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Plant diversity drives sandy-loam soil quality and crop yields in integrated crop–livestock systems

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 February 2025

Evelyn Custódio Gonçalves ,
Laércio Santos Silva Open the ORCID record for Laércio Santos Silva [Opens in a new window] ,
Tatiane Andrea Camargo ,
Bruna Karolayne Andrade Nogueira ,
Andressa Selestina Dalla Côrt ,
Polyana Freitas Ponce ,
Gabriela Castro Pires ,
Izabela Aline Gomes da Silva ,
Leandro Pereira Pacheco  and
Amanda Maria Tadini
...Show all authors
Evelyn Custódio Gonçalves
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba (UFPR), Paraná, PR, Brazil
Laércio Santos Silva*
Affiliation:
Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados, MS, Brazil
Tatiane Andrea Camargo
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba (UFPR), Paraná, PR, Brazil
Bruna Karolayne Andrade Nogueira
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba (UFPR), Paraná, PR, Brazil
Andressa Selestina Dalla Côrt
Affiliation:
Department of Crop Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
Polyana Freitas Ponce
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba (UFPR), Paraná, PR, Brazil
Gabriela Castro Pires
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba (UFPR), Paraná, PR, Brazil
Izabela Aline Gomes da Silva
Affiliation:
Institute of Agrarian and Technological Science, Federal University of Rondonópolis, Rondonópolis (UFR), Mato Grosso, MT, Brazil
Leandro Pereira Pacheco
Affiliation:
Institute of Agrarian and Technological Science, Federal University of Rondonópolis, Rondonópolis (UFR), Mato Grosso, MT, Brazil
Amanda Maria Tadini
Affiliation:
Embrapa Instrumentation, São Paulo, Brazil
Ladislau Martin-Neto
Affiliation:
Embrapa Instrumentation, São Paulo, Brazil
Anibal de Moraes
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba (UFPR), Paraná, PR, Brazil
Paulo César de Faccio Carvalho
Affiliation:
Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
Edicarlos Damacena Souza
Affiliation:
Institute of Agrarian and Technological Science, Federal University of Rondonópolis, Rondonópolis (UFR), Mato Grosso, MT, Brazil
*
Corresponding author: L.S. Silva; Email: laerciosilva@ufgd.edu.br
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Abstract

Agricultural monoculture negatively impacts soil quality, particularly in fragile soils that yield limited crop production and are highly susceptible to degradation. Increasing plant diversity in production systems can be an alternative for maintaining soil ecosystem services and increasing crop yields. This study investigated the influence of increased plant diversity on soil health and its impact on soybean and cotton yield in an Ultisol in the Brazilian savanna in Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Tested five rates of plant diversity after soybean harvest: (1) very low (VL), (2) low, (3) average, (4) long-term average and (5) high (integrated crop–livestock systems (ICLS)) were tested. Plant diversity improves the health of sandy loam soil, increases C and N fractions in particulate organic matter (POM-C and POM-N) and leads to differences in C utilization by the soil microbial community. High ICLS diversity raises total organic carbon content, being POM-C and POM-N, the labile fractions, more efficient to show changes in sandy loam soil, in the short term, over a period of three years. High diversity promoted yield gains of up to 251 % for cotton and 82 % for soybean in relation to VL plant diversity. Changes in soil microbial composition are able to partially explain crop yield in diversified production systems (R2 ranging from 0.51 to 0.80). Diversifying production components is a sustainable way to maintain biological functions and agricultural quality of loam sandy soil in the Brazilian Cerrado in Mato Grosso.

Keywords

agricultural productionfragile soilGossypium hirsutum Lsoil healthsoil microbiological communities

Information

Type
Integrated Crop-Livestock Systems Research Paper
Information
The Journal of Agricultural Science , Volume 163 , Issue 2 , April 2025 , pp. 131 - 144
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press

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Footnotes

Research Group GPISI - Research and Innovation Group on Pure and Crop Livestock Systems.

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