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3 - Bacterial secretion systems

from Part II - Bacterial cell biology and pathogenesis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 August 2009

By
Helen J. Betts ,
Christopher M. Bailey ,
Mark J. Pallen  and
Ian R. Henderson
Edited by
Beth A. McCormick
Helen J. Betts
Affiliation:
Bacterial Pathogenesis and Genomics Unit, Division of Immunity and Infection, The Institute for Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK
Christopher M. Bailey
Affiliation:
Bacterial Pathogenesis and Genomics Unit, Division of Immunity and Infection, The Institute for Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK
Mark J. Pallen
Affiliation:
Bacterial Pathogenesis and Genomics Unit, Division of Immunity and Infection, The Institute for Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK
Ian R. Henderson
Affiliation:
Bacterial Pathogenesis and Genomics Unit, Division of Immunity and Infection, The Institute for Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK
Beth A. McCormick
Affiliation:
Harvard University, Massachusetts
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Summary

To survive in any given niche, bacteria must be capable of sensing, interacting with, and responding to their environment. The method and extent to which bacteria interact with their environment are governed to a large degree by the proteinaceous molecules located on the bacterial cell surface or released into the extracellular milieu. Due to differences in cell-envelope architecture, this process of protein secretion is markedly different between Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms.

GRAM-POSITIVE VERSUS GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA

Gram-positive bacteria possess a single biological membrane termed the cytoplasmic membrane, which is surrounded by a thick cell wall. The majority of proteins targeted for secretion possess an N-terminal amino-acid signal peptide and utilize the Sec-dependent pathway (Holland, 2004). The Sec machinery is composed of several membrane-associated proteins, including an ATPase (SecA), the Sec translocon (SecYEG), which appears to be the basic unit of cellular life forms, several integral membrane proteins (e.g. SecD, SecF), and a signal peptidase that removes the signal peptide during translocation of the proteins across the cytoplasmic membrane (Dalbey and Chen, 2004). In addition to the Sec pathway, several alternative protein-secretion systems have been recognized in Gram-positive organisms, including the Tat (twin arginine translocation) and ESAT-6/WXG-100 pathways (Pallen, 2002; Robinson and Bolhuis, 2004). However, the role of these systems in protein secretion in Gram-positive bacteria is minor in comparison with the Sec-dependent pathway. Once translocated across the cytoplasmic membrane, the mature protein either can be released into the extracellular milieu or may remain in contact with the cell wall.

Type
Chapter
Information
Bacterial-Epithelial Cell Cross-Talk
Molecular Mechanisms in Pathogenesis
 , pp. 59 - 98
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2006

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  • Bacterial secretion systems
    • By Helen J. Betts, Bacterial Pathogenesis and Genomics Unit, Division of Immunity and Infection, The Institute for Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK, Christopher M. Bailey, Bacterial Pathogenesis and Genomics Unit, Division of Immunity and Infection, The Institute for Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK, Mark J. Pallen, Bacterial Pathogenesis and Genomics Unit, Division of Immunity and Infection, The Institute for Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK, Ian R. Henderson, Bacterial Pathogenesis and Genomics Unit, Division of Immunity and Infection, The Institute for Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK
  • Edited by Beth A. McCormick, Harvard University, Massachusetts
  • Book: Bacterial-Epithelial Cell Cross-Talk
  • Online publication: 12 August 2009
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511541537.003
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  • Bacterial secretion systems
    • By Helen J. Betts, Bacterial Pathogenesis and Genomics Unit, Division of Immunity and Infection, The Institute for Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK, Christopher M. Bailey, Bacterial Pathogenesis and Genomics Unit, Division of Immunity and Infection, The Institute for Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK, Mark J. Pallen, Bacterial Pathogenesis and Genomics Unit, Division of Immunity and Infection, The Institute for Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK, Ian R. Henderson, Bacterial Pathogenesis and Genomics Unit, Division of Immunity and Infection, The Institute for Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK
  • Edited by Beth A. McCormick, Harvard University, Massachusetts
  • Book: Bacterial-Epithelial Cell Cross-Talk
  • Online publication: 12 August 2009
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511541537.003
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  • Bacterial secretion systems
    • By Helen J. Betts, Bacterial Pathogenesis and Genomics Unit, Division of Immunity and Infection, The Institute for Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK, Christopher M. Bailey, Bacterial Pathogenesis and Genomics Unit, Division of Immunity and Infection, The Institute for Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK, Mark J. Pallen, Bacterial Pathogenesis and Genomics Unit, Division of Immunity and Infection, The Institute for Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK, Ian R. Henderson, Bacterial Pathogenesis and Genomics Unit, Division of Immunity and Infection, The Institute for Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK
  • Edited by Beth A. McCormick, Harvard University, Massachusetts
  • Book: Bacterial-Epithelial Cell Cross-Talk
  • Online publication: 12 August 2009
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511541537.003
Available formats
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