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The association between childhood maltreatment and drug use: A systematic review and multilevel meta-analysis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 May 2025

Yang Liu Open the ORCID record for Yang Liu [Opens in a new window] ,
Hualing Miao ,
Xiuqin Bao ,
Yizhi Zhang ,
Hao Zhang ,
Jia Zhang  and
Cheng Guo Open the ORCID record for Cheng Guo [Opens in a new window]
Yang Liu
Affiliation:
Research Center of Mental Health Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China School of Educational Science, Chengdu Normal University, Sichuan, China
Hualing Miao
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Honghe University, Mengzi City, Yunnan, China
Xiuqin Bao
Affiliation:
School of Medical Humanities, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
Yizhi Zhang
Affiliation:
Research Center of Mental Health Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
Hao Zhang
Affiliation:
School of Educational Science, Chengdu Normal University, Sichuan, China
Jia Zhang
Affiliation:
School of Educational Science, Chengdu Normal University, Sichuan, China
Cheng Guo*
Affiliation:
Research Center of Mental Health Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
*
Corresponding author: Cheng Guo; Email:guochen@swu.edu.cn
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Abstract

While there is evidence that childhood maltreatment (CM) is positively associated with drug use (DU), the strength and difference of the association between CM and its subtypes (hereafter CM + ST) and DU remains to be further explored. A multilevel meta-analysis was conducted on 101 independent studies reporting 333 effect sizes (N = 132,341; Mage = 24.65; 43.80%males). Results showed significantly positive correlations between CM + ST and DU (range from 0.109 to 0.185). The results of the subgroup analysis revealed notable disparities in the correlations between distinct CM subtypes and DU (F = 5.358, P<0.01). Specifically, the effect size for childhood sexual abuse (CSA) was significantly lower than childhood emotional maltreatment (CEM) and childhood physical maltreatment (CPM), while no significant difference was noted between the CEM and CPM groups. These effect sizes also varied across regions, drug types, gender, detection rate of CM, the presence or absence of alcohol in substances, publication status and measurement method. The significant yet differing correlations between different subtypes of CM and DU to some extent support the principle of equality in psychopathology. These findings help explain the relationship between CM + ST and DU laying the groundwork for further research into the intricate and complex associations between CM and DU.

Keywords

childhood maltreatmentsubtypes of childhood maltreatmentdrug usemultilevel meta-analysismoderator analysis
Type
Regular Article
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Development and Psychopathology , First View , pp. 1 - 15
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© The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press

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