Published online by Cambridge University Press: 26 May 2020
We study a relative variant of Serre’s notion of $G$-complete reducibility for a reductive algebraic group
$G$. We let
$K$ be a reductive subgroup of
$G$, and consider subgroups of
$G$ that normalize the identity component
$K^{\circ }$. We show that such a subgroup is relatively
$G$-completely reducible with respect to
$K$ if and only if its image in the automorphism group of
$K^{\circ }$ is completely reducible. This allows us to generalize a number of fundamental results from the absolute to the relative setting. We also derive analogous results for Lie subalgebras of the Lie algebra of
$G$, as well as ‘rational’ versions over nonalgebraically closed fields.