Application of Advanced Technologies by Emergency Medical Teams and Coordination Cells in Disaster Settings: A Scoping Review

Abstract

Background/Introduction:

In the field of medicine, various advanced technologies such as artificial medicine (AI), telemedicine, and robotics are increasingly being adopted. However, their implementation in disaster medicine remains limited.

Objectives:

This scoping review aims to explore how these technologies have been studied and how they might be implemented by Emergency Medical Teams (EMTs) and Emergency Medical Team Coordination Cells (EMTCCs).

Method/Description:

The review was conducted following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Peer-reviewed articles published between 2014 and 2024 were identified in MEDLINE using keywords related to disasters and advanced technologies. From these, articles relevant to the missions of EMTs and EMTCCs were selected.

Results/Outcomes:

A total of 670 studies were identified, and 15 were selected for analysis. The majority of studies focused on mental health (n = 7), triage (n = 3), and decision-making (n = 3). Research targeting pediatric (n = 2) and elderly (n = 1) populations was also found. Advanced technologies utilized included AI (n = 12), telemedicine (n = 3), and robotics (n = 3). The studies originated from the United States (n = 7), China (n = 3), and Japan (n = 2). A significant portion of the research was concerned with predicting outcomes for high-risk patients, assisting in medical care in the absence of specialized personnel, and facilitating remote medical consultations.

Conclusion:

These technologies have the potential to enhance the efficiency of medical support, expedite information sharing, and improve safety at disaster sites when employed by EMTs and EMTCCs.