Hostname: page-component-76c49bb84f-qtd2s Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-07-09T21:50:36.093Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Linking leader inclusiveness to employee voice: Exploring dual-mediation paths

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 November 2024

Lei Gong
Affiliation:
Alibaba Business School, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
Shuqin Zhang*
Affiliation:
School of Finance, Nanjing University of Finance & Economics, Nanjing, China
Zhiying Liu
Affiliation:
School of Management, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
*
Corresponding author: Shuqin Zhang; Email: sq421226@126.com

Abstract

Previous literature generally acknowledged that leader inclusiveness has positive effects on employee voice. However, emerging research and practice commentary highlight the importance of considering the potential dark side of leader inclusiveness on employee voice. This study examines the dual-path mechanism by which leader inclusiveness influences employee voice through perceived autonomy and cognitive dependence and investigates the moderating role of performance-prove goal orientation within this dynamic. Based on data from 286 independent leader–subordinate dyads working in China, we find that leader inclusiveness can promote employee voice by increasing perceived autonomy, and hinder employee voice by increasing cognitive dependence. Furthermore, performance-prove goal orientation weakens the positive indirect effect of leader inclusiveness on voice via perceived autonomy and strengthens the negative indirect effect of leader inclusiveness on voice via cognitive dependence. These findings contribute to a better understanding of how leader inclusiveness affects employee voice behavior through dual pathways and its boundary conditions.

Information

Type
Research Article
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press in association with Australian and New Zealand Academy of Management.

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Aguinis, H., Villamor, I., & Ramani, R. S. (2021). MTurk research: Review and recommendations. Journal of Management, 47(4), 823837.10.1177/0149206320969787CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alang, T., Stanton, P., & Rose, M. (2022). Enhancing employee voice and inclusion through inclusive leadership in public sector organizations. Public Personnel Management, 51(3), 309329.10.1177/00910260221085583CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Avey, J. B., Wernsing, T. S., & Palanski, M. E. (2012). Exploring the process of ethical leadership: The mediating role of employee voice and psychological ownership. Journal of Business Ethics, 107(1), 2134.10.1007/s10551-012-1298-2CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Balkin, D. B., Roussel, P., & Werner, S. (2015). Performance contingent pay and autonomy: Implications for facilitating extra-role creativity. Human Resource Management Review, 25(4), 384395.10.1016/j.hrmr.2015.07.001CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burris, E. R. (2012). The risks and rewards of speaking up: Managerial responses to employee voice. Academy of Management Journal, 55(4), 851875.10.5465/amj.2010.0562CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burris, E. R., Detert, J. R., & Chiaburu, D. S. (2008). Quitting before leaving: The mediating effects of psychological attachment and detachment on voice. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(4), 912922.10.1037/0021-9010.93.4.912CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Busse, R., & Regenberg, S. (2019). Revisiting the “authoritarian versus participative” leadership style legacy: A new model of the impact of leadership inclusiveness on employee engagement. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 26(4), 510525.10.1177/1548051818810135CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carmeli, A., Reiter-Palmon, R., & Ziv, E. (2010). Inclusive leadership and employee involvement in creative tasks in the workplace: The mediating role of psychological safety. Creativity Research Journal, 22(3), 250260.10.1080/10400419.2010.504654CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chae, H., Park, J., & Choi, J. N. (2019). Two facets of conscientiousness and the knowledge sharing dilemmas in the workplace: Contrasting moderating functions of supervisor support and coworker support. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 40(4), 387399.10.1002/job.2337CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chiniara, M., & Bentein, K. (2016). Linking servant leadership to individual performance: Differentiating the mediating role of autonomy, competence and relatedness need satisfaction. The Leadership Quarterly, 27(1), 124141.10.1016/j.leaqua.2015.08.004CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Choi, S. B., Tran, T. B. H., & Kang, S.-W. (2017). Inclusive leadership and employee well-being: The mediating role of person-job fit. Journal of Happiness Studies, 18(6), 18771901.10.1007/s10902-016-9801-6CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davis-Blake, A., Broschak, J. P., & George, E. (2003). Happy together? How using nonstandard workers affects exit, voice, and loyalty among standard employees. Academy of Management Journal, 46(4), 475485.10.2307/30040639CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dawson, J. F. (2014). Moderation in management research: What, why, when, and how. Journal of Business and Psychology, 29(1), 119.10.1007/s10869-013-9308-7CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2013). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. New York: Springer Science & Business Media.Google Scholar
Detert, J. R., & Burris, E. R. (2007). Leadership behavior and employee voice: Is the door really open? Academy of Management Journal, 50(4), 869884.10.5465/amj.2007.26279183CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dietz, B., van Knippenberg, D., Hirst, G., & Restubog, S. L. D. (2015). Outperforming whom? A multilevel study of performance-prove goal orientation, performance, and the moderating role of shared team identification. Journal of Applied Psychology, 100(6), 18111824.10.1037/a0038888CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dweck, C. S., & Leggett, E. L. (1988). A social-cognitive approach to motivation and personality. Psychological Review, 95(2), 256273.10.1037/0033-295X.95.2.256CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Edmondson, A. C. (2003). Speaking up in the operating room: How team leaders promote learning in interdisciplinary action teams. Journal of Management Studies, 40(6), 14191452.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eisenbeiß, S. A., & Boerner, S. (2013). A double‐edged sword: Transformational leadership and individual creativity. British Journal of Management, 24(1), 5468.10.1111/j.1467-8551.2011.00786.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eisenberger, R., & Aselage, J. (2009). Incremental effects of reward on experienced performance pressure: Positive outcomes for intrinsic interest and creativity. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 30(1), 95117.10.1002/job.543CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eisenberger, R., Rhoades, L., & Cameron, J. (1999). Does pay for performance increase or decrease perceived self-determination and intrinsic motivation? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77(5), 10261040.10.1037/0022-3514.77.5.1026CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fang, Y.-C., Chen, J.-Y., Wang, M.-J., & Chen, C.-Y. (2019). The impact of inclusive leadership on employees’ innovative behaviors: The mediation of psychological capital. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 111.10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01803CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gong, L., Zhang, S., & Liu, Z. (2023). The impact of inclusive leadership on task performance: A moderated mediation model of resilience capacity and work meaningfulness. Baltic Journal of Management, 19(1), 3651.10.1108/BJM-01-2023-0029CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gong, Y., Wang, M., Huang, J.-C., & Cheung, S. Y. (2017). Toward a goal orientation–based feedback-seeking typology: Implications for employee performance outcomes. Journal of Management, 43(4), 12341260.10.1177/0149206314551797CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guo, Y., Zhu, Y., & Zhang, L. (2022). Inclusive leadership, leader identification and employee voice behavior: The moderating role of power distance. Current Psychology, 41, 13011310.10.1007/s12144-020-00647-xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hackman, J. R., Hackman, R. J., & Oldham, G. R. (1980). Work redesign (vol 2779). Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.Google Scholar
Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. New York: The Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Hirak, R., Peng, A. C., Carmeli, A., & Schaubroeck, J. M. (2012). Linking leader inclusiveness to work unit performance: The importance of psychological safety and learning from failures. The Leadership Quarterly, 23(1), 107117.10.1016/j.leaqua.2011.11.009CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hollander, E. (2012). Inclusive leadership: The essential leader-follower relationship. New York: Routledge.10.4324/9780203809914CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jia, J., Jiao, Y., & Han, H. (2022). Inclusive leadership and team creativity: A moderated mediation model of Chinese talent management. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 33(21), 42824307.10.1080/09585192.2021.1966073CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jiang, J., Ding, W., Wang, R., & Li, S. (2022). Inclusive leadership and employees’ voice behavior: A moderated mediation model. Current Psychology, 41, 63956405.10.1007/s12144-020-01139-8CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jolly, P. M., & Lee, L. (2021). Silence is not golden: Motivating employee voice through inclusive leadership. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 45(6), 10921113.10.1177/1096348020963699CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kakkar, H., Tangirala, S., Srivastava, N. K., & Kamdar, D. (2016). The dispositional antecedents of promotive and prohibitive voice. Journal of Applied Psychology, 101(9), 13421351.10.1037/apl0000130CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kark, R., Shamir, B., & Chen, G. (2003). The two faces of transformational leadership: Empowerment and dependency. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(2), 246255.10.1037/0021-9010.88.2.246CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kelley, R. E. (1988). In praise of followers. Brighton, MA: Harvard Business Review Case Services.Google Scholar
Kollmann, T., Stöckmann, C., Krell, P., Peschl, A., & Buchwald, S. (2013). Integrating dependency on the leader and empowerment into the transformational leadership-creative performance relationship. Central European Business Review, 2(1), 714.10.18267/j.cebr.33CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Korkmaz, A. V., van Engen, M. L., Knappert, L., & Schalk, R. (2022). About and beyond leading uniqueness and belongingness: A systematic review of inclusive leadership research. Human Resource Management Review, 32, 120.Google Scholar
Krause, V., Goncalo, J. A., Tadmor, C. T. J. O. B., & Processes, H. D. (2021). Divine inhibition: Does thinking about God make monotheistic believers less creative? Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 164, 158178.10.1016/j.obhdp.2021.03.001CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, Y., Tao, W., Li, J. Y. Q., & Sun, R. (2021). Enhancing employees’ knowledge sharing through diversity-oriented leadership and strategic internal communication during the COVID-19 outbreak. Journal of Knowledge Management, 25(6), 15261549.10.1108/JKM-06-2020-0483CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, A. N., Liao, H., Tangirala, S., & Firth, B. M. (2017). The content of the message matters: The differential effects of promotive and prohibitive team voice on team productivity and safety performance gains. Journal of Applied Psychology, 102(8), 12591270.10.1037/apl0000215CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, A. N., & Tangirala, S. (2021). How voice emerges and develops in newly formed supervisor–employee dyads. Academy of Management Journal, 64(2), 614642.10.5465/amj.2018.0961CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, A. N., & Tangirala, S. (2022). How employees’ voice helps teams remain resilient in the face of exogenous change. Journal of Applied Psychology, 107(4), 668692.10.1037/apl0000874CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Li, C., Li, F., Chen, T., & Crant, J. M. (2022). Proactive personality and promotability: Mediating roles of promotive and prohibitive voice and moderating roles of organizational politics and leader-member exchange. Journal of Business Research, 145, 253267.10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.03.002CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, N., Guo, Q.-Y., & Wan, H. (2019). Leader inclusiveness and taking charge: The role of thriving at work and regulatory focus. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, .10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02393CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Liang, J., Farh, C. I., & Farh, J.-L. (2012). Psychological antecedents of promotive and prohibitive voice: A two-wave examination. Academy of Management Journal, 55(1), 7192.10.5465/amj.2010.0176CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ma, J., Peng, Y., & Wu, B. (2021). Challenging or hindering? The roles of goal orientation and cognitive appraisal in stressor‐performance relationships. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 42(3), 388406.10.1002/job.2503CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Marinova, S. V., Moon, H., & Kamdar, D. (2013). Getting ahead or getting along? The two-facet conceptualization of conscientiousness and leadership emergence. Organization Science, 24(4), 12571276.10.1287/orsc.1120.0781CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McClean, E. J., Burris, E. R., & Detert, J. R. (2013). When does voice lead to exit? It depends on leadership. Academy of Management Journal, 56(2), 525548.10.5465/amj.2011.0041CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mitchell, R., Boyle, B., Parker, V., Giles, M., Chiang, V., & Joyce, P. (2015). Managing inclusiveness and diversity in teams: How leader inclusiveness affects performance through status and team identity. Human Resource Management, 54(2), 217239.10.1002/hrm.21658CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morrison, E. W. (2014). Employee voice and silence. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 1(1), 173197.10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-031413-091328CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nembhard, I. M., & Edmondson, A. C. (2006). Making it safe: The effects of leader inclusiveness and professional status on psychological safety and improvement efforts in health care teams. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 27(7), 941966.10.1002/job.413CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nguyen, T. V. T., Nguyen, H. T., Nong, T. X., & Nguyen, T. T. T. (2024). Inclusive leadership and creative teaching: The mediating role of knowledge sharing and innovative climate. Creativity Research Journal, 36(2), 324335.10.1080/10400419.2022.2134543CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Park, H., Tangirala, S., Hussain, I., & Ekkirala, S. (2022). How and when managers reward employees’ voice: The role of proactivity attributions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 107(12), 22692284.10.1037/apl0001008CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Poortvliet, P. M., Anseel, F., Janssen, O., Van Yperen, N. W., & Van de Vliert, E. (2012). Perverse effects of other-referenced performance goals in an information exchange context. Journal of Business Ethics, 106(4), 401414.10.1007/s10551-011-1005-8CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Randel, A. E., Galvin, B. M., Shore, L. M., Ehrhart, K. H., Chung, B. G., Dean, M. A., & Kedharnath, U. (2018). Inclusive leadership: Realizing positive outcomes through belongingness and being valued for uniqueness. Human Resource Management Review, 28(2), 190203.10.1016/j.hrmr.2017.07.002CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roberson, Q., & Perry, J. L. (2022). Inclusive leadership in thought and action: A thematic analysis. Group & Organization Management, 47(4), 755778.10.1177/10596011211013161CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schneider, S., Nebel, S., Beege, M., & Rey, G. D. (2018). The autonomy-enhancing effects of choice on cognitive load, motivation and learning with digital media. Learning and Instruction, 58, 161172.10.1016/j.learninstruc.2018.06.006CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seijts, G. H., Latham, G. P., Tasa, K., & Latham, B. W. (2004). Goal setting and goal orientation: An integration of two different yet related literatures. Academy of Management Journal, 47(2), 227239.10.2307/20159574CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shakil, R. M., Memon, M. A., & Ting, H. (2023). Inclusive leadership and innovative work behaviour: The mediating role of job autonomy. Quality and Quantity, 57(Suppl 4), 707721.10.1007/s11135-021-01102-0CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shamir, B. (1991). The charismatic relationship: Alternative explanations and predictions. The Leadership Quarterly, 2(2), 81104.10.1016/1048-9843(91)90024-VCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spreitzer, G. M. (1995). Psychological empowerment in the workplace: Dimensions, measurement, and validation. Academy of Management Journal, 38(5), 14421465.10.2307/256865CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spreitzer, G. M. (1996). Social structural characteristics of psychological empowerment. Academy of Management Journal, 39(2), 483504.10.2307/256789CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sürücü, L., Maslakçı, A., & Şeşen, H. (2023). Inclusive leadership and innovative work behaviors: A moderated mediation model. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 44(1), 87102.10.1108/LODJ-05-2022-0227CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tangirala, S., & Ramanujam, R. (2012). Ask and you shall hear (but not always): Examining the relationship between manager consultation and employee voice. Personnel Psychology, 65(2), 251282.10.1111/j.1744-6570.2012.01248.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thompson, P. S., & Klotz, A. C. (2022). Led by curiosity and responding with voice: The influence of leader displays of curiosity and leader gender on follower reactions of psychological safety and voice. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 172, 114.10.1016/j.obhdp.2022.104170CrossRefGoogle Scholar
VandeWalle, D. (1997). Development and validation of a work domain goal orientation instrument. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 57(6), 9951015.10.1177/0013164497057006009CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Dyne, L., & LePine, J. A. (1998). Helping and voice extra-role behaviors: Evidence of construct and predictive validity. Academy of Management Journal, 41(1), 108119.10.2307/256902CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Yperen, N. W., Hamstra, M. R., & van der Klauw, M. (2011). To win, or not to lose, at any cost: The impact of achievement goals on cheating. British Journal of Management, 22, S5S15.10.1111/j.1467-8551.2010.00702.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walumbwa, F. O., & Schaubroeck, J. (2009). Leader personality traits and employee voice behavior: Mediating roles of ethical leadership and work group psychological safety. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94(5), 12751286.10.1037/a0015848CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wang, H., Chen, M., & Li, X. (2021). Moderating multiple mediation model of the impact of inclusive leadership on employee innovative behavior. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 118.Google ScholarPubMed
Wang, X.-H. F., & Howell, J. M. (2010). Exploring the dual-level effects of transformational leadership on followers. Journal of Applied Psychology, 95(6), 11341144.10.1037/a0020754CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weiss, M., Kolbe, M., Grote, G., Spahn, D. R., & Grande, B. (2018). We can do it! Inclusive leader language promotes voice behavior in multi-professional teams. The Leadership Quarterly, 29(3), 389402.10.1016/j.leaqua.2017.09.002CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xiao, Y., Zhang, H., & Cervone, D. (2018). Social functions of anger: A competitive mediation model of new product reviews. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 35(3), 367388.10.1111/jpim.12425CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ye, Q., Wang, D., & Guo, W. (2019). Inclusive leadership and team innovation: The role of team voice and performance pressure. European Management Journal, 37(4), 468480.10.1016/j.emj.2019.01.006CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, Q., Wang, X. H., Nerstad, C. G., Ren, H., & Gao, R. (2022). Motivational climates, work passion, and behavioral consequences. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 43(9), 15791597.10.1002/job.2661CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, Y., & Chen, C. C. (2013). Developmental leadership and organizational citizenship behavior: Mediating effects of self-determination, supervisor identification, and organizational identification. The Leadership Quarterly, 24(4), 534543.10.1016/j.leaqua.2013.03.007CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, Y., Chen, H., Liu, E., He, Y., & Cheng, E. (2021). Impacts of cooperative and competitive personalities on tacit knowledge sharing among Chinese employees. Journal of Knowledge Management, 26(1), 4569.10.1108/JKM-09-2020-0713CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhao, X., Lynch, J. G., Jr, & Chen, Q. (2010). Reconsidering Baron and Kenny: Myths and truths about mediation analysis. Journal of Consumer Research, 37(2), 197206.10.1086/651257CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zheng, X., Yang, X., Diaz, I., & Yu, M. (2018). Is too much inclusive leadership a good thing? An examination of curvilinear relationship between inclusive leadership and employees’ task performance. International Journal of Manpower, 39(7), 882895.Google Scholar
Zhu, J., Xu, S., & Zhang, B. (2020). The paradoxical effect of inclusive leadership on subordinates’ creativity. Frontiers in Psychology, 22, 18.Google Scholar
Zhu, Y., Chen, T., Wang, M., Jin, Y., & Wang, Y. (2019). Rivals or allies: How performance‐prove goal orientation influences knowledge hiding. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 40(7), 849868.10.1002/job.2372CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zuckerman, M., Porac, J., Lathin, D., & Deci, E. L. (1978). On the importance of self-determination for intrinsically-motivated behavior. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 4(3), 443446.10.1177/014616727800400317CrossRefGoogle Scholar