Saudi Arabia is undergoing a transformational shift, leveraging regulatory reforms to position its non-profit and impact sector as a driving force for national and regional development. This chapter explores how Vision 2030’s ambitious agenda has unlocked new opportunities for philanthropy, impact investing, and catalytic capital, enabling a once-traditional charitable landscape to evolve into a $2.7 billion economic powerhouse.

With the number of non-profit organizations surging from 4,000 to over 62,000 in just seven years, Saudi Arabia is pioneering a new model of impact-driven growth. The chapter delves into groundbreaking regulatory reforms, digital philanthropy, innovative financing models, and multi-sector partnerships. It highlights how Saudi Arabia’s rise as a regional leader in the impact space can set the stage for a more dynamic and globally connected non-profit ecosystem.

This chapter explores employment testing bias and fairness in India. The developments that have led to fair employment practices in India with special reference to affirmative action policies, the reservation system, and the regulatory authorities that oversee hiring processes are reviewed. Measures aimed at the prevention of biases, including structured interviews, blind hiring, and training about unconscious bias are discussed. The chapter also reviews the legal framework for employment fairness, the role of public and private sector organizations, and issues such as the impact of artificial intelligence on selection procedures. Results from a survey of Indian organizations are used to provide empirical insights into the existence, as well as effectiveness, of fairness policies in curbing hiring biases. Further, the chapter compares the situation in India to global perspectives on employment testing bias and fairness and highlights the need to further refine regulatory mechanisms and organizational policies in hiring. Finally, this work indicates significant gaps across various aspects of fair hiring practices in India and identifies areas that require focus and research.

Global platforms present novel challenges. They serve as powerful conduits of commerce and global community. Yet their power to influence political and consumer behavior is enormous. Their responsibility for the use of this power – for their content – is statutorily limited by national laws such as Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act in the US. National efforts to demand and guide appropriate content moderation, and to avoid private abuse of this power, is in tension with concern in liberal states to avoid excessive government regulation, especially of speech. Diverse and sometimes contradictory national rules responding to these tensions on a national basis threaten to splinter platforms, and reduce their utility to both wealthy and poor countries. This edited volume sets out to respond to the question whether a global approach can be developed to address these tensions while maintaining or even enhancing the social contribution of platforms.