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Distribution and analysis of the mechanisms of resistance of barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) to imidazolinone and quinclorac herbicides

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 August 2014

F. O. MATZENBACHER ,
E. D. BORTOLY ,
A. KALSING  and
A. MEROTTO Jr
F. O. MATZENBACHER
Affiliation:
Graduate Group in Plant Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
E. D. BORTOLY
Affiliation:
Graduate Group in Plant Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
A. KALSING
Affiliation:
Institute Riograndense of Rice, IRGA, Agriculture Sector, Cachoeirinha, RS, Brazil
A. MEROTTO Jr*
Affiliation:
Graduate Group in Plant Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
*
*To whom all correspondence should be addressed. Email: merotto@ufrgs.br
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Summary

The lack of control of barnyardgrass in flooded rice cultivated with imidazolinone-resistant rice cultivars is challenging the utilization of this system, which is continuously expanding for new rice areas worldwide. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the frequency, distribution and mechanisms of imidazolinone resistance in barnyardgrass to establish the best practices to control and prevent this problem. The distribution of resistance was evaluated in 624 populations collected in Southern Brazil. The frequency of imidazolinone-herbicide resistance was 0·81, broadly distributed in all sampled regions. Resistance to quinclorac was also found in 0·19 of the populations, but all of the evaluated populations were susceptible to cyhalofop-butyl. Further studies were conducted in six populations. The enhanced metabolism was assessed with the metabolic inhibitors that reversed the resistance to quinclorac from 0·54 to 1·00 in two populations and the resistance to imazethapyr from 0·15 to 0·41 in three populations. The acetolactase synthase (ALS) enzyme activity also indicated the occurrence of altered target site resistance in two populations caused by the ALS gene mutations Trp574Leu and Ser653Asn, which is a novel finding in this species. The herbicide resistance in barnyardgrass in Southern Brazil presented a complex basis of resistance because it is associated with resistance to multiple herbicides due to multiple mechanisms and with multiple mutations of the ALS gene. This indicates that it is necessary to adopt specific measures to prevent and control the evolution of multiple herbicide resistance in this species.

Type
Crops and Soils Research Papers
Information
The Journal of Agricultural Science , Volume 153 , Issue 6 , August 2015 , pp. 1044 - 1058
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2014 

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