats. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 92:1110–18. [rJAG, STM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mason, S. T. & Fibiger, H. C. (1978c) 6-OHDA lesion to the dorsal noradrenergic bundle alters extinction of passive avoidance. Brain Research 152:209–14. [STM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mason, S. T. & Fibiger, H. C. (1979a) Anxiety: The locus coeruleus disconnection. Life Sciences 25:2141–47. [STM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mason, S. T. & Fibiger, H. C. (1979b) The dorsal bundle extinction effect: Dependence on subtle changes in acquisition. Brain Research 166:341–48. [STM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mason, S. T. & Fibiger, H. C. (1979c) The dorsal noradrenergic bundle and varieties of passive avoidance. Psychopharmacohgy 66:179–82. [STM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mason, S. T. & Fibiger, H. C. (1979d) Noradrenaline and avoidance learning in the rat. Brain Research 161:321–34. [tarJAG, STM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mason, S. T. & Fibiger, H. C. (1979e) Noradrenaline, fear and extinction. Brain Research 165:47–56. [rJAG, STM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mason, S. T. & Fibiger, H. C. (1979f) Noradrenaline and selective attention. Life Sciences 25:1949–56. [rJAG, STM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mason, S. T. & Iversen, S. D. (1975) Learning in the absence of forebrain noradrenaline. Nature 258:422–24. [taJAG, STM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mason, S. T. & Iversen, S. D. (1977) Effects of selective forebrain noradrenaline loss on behavioural inhibition. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 91:165–73. [STM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mason, S. T. & Iversen, S. D. (1978a) The dorsal noradrenergic bundle, extinction and nonreward. Physiology and Behavior 21:1043–45. [rJAG, STM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mason, S. T. & Iversen, S. D. (1978b) Reward, attention and the dorsal noradrenergic bundle. Brain Research 150:135–48. [STM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mason, S. T. & Iversen, S. D. (1979) Theories of the dorsal bundle extinction effect. Brain Research Reviews 1:107–37. [tarJAG, STM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mason, S. T. & Lin, D. (1980) Noradrenaline and selective attention in the rat. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 94:819–32. [rJAG, STM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mathews, A. (1978) Fear-reduction research and clinical phobias. Psychological Bulletin 85:390–404. [taJAG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Meibach, R. C. & Siegel, A. (1977) Subicular projections to the posterior cingulate cortex in rats. Experimental Neurology 57:264–74. [taJAG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mellanby, J., Gray, J. A., Quintero, S., Holt, L. & McNaughton, N. (1981) Septal driving of hippocampal theta rhythm: A role for gamma-amino-butyrate in the effects of minor tranquillizers? Neuroscience 6:1413–21. [tarJAG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mellinger, G. D., Balder, M. B., Manheimer, D. I., Cisin, I. H. & Parry, H. J. (1978) Psychic distress, life crises and use of psycho-therapeutic medications: National household survey data. Archives of General Psychiatry 35:1045–52. [TER]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miczek, K. A. (1973) Effects of scopolamine, amphetamine and benzodiazepines on conditioned suppression. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior 1:401–11. [rJAG, JCL]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Millenson, J. R. & Leslie, J. C. (1974) The conditioned emotional response as a baseline for the study of anti-anxiety drugs. Neuropharmacology 13:1–9. [JCL]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, N. E. (1961) Some recent studies of conflict behavior and drugs. American Psychologist 16:12–24. [JCL]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, N. E. (1976) Learning, stress and psychosomatic symptoms. Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis 36:141–56. [taJAG]Google ScholarPubMed
Milner, B. (1970) Memory and the medial temporal regions of the brain. In: Biology of memory, ed. Pribram, K. H. & Broadbent, D. E., pp. 29–50. New York: Academic Press. [taJAG, KHP]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mirrin, S. M., Meyer, R. E. & McNamee, B. (1976) Psychopathology and mood during heroin abuse: Acute vs chronic. Archives of General Psychiatry 33:1503–08. [MSG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mishkin, M. (1958) Visual discrimination impairment after cutting cortical connections between the inferotemporal and striate areas in monkeys. American Psychologist 13:414–32. [DSO]Google Scholar
Mishkin, M. (1966) Visual mechanisms beyond the striate cortex. In: Frontiers of physiological psychology, ed. Russell, R., pp. 93–119. New York: Academic Press. [DSO]Google Scholar
Mitchell, S. J., Rawlins, J. N. P., Steward, O. & Olton, D. S. (in press) Medial septal area lesions disrupt theta rhythm and cholinergic staining in medial entorhinal cortex and produce impaired radial arm maze behavior in rats. Journal of Neuroscience. [rJAG, DSO]Google Scholar
Modigh, K. (1975) Electroconvulsive shock and postsynaptic catecholamine effects: Increased psychomotor stimulant action of apomorphine and clonidine in reserpine pretreated mice by repeated ECS. Journal of Neural Transmission 36:19–32. [taJAG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Modigh, K. (1976) Long-term effects of electroconvulsive shock therapy on synthesis, turnover and uptake of brain monoamines. Psychopharmacology 49:179–85. [taJAG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Möhler, H. & Okada, T. (1977) Benzodiazepine receptor: Demonstration in the central nervous system. Science 198:849–51. [tarJAG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Moore, J. W. & Solomon, P. R., eds. (1980) The role of the hippocampus in learning and memory. Physiological Psychology June (special edition). [AC]Google Scholar
Morris, L. W. & Liebert, R. M. (1970) Relationship of cognitive and emotional components of test anxiety to psychological arousal and academic performance. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 35:332–37. [WR]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Morris, R. G. M. (1981) Spatial localization does not require the presence of local cues. Learning and Motivation 12:239–60. [LN]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morris, R. G. M., Garrud, P. & Rawlins, J. N. P. (1981) Hippocampal ablation causes spatial reference memory deficit in the rat. Society for Neuroscience Abstract. 7:237. [rJAG, LN]Google Scholar
Mulford, H. A. (1977) Women and men problem drinkers: Sex differences in patients served by Iowa's community alcoholism centers. Journal for the Study of Alcohol 38:1624–39. [TER]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Myhrer, T. (1980) Behavioral studies after selective disruption of hippocampal inputs in albino rats. Doctoral dissertation, University of Oslo. [rJAG]Google Scholar
Nadel, L. & O'Keefe, J. (1974) The hippocampus in pieces and patches: An essay on modes of explanation in physiological psychology. In: Essays on the nervous system. A festschrift for Professor J. Z. Young, ed. Bellairs, R. & Gray, E. G.. Oxford: Clarendon Press. [taJAG]Google Scholar
Nadel, L. & Willner, J. (1980) Context and conditioning: A place for space. Physiological Psychology 8:218–28. [LN]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Neary, R. S. & Zuckerman, M. (1976) Sensation seeking, trait and state anxiety and the electrodermal orienting reflex. Psychophysiology 13:205–11. [MZ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nielsen, M., Braestrup, C. & Squires, R. F. (1978) Evidence for a late evolutionary appearance of brain-specific benzodiazepine receptors: An investigation of 18 vertebrate and 5 invertebrate species. Brain Research 141:346–56. [taJAG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Niki, H. & Watanabe, M. (1976) Cingulate unit activity and delayed response. Brain Research 110:381–86. [taJAG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
O'Connell, R. H. (1964) Comparison of alternation and response to stimulus change. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 57:362–66. [NMcN]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Oclling-Smee, F. J. (1975) Background stimuli and the inter-stimulus interval during Pavlovian conditioning. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 27:387–92. [rJAG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ögren, S. O. & Fuxe, K. (1977) The role of brain noradrenaline and the pituitary-adrenal axis in learning. Brain Research 127:372–73. [taJAG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Öhman, A. (1972) Factor analytically derived components of orienting, defensive and conditioned behavior in electrodermal conditioning. Psychophysiology 9:199–209. [rJAG, HU]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Öhman, A. (1979) Fear relevance, autonomic conditioning, and phobias: A laboratory model. In: Trends in behavior therapy, ed. Sjöden, P. O., Bates, S. & Dockens, W. W., pp. 107–33. New York: Academic Press. [taJAG]Google Scholar
Oke, A. F. & Adams, R. N. (1978) Selective attention dysfunction in adult rats treated neonatally with 6-hydroxydopamine. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior 9:429–32. [STM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O'Keefe, J. & Dostrovsky, J. (1971) The hippocampus as a spatial map: Preliminary evidence from unit activity in the free-moving rat. Brain Research 34:171–75. [taJAG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O'Keefe, J. & Nadel, L. (1978) The hippocampus as a cognitive map. Oxford: Clarendon Press. [AC, tarJAG, SDI, DTDJ, DPK, NMcN, LN, KHP, JNPR]Google Scholar
O'Keefe, J. & Nadel, L. (1979) Précis of The hippocampus as a cognitive map. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 2:487–533. [LN]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olsen, R. W. (1981) GABA-benzodiazepine-barbiturate receptor interactions. Journal of Neurochemistry 37:1–13. [rJAG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Olton, D. S. (1978a) Characteristics of spatial memory. In: Cognitive processes in animal behavior, ed. Hulse, S. H., Fowler, H. & Honig, W. K., pp. 341–73. Hillsdale, N.J.: Erlbaum. [taJAC]Google Scholar
Olton, D. S. (1978b) The function of septo-hippocampal connections in spatially organized behaviour. In: Functions of the septo-hippocampal system, ed. Elliott, K. & Whelan, J., pp. 327–42. Ciba Foundation Symposium 58 (n.s.). Amsterdam: Elsevier. [taJAG, DSO]Google Scholar
Olton, D. S., Becker, J. T. & Handelmann, G. E. (1979) Hippocampus, space, and memory. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 2:313–22. [AC, taJAG, SDI, DSO, JNPR]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olton, D. S. & Isaacson, R. L. (1968) Hippocampal lesions and active avoidance. Physiology and Behavior 3:719–24. [rJAG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olton, D. S. & Noonberg, A. R. (1980) Biofeedback: Clinical applications in behavioral medicine. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall. [DSO]Google Scholar
Olton, D. S. & Papas, B. C. (1979) Spatial memory and hippocampal function. Neuropsychologia 17:669–82. [rJAG, DSO]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Olton, D. S., Walker, J. A. & Wolf, W. A. (in press) A disconnection analysis of the role of tbe hippocampus in working memory. Brain Research. [DSO]Google Scholar
Oscar-Berman, M. O. & Samuels, I. (1977) Stimulus preference and memory factors in Korsakoff's syndrome. Neuropsychologia 15:99–106. [taJAG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Owen, S. (1979) Investigations of the role of the dorsal ascending noradrenergic bundle in behavioural responses to nonreward and novelty in the rat. D. Phil, thesis. University of Oxford. [taJAG]Google Scholar
Owen, S., Boarder, M. R., Feldon, J., Gray, J. A. & Fillenz, M. (1978) Role of forebrain noradrenaline in reward and nonreward. In: Catecholamines: Basic and clinical frontiers, ed. Usdin, E., Kopin, I. & Barchas, J., pp. 1678–80. New York: Pergamon Press. [STM]Google Scholar
Owen, S., Boarder, M. R. & Gray, J. A. (1977) The effects of depletion of forebrain noradrenaline on the runway behaviour of rats. Experimental Brain Research 28:R32–33. [taJAC, STM]Google Scholar
Owen, S., Boarder, M. R., Gray, J. A. & Fillenz, M. (1982) Acquisition and extinction of continuously and partially reinforced running in rats with lesions of the dorsal and noradrenergic bundle. Behavioral Brain Research 5:11–41. [taJAG, STM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Panksepp, J. (1982) Toward a general psychobiological theory of emotions. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 5:407–467. [rJAC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Panksepp, J., Gandelman, R. & Trowill, J. (1970) Modulation of hypothalamic self-stimulation and escape behavior by chlordiazepoxide. Physiology & Behavior 5:965–69. [JP]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Panksepp, J., Meeker, R. & Bean, N. J. (1980) The neurochemical control of crying. Pharmacology, Biochemistry & Behavior 12:437–43. [JP]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Papez, J. W. (1937) A proposed mechanism of emotion. Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry 38:725–43. [tarJAG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parmeggiani, P. L., Azzaroni, A. & Lenzi, P. (1971) On the functional significance of the circuit of Papez. Brain Research 30:357–74. [taJAC]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Parmeggiani, P. L., Lenzi, P. & Azzaroni, A. (1974) Transfer of the hippocampal output by the anterior thalamic nuclei. Brain Research 67:269–78. [taJAG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Passingham, R. E. (1975) The brain and intelligence. Brain Behavior and Evolution 11:1–15. [DTDJ]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Paykel, E. S. (1971) Classification of depressed patients: A cluster analysis derived grouping. British Journal of Psychiatry 118:275–88. [taJAG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Paykel, E. S., Parker, R. R., Penrose, R. J. J. & Rassaby, E. R. (1979) Depressive classification and prediction of response to phenelzine. British Journal of Psychiatry 134:572–81. [taJAG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Petsche, H., Stumpf, Ch. & Gogolak, G. (1962) The significance of the rabbit's septum as a relay station between the midbrain and the hippocampus: 1. The control of hippocampus arousal activity by the septum cells. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 14:202–11. [taJAG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pisa, M. & Fibiger, H. C. (1980) Noradrenaline and discrimination learning: Failure to support the attentional hypothesis. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts 6:724. [rJAG]Google Scholar
Plaznik, A. & Kostowski, W. (1980) Locus coeruleus lesions and avoidance behaviour in rats. Acta Neurobiologica Experimentalis 40:217–25. [STM]Google ScholarPubMed
Pole, P., Ropert, N. & Weight, D. M. (1981) Ethyl β-carboline-3-carboxylate antagonizes the action of GABA and benzodiazepines in the hippocampus. Brain Research 217:216–20. [rJAG, PS]Google Scholar
Powell, G. E. (1979) Brain and personality. London: Saxon House. [taJAG]Google Scholar
Prather, J. & Fidell, L. S. (1975) Sex differences in the content and style of medical advertisements. Social Science and Medicine 9:23–26. [TER]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pribram, K. H. & Isaacson, R. L. (1975) Summary statement. In: The hippocampus, vol. 2, ed. Isaacson, R. L. & Pribram, K. H.. New York: Plenum Press. [rJAG, KHP]Google Scholar
Pribram, K. H. & Kruger, L. (1954) Functions of the “olfactory” brain. Annals of the New fork Academy of Science 58:109–38. [KHP]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pribram, K. H. & Maclean, P. D. (1953) A neuronographic analysis of the medial and basal cerebral cortex: II. Monkey. Journal of Neurophysiolog 16:324–40. [KHP]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pribram, K. H. & McGuinness, D. (1975) Arousal, activation and effort in tin control of attention. Psychological Review 82:116–49. [rJAG, KHP]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rachman, S. & Hodgson, R. (1979) Obsessions and compulsions. New York: Prentice Hall. [tarJAG]Google Scholar
Ranck, J. B. Jr., (1975) Behavioral correlates and firing repertoires of neuron: in the dorsal hippocampal formation and septum of unrestrained rats. In: The hippocampus: 2. Neurophysiology and behavior, ed. Isaacson, R. L. & Pribram, K. H., pp. 207–44. New York: Plenum Press. [TER]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ransom, B. R. & Barker, J. L. (1976) Pentobarbital selectively enhances GABA-mediated post-synaptic inhibition in tissue cultured mouse spinal neurons. Brain Research 114:530–35. [taJAG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rawlins, J. N. P., Feldon, J. & Gray, J. A. (1979) Septo-hippocampal connections and the hippocampal theta rhythm. Experimental Brain Research 37:49–63. [rJAG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rawlins, J. N. P., Feldon, J. & Gray, J. A. (1980) The effects of hippocampectomy and of fimbria section upon the partial reinforcement extinction effect in rats. Experimental Brain Research 38:273–83. [taJAG, JNPR]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Redmond, D. E. Jr., (1979) New and old evidence for the involvement of a brain norepinephrine system in anxiety. In: Phenomenology and treatment of anxiety, ed. Fann, W. G., Karacan, I., Pokorny, A. D. & Williams, R. L., pp. 153–203. New York: Spectrum. [taJAG]Google Scholar
Redmond, D. E., Gold, M. S. & Huang, Y. H. (1978) Enkephalin acts to inhibit locus coeruleus mediated behaviors. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts 4:413. [MSG]Google Scholar
Redmond, D. E., Huang, Y. H., Snyder, D. R. & Maas, J. W. (1976) The behavioural effects of stimulation of the locus coeruleus in the stumptail monkey (Macaca arctoides). Brain Research 116:502–10. [STM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Redmond, D. E., Huang, Y. H., Baulu, J. & Gold, M. S. (1979) Evidence for the involvement of a brain norepinephrine system in anxiety. In Catecholamines: Basic and clinical frontiers, ed. Usdin, E., Kopin, I. & Barchas, J., pp. 1693–95. New York: Pergamon Press. [MSG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rensch, B. (1955) Increase of learning capability with increase of brain size. American Naturalist 90:81–96. [DTDJ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Revelle, W., Humphreys, M. S., Simon, L. & Gilliland, K. (1980) The interactive effect of personality, time of day and caffeine: A test of the arousal model. Journal of Experimental Psychology (General) 109:1–31. [rJAG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Revelle, W. & Michaels, E. J. (1976) The theory of achievement motivation revisited: The implications of inertial tendencies. Psychological Review, 83:394–404. [WR]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rickels, K. (1978) Use of anti-anxiety agents in anxious outpatients. Psychopharmacology 58:1–17. [taJAG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rickert, E. J., Bennett, T. L., Lane, P. & French, J. (1978) Hippocampectomy and the attenuation of blocking. Behavioral Biology 22:147–60. [taJAG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rilling, M., Askew, H. R., Ahlskog, J. E. & Kramer, T. J. (1969) Aversive properties of the negative stimulus in a successive discrimination. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behaviour 12:917–32. [STM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roberts, D. C. S. & Fibiger, H. C. (1977) Evidence for interactions between central noradrenergic neurons and adrenal hormones in learning and memory. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behaviour 7:191–94. [STM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Roberts, D. C. S., Price, M. T. C. & Fibiger, H. C. (1976) The dorsal tegmental noradrenergic projection: Analysis of its role in maze learning. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 90:363–72. [STM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Robinson, T. E. (1980) Hippocampal rhythmic slow activity (RSA; theta): A critical analysis of selected studies and discussion of possible species-differences. Brain Research Reviews 2:69–101. [rJAG, TER]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robinson, T. E. & Vanderwolf, C. H. (1978) Electrical stimulation of the brain stem in freely moving rats: 2. Effects on hippocampal and neocortical electrical activity and relations to behavior. Experimental Neurology 61:485–515. [taJAG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robinson, T. E., Vanderwolf, C. H. & Pappas, B. A. (1977) Are the dorsal noradrenergic bundle projections from the locus coeruleus important for neocortical or hippocampal activation? Brain Research 138:75–98. [NMcN]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rosen, A. J., Glass, D. H. & Ison, J. R. (1967) Amobarbital sodium and instrumental performance following reward reduction. Psychonomic Science 9:25–32. [taJAG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roth, K. A., Mefford, I. & Barchas, J. (in press) Epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin: Differential effects of acute and chronic stress on regional brain amines. Brain Research [KHP]Google Scholar
Roth, M. (1979) A classification of affective disorders based on a synthesis of new and old concepts. In: Research in the psychobiology of human behavior, ed. Meyer, E. III, & Brady, J. V., pp. 75–114. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. [taJAG]Google Scholar
Rudell, A. P., Fox, S. E. & Ranck, J. B. Jr., (1980) Hippocampal excitability phase-locked to the theta rhythm in walking rats. Experimental Neurology 68:87–96. [taJAG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rycroft, C. (1970) Anxiety and neurosis. Pelican. [WL]Google Scholar
Sanger, D. J. & Blackman, D. E. (1976) Effects of chlordiazepoxide, ripazepam and D-amphetamine on conditioned deceleration of timing behaviour in rats. Psychopharmacology 48:209–15. [rJAG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schildkraut, J. J. (1965) The catecholamine hypothesis of affective disorders: A review of supporting evidence. American Journal of Psychiatry 122:509–22. [taJAG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Scobie, S. R. & Garske, G. (1970) Chlordiazepoxide and conditioned suppression. Psychopharmacologia 16:272–80. [JCL]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Scott, J. P. (1974) Effects of psychotropic drugs on separation distress in dogs. Proceedings of the 9th Congress of Neuropsychopharmacology (Paris), Excerpta Medica International Congress Series, no. 359:pp. 735–45. [JP]Google Scholar
Segal, M. (1977a) Afferents to the entorhinal cortex of the rat studied by the method of retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase. Experimental Neurology 57:750–65. [taJAG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Segal, M. (1977b) Changes in interhemispheric hippocampal responses during conditioning in the awake rat. Experimental Brain Research 29:553–65. [taJAG]Google ScholarPubMed
Segal, M. (1977c) The effects of brainstem priming stimulation on interhemispheric hippocampal responses in the awake rat. Experimental Brain Research 28:529–41. [taJAG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Segal, M. (1977d) Excitability changes in rat hippocampus during conditioning. Experimental Neurology 55:67–73. [taJAG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Segal, M. (1980) The noradrenergic innervation of the hippocampus. In: The reticular formation revisited, ed. Hobson, J. A. & Brazier, M. A. B., pp. 415–25. New York: Raven Press. [taJAG]Google Scholar
Seggie, J. & Brown, G. M. (1976) The effects of ablation of the septal nuclei in the rat on circadian variation and stress response pattern of corticosterone, growth hormone and prolactin. In: The septal nuclei, ed. De France, J. F., pp. 335–44. New York: Plenum Press. [HU]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Seligman, M. E. P. (1971) Phobias and preparedness. Behavioral Therapy 2:307–20. [taJAG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seligman, M. E. P. (1975) Helplessness. San Francisco: Freeman. [taJAG]Google ScholarPubMed
Sessions, G. R., Kant, G. J. & Koob, G. F. (1976) Locus coeruleus lesions and learning in the rat. Physiology and Behavior 17:853–59. [STM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shepard, M., Cooper, B., Brown, A. C. & Kalton, G. W. (1969) Minor mental illness in London: Some aspects of a general practice survey. British Medical Journal 2:1359–63. [TER]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shute, C. C. D. & Lewis, P. R. (1967) The ascending cholinergic reticular system: Neocortical, olfactory and snbcortical projections. Brain 90:497–520. [taJAG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sikorsky, R. D., Donovick, P. J., Burright, R. G. & Chin, T. (1977) Experiential effects on acquisition and reversal of discrimination tasks by albino rats with septal lesions. Physiology and Behaviour 18:231–36. [taJAG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Simon, H., Le Moal, M., Stinus, L. & Calas, A. (1979) Anatomical relationships between the ventral mesencephalic tegmentnin-A10 region and the locus coeruleus as demonstrated by anterograde and retrograde tracing techniques. Journal of Neural Transmission 44:77–86. [taJAG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Simon, P., Fraisse, B., Tillement, J. P., Guernet, M. & Boissier, J. R. (1968) Actions de quelques substances psychotropes sur la souris en situation libre soumise à un stimulus exteroceptif. Thérapie 23:1277–85. [rJAG]Google Scholar
Simon, P. & Soubrié, P. (1979) Behavioral studies to differentiate anxiolytic and sedative activity of the tranquilizing drugs. In: Modern problems in pharmacopsychiatry: 14. Differential psychopharmacology of anxiolytics and sedatives, ed. Boissier, J. R., pp. 99–143. Basel: Karger. [PS]Google Scholar
Simonov, P. V. (1974) On the role of the hippocampus in the integrative activity of the brain. Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentally 34:33–41. [DTDJ]Google ScholarPubMed
Solomon, P. R. (1977) Role of the hippocampus in blocking and conditioned inhibition of the rabbit's nictitating membrane response. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 91:407–17. [AC, tarJAG, LN]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Solomon, P. R. (1979) Temporal versus spatial information processing views of hippocampal function. Psychological Bulletin 86:1272–79. [AC, JAG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Solomon, P. R., Crider, A., Winkelman, J. W., Turi, A., Kamer, R. M. & Kaplan, L. J. (1981) Disrupted latent inhibition in the rat with chronic amphetamine or haloperidol-induced supersensitivity: Relationship to schizophrenic attention disorder. Biological Psychiatry 16:519–37. [AC]Google ScholarPubMed
Solomon, P. R. & Moore, J. W. (1975) Latent inhibition and stimulus generalization of the classically conditioned nictitating membrane response in rabbits following dorsal hippocampal ablation. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 89:1192–1203. [taJAG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Soubrié, P., Jobert, A. & Thiébot, M. H. (1980) Differential effects of naloxone against the diazepam-induced release of behavior in rats in three aversive situations. Psychopharmacology 69:101–5. [rJAG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Spence, J. T. & Spence, K. W. (1966) The motivational components of manifest anxiety: Drive and drive stimuli. In: Anxiety and behavior, ed. Spielberger, C. D., pp. 291–326. London: Academic Press. [WR]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spevack, A. A. & Pribram, K. H. (1973) Decisional analysis of the effects of limbic lesions on learning in monkeys. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 82:211–26. [KHP]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Squires, R. F., Benson, D. I., Braestrup, C., Coupet, J., Klepner, C. A., Myers, V. & Beer, B. (1979) Some properties of brain specific bencodiazepine receptors: New evidence for multiple receptors. Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior 10:825–30. [HU]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stein, L. (1968) Chemistry of reward and punishment. In: Psychopharmacology: A review of progress 1957–1967, ed. Efron, D. H., pp. 105–23. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. [taJAG]Google Scholar
Stein, L. (1978) Reward transmitters; Catecholamines and opioid peptides. In: Psychopharmacology: A generation of progress, ed. Lipton, M. A., DiMascio, A. & Killam, K. F., pp. 569–81. New York: Raven Press. [rJAG, MZ]Google Scholar
Stein, L., Wise, C. D. & Berger, B. D. (1973) Anti-anxiety action of benzodiazepines: Decrease in activity of serotonin neurons in the punishment system. In: The benzodiazepines, ed. Garattini, S., Mussini, E. & Randall, L. O., pp. 299–326. New York: Raven Press. [taJAG]Google Scholar
Stone, E. A. (1975) Stress and Catecholamines. In: Catecholamines and behavior, ed. Friedhoff, A. J., vol. 2, pp. 31–72. New York: Plenum Press. [taJAG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stone, E. A. (1979) Subsensitivity to norepinephrine as a link between adaptation to stress and antidepressant therapy: An hypothesis. Research Communications in Psychology, Psychiatry and Behavior 4:241–55. [taJAC]Google Scholar
Sulser, F. (1978) Tricyclic antidepressants: Animal pharmacology (biochemical and metabolic aspects). In: Handbook of psychophannacology: 14. Affective disorders: Drug actions in animals and man, ed. Iversen, L. L., Iversen, S. D. & Snyder, S. H., pp. 157–97. New York: Plenum Press. [taJAG]Google Scholar
Suomi, S. J., Seaman, S. F., Lewis, J. K., DeLizio, R. D. & JrMcKinney, W. T. (1978) Effects of imipramine treatment on separation induced social disorders in rhesus monkeys. Archives of General Psychiatry 35:321–25. [JP]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sutherland, N. S. (1968) Outlines of a theory of visual pattern recognition in animals and man. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B. Biological Sciences 171:297–317. [DTDJ]Google Scholar
Svendsrød, R. & Ursin, H. (1974) A factor-analytic study of the acquisition of a conditioned emotional response in rats. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 87:1174–79. [HU]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Swanson, L. W. (1978) The anatomical organization of septo-hippocampal projections. In: Functions of the septo-hippocampal system, ed. Elliott, K. & Whelan, J., pp. 25–43. Ciba Foundation Symposium 58 (n.s.). Amsterdam: Elsevier. [taJAG]Google Scholar
Sweeney, D. R., Gold, M. S., Ryan, N. & Pottash, A. L. C. (1980) Opiate withdrawal and panic anxiety. APA Abstract 123. [MSG]Google Scholar
Szerb, J. C. & Dudar, J. D. (1981) Where does the cholinergic modulation of the EEG take place? Behavioral and Brain Sciences 4:493. [rJAG, TER]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Talland, G. (1965) Deranged memory. New York: Academic Press. [KHP]Google Scholar
Talland, G. (1968) Disorders of memory and learning. London: Penguin Press. [KHP]Google Scholar
Tallman, J. F., Paul, S. M., Skolnick, P. & Gallager, D. W. (1980) Receptors for the age of anxiety: Pharmacology of the benzodiazepines. Science 267:274–81. [taJAG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tanaka, D. & Goldman, P. S. (1976) Silver degeneration and autoradiographic evidence for a projection from the principal sulcus to the septum in the rhesus monkey. Brain Research 103:535–40. [taJAG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Teasdale, J. D. (1977) Psychological treatment of phobias. In: Tutorial essays in psychology, ed. Sutherland, N. S., vol. 2, pp. 137–63. Hillsdale, N.J.: Erlbaum. [taJAG]Google Scholar
Tenen, S. S. (1967) Recovery time as a measure of CER strength: Effects of benzodiazepines, amobarbital, chlorpromazine and amphetamine. Psychopharmacologia 12:1–7. [JCL]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thomas, G. J., Hostetter, G. & Barker, D. (1968) Behavior functions of the limbic system. In: Progress in physiological psychology, vol. 2, ed. Stellar, E. & Sprague, J. M., pp. 229–311. New York: Academic Press. [MLW]Google Scholar
Thompson, R. F. (1976) The search for the engram. American Journal of Psychology 31:209–27. [LN]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thornton, E. W. & Goudie, A. J. (1978) Evidence for the role of serotonin in the inhibition of specific motor responses. Psychopharmacology 60:73–79. [taJAG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ticku, M. K. & Olson, R. W. (1978) Interaction of barbiturates with dihydropicrotoxinin binding sites related to the GABA receptor-ionophore system. Life Sciences 22:1643–52. [taJAG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tye, N. C., Everitt, B. J. & Iversen, S. D. (1977) 5-Hydroxytryptamine and punishment. Nature 268:741–42. [taJAG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ursin, H., Blanchard, D. C., Blanchard, R. & Ursin, R. (1981) Flight and defense in cats with septal lesions. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 17:206–8. [HU]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ursin, H., Coover, C. D., Køhler, C., DeRyck, M., Sagvolden, T. & Levine, S. (1975) Limbic structures and behavior: Endocrine correlates. In: Progress in brain research: 42. Hormone, homeostasis and the brain, ed. Gispen, W. H., Greidanus, T. B. van Wimersma, Bonus, B. & de Wied, D., pp. 236–74. Amsterdam: Elsevier. [HU]Google Scholar
Ursin, H., Dalland, T., Ellertsen, B., Herrmann, T., Johnsen, T. B., Livesey, P., Zaidi, Z. & Wahl, H. (1978) Multivariate analysis of the septal syndrome. In: Functions of the septo-hippocampal system, Ciba Foundation Symposium 58, pp. 351–72. [HU]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Valenstein, E. S., Cox, V. C. & Kakolewski, J. W. (1970) Reexamination of the role of the hypothalamus in motivated behavior. Psychological Review 77:16–31. [JP]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Valero, I., Stewart, J., McNaughton, N. & Gray, J. A. (1977) Septal driving of the hippocampal theta rhythm as a function of frequency in the male rat: Effects of adreno-pitnitary hormones. Neuroscience 2:1029–32. [rJAG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vanderwolf, C. H. (1971) Limbic-diencephalic mechanisms of voluntary movement. Psychological Review 78:83–113. [tarJAG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vanderwolf, C. H. (1975) Neocortical and hippocampal activation in relation to behavior: Effects of atropine, eserine, phenothiazines and amphetamine. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 2:300–323. [TER]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vanderwolf, C. H., Kramis, R., Gillespie, L. A. & Bland, B. H. (1975) Hippocampal rhythmic slow activity and neocortical low-voltage fast activity: Relations to behavior. In: The hippocampus: 2. Neurophysiology and behavior, ed. Isaacson, R. L. & Pribram, K. H., pp. 101–27. New York: Plenum Press. [rJAG,. TER]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vanderwolf, C. H., Kramis, R. & Robinson, T. E. (1978) Hippocampal electrical activity during waking behavior and sleep: Analyses using centrally acting drugs. In: Functions of the septo-hippocampal system, ed. Elliott, K. & Whelan, J., pp. 199–221. Ciba Foundation Symposium 58 (n.s.). Amsterdam: Elsevier. [taJAG, TER]Google Scholar
Vanderwolf, C. H. & Leung, L.-W. S. (1981) Hippocampal rhythmical slow activity: A brief history and the effects of entorhinal lesions and phencyclidine. In: Molecular, cellular, and behavioral neurobiology of the hippocampus, ed. W. Seifert, in press. [rJAG, TER]Google Scholar
Vanderwolf, C. H. & Robinson, T. E. (1981) Brain-behavioral studies: The importance of staying close to the data. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 4:497–514. [rJAG, TER]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Hoesen, G. W., Rosene, D. L. & Mesulam, M. M. (1979) Subicular input from temporal cortex in the rhesus monkey. Science 205:608–10. [taJAG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Van Praag, H. M. (1978) Amine hypotheses of affective disorders. In: Handbook of psychopharmacology: 13. Biology of mood and antianxiety drugs, ed. Iversen, L. L., Iversen, S. D. & Snyder, S. H., pp. 187–297. New York: Plenum Press. [taJAG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Victor, M., Adams, R. D. & Collins, G. H. (1971) The Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. Oxford: Blackwell. [taJAG]Google ScholarPubMed
Vinogradova, O. S. (1975) Functional organization of the limbic system in the process of registration of information: Facts and hypotheses. In: The hippocampus: 2. Neurophysiology and behavior, ed. Isaacson, R. L. & Pribram, K. H., pp. 1–70. New York: Plenum Press. [tarJAG, SDI]Google Scholar
Wagner, A. R. (1963) Sodium amytal and partially reinforced runway performance. Journal of Experimental Psychology 65:474–77. [taJAG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Warburton, D. M. (1977) Stimulus selection and behavioral inhibition. In: Handbook of psychopharmacology: 8. Drugs, neurotransmitters and behavior, ed. Iversen, L. L., Iversen, S. D. & Snyder, S. H., pp. 385–431. New York: Plenum Press. [taJAG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Watts, F. N. (1979) Habituation model of systematic desensitization. Psychological Bulletin 86:627–37. [taJAG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weiner, B. & Schneider, K. (1971) Drive versus cognitive theory: A reply to Boor and Harmon. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 18:258–62. [rJAG, WR]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weiskrantz, L. (1978) A comparison of hippocampal pathology in man and other animals. In: Functions of the septo-hippocampal system, ed. Elliott, K. & Whelan, J., pp. 373–87. Ciba Foundation Symposium 58 (n.s.). Amsterdam: Elsevier. [taJAG]Google Scholar
Weiskrantz, L. & Warrington, E. K. (1975) The problem of the amnesic syndrome in man and animals. In: The hippocampus: 2. Neurophysiology and behavior, ed. Isaacson, R. L. & Pribram, K. H., pp. 411–28. New York: Plenum Press, [taJAG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weiss, J. M., Glazer, H. I., Pohorecky, L. A., Brick, J. & Miller, N. E. (1975) Effects of chronic exposure to stressors on avoidance-escape behavior and on brain norepinephrine. Psychosomatic Medicine 37:522–34. [taJAG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weiss, K. R., Friedman, R. & McGregor, S. (1974) Effects of septal lesions on latent inhibition and habituation of the orienting response in rats. Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis 34:491–504. [taJAG]Google ScholarPubMed
Whimbey, A. E. & Denenberg, V. H. (1967) Two independent behavioural dimensions in open field performance. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 63:500–504. [NMcN]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Whishaw, I. Q., Bland, B. H., Robinson, T. E. & Vanderwolf, C. H. (1976) Neuromuscular blockade: The effects on two hippocampal RSA (theta) systems and neocortical desynchronization. Brain Research Bulletin 1:573–81. [TER]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Whishaw, I. Q. & Vanderwolf, C. H. (1971) Hippocampal EEC and behavior: Effects of variation in body temperature and relation of EEC to vibrissae movement, swimming and shivering. Physiology and Behavior 6:391–97. [TER]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williams, J. H. & Azmitia, E. C. (1981) Hippocampal serotonin reuptake and nocturnal locomotor activity after microinjections of 5,7-DHT in the fornix-fimbria. Brain Research 207:95–107. [taJAG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Winocur, G. (1982) The amnesic syndrome: A deficit in cue utilization. In: Human memory, ed. Cermak, L.. Hillsdale, N.J.: Erlbaum. [tarJAG]Google Scholar
Winocur, G. & Breckenridge, C. B. (1973) Cue-dependent behavior of hippocampally damaged rats in a complex maze. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 82:512–22. [taJAG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Winocur, G. & Mills, J. A. (1970) Transfer between related and unrelated problems following hippocampal lesions in rats. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 73:162–69. [taJAG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Winson, J. (1976) Hippocampal theta rhythm: 1. Depth profiles in the curarized rat. Brain Research 103:57–70. [taJAG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wise, R. A. (1978) Catecholamine theories of reward: A critical review. Brain Research 152:215–47. [rJAG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wolpe, J. (1958) Psychotherapy by reciprocal inhibition. Stanford: Stanford University Press. [taJAG]Google Scholar
Woodruff, M. L., Baisden, R. H. & Douglas, J. R. (1981) Effect of cingtilate and fornix lesions on emotional behavior in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Experimental Neurology 74:379–95. [MLW]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Young, W. S., Niehoff, D., Kuhar, M. J., Beer, B. & Lippa, A. S. (1981) Multiple benzodiazepine receptors: Localisation by light microscopic radio-histochemistry. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 216:425–30. [PS]Google Scholar
Zieglgänsberger, W., French, E. D., Siggins, G. R. & Bloom, F. E. (1979) Opioid peptides may excite hippocampal pyramidal neurons by inhibiting adjacent inhibitory interneurons. Science 20:415–17. [PS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zuckerman, M. (1969) Theoretical formulations I. In: Sensory deprivation: Fifteen years of research, ed. Zubek, J. P., pp. 407–32. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts. [MZ]Google Scholar
Zuckerman, M. (1979) Sensation seeking: Beyond the optimal level of arousal. Hillsdale, N.J.: Erlbaum. [MZ]Google Scholar
Zuckerman, M. ed. (in preparation) Biological bases of sensation seeking, impulsivity, and anxiety. Hillsdale, N.J.: Erlbaum. [rJAG, MZ]Google Scholar
Zuckerman, M., Buchsbaum, M. S. & Murphy, D. L. (1980) Sensation seeking and its biological correlates. Psychological Bulletin 88:187–214. [MZ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar