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Brain stroke location detection using a novel monopole antenna with triple hollow rectangular patches and a hexagonal slotted ground plane utilizing a delay and sum algorithm

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 May 2025

Athul O. Asok ,
M. Sowmya ,
A.I. Harikrishnan ,
M. Sumi  and
Sukomal Dey Open the ORCID record for Sukomal Dey [Opens in a new window]
Athul O. Asok
Affiliation:
Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad, KL, India
M. Sowmya
Affiliation:
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, NSS College of Engineering Palakkad, Palakkad, KL, India
A.I. Harikrishnan
Affiliation:
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, NSS College of Engineering Palakkad, Palakkad, KL, India
M. Sumi
Affiliation:
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, NSS College of Engineering Palakkad, Palakkad, KL, India
Sukomal Dey*
Affiliation:
Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad, KL, India
*
Corresponding author: Sukomal Dey; Email: sukomal.iitpkd@gmail.com
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Abstract

In the advanced era of compact and convenient devices, electromagnetic microwave brain imaging systems have emerged as substitutes for large and bulky imaging devices such as X-rays, CT scans, MRIs, and ultrasounds for diagnosing brain disorders. This article introduces a compact monopole antenna specifically tailored for microwave imaging in brain stroke detection. The bidirectional antenna incorporates a triple hollow rectangular patch and a hexagonal slotted ground for enhanced performance. The antenna is constructed on an FR-4 substrate with a thickness of 1.6 mm. The design is finalized using CST, with parameters adjusted to achieve the desired bandwidth and gain performance. The antenna provides a bandwidth of 2.16 GHz, spanning from 1.35 to 3.51 GHz, with a return loss |S11| < 10 dB (VSWR < 2) and a peak gain of 5.1 dBi at 3.5 GHz, while maintaining stable radiation characteristics across the entire frequency range. Simulation results indicate that the proposed antenna is well-suited for microwave-based brain stroke detection and imaging applications. The fabricated antenna has been tested for brain stroke detection with an innovative setup in the lab. It is observed that the stroke models have been detected clearly.

Keywords

bidirectional antennahexagonal slotted ground monopole antennamicrowave brain imaging systemstriple hollow
Type
Research Paper
Information
International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies , First View , pp. 1 - 15
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press in association with The European Microwave Association.

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