Precision agriculture technology (PAT) is often viewed as a potential driver of future efficiency gains in farming. Using within-farm variation from an unbalanced panel of Kansas farms, this study examines the impact of PAT bundles on efficiency in generating gross revenue. On average, we find little evidence that these technologies improve efficiency. However, among less efficient farms, several bundles are linked to notable efficiency gains, underscoring the importance of accounting for farm heterogeneity.

Farm financial structure may affect both short- and long-run input usage,thereby affecting farm efficiency. Any inefficiencies arising from thechoice of inputs can be magnified over time as credit constraints continueto affect input usage. In a panel of 54 North Dakota crop farms, efficiencyand debt structure were related. Intermediate debt was found to bepositively related to farm technical efficiency, and short-term debt wasnegatively associated with technical efficiency. Use of intermediate-termdebt was positively associated with farm-scale efficiency, whereas nosignificant relationship was found between short- and long-term debt andscale efficiency.