Multi-Dimensional Analysis of Attacks on Medical Facilities and Hospitals: Evidence of Humanitarian Crisis during the Syrian War

Abstract

Background/Introduction:

The targeting of healthcare facilities during conflicts contravenes international humanitarian laws and exacerbates humanitarian crises. In Syria, the systematic attacks on medical facilities have not only led to direct casualties but have also crippled the healthcare system, further intensifying the civil strife.

Objectives:

This study aims to elucidate the patterns and impacts of attacks on medical facilities and hospitals in Syria, employing a robust multi-dimensional statistical analysis to assess the extent and implications of these attacks on healthcare infrastructure and societal well-being.

Method/Description:

Utilizing data collected by the White Helmets from 2016 to 2021, the authors analyzed the basic demographic variables as attack frequency, types, and geographical distribution of the attacks, alongside the responsible perpetrators as well as damage outcome variables as injuries and death. The statistical correlation between damage outcomes and attack frequency was also analyzed.

Results/Outcomes:

This comprehensive analysis identifies Idlib (n=78, 47%) and Aleppo (n=51, 31%) as the regions most frequently targeted by attacks, with the primary method being airstrikes (n=96, 58%). Artillery shelling and barrel bombs are also prevalent (n=22, 13% and n=20, 12%, respectively). Statistical assessments show a robust correlation between the frequency of attacks and the total number of injuries, with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.956 (p<0.01), underscoring the direct impact on civilian casualties. The primary perpetrators were found to be Syrian (n=88, 53%) and Russian forces (n=70, 42%), indicating a systematic approach to targeting medical facilities.

Conclusion:

The data underscores an urgent need for international action to enforce accountability and protect healthcare in conflict zones.