Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-ndw9j Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T17:40:11.122Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Chapter 11 - The Mechanics of Galen’s Theory of Nutrition

from Part III - Towards the Mechanization of the Human Body

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 July 2023

Maria Gerolemou
Affiliation:
Center for Hellenic Studies, Washington
George Kazantzidis
Affiliation:
University of Patras, Greece
Get access

Summary

This chapter explores Galen’s ideas concerning the digestive-nutritive process. It focuses on his explanation of the motion of nutritive matter from its ingestion as food through its alteration into blood until its complete assimilation to the different body parts. The discussion follows its path inside the body from the mouth to the individual parts and describes the changes it undergoes in its different anatomical ‘stations’ and by what means it moves through these ‘stations’. In so doing it brings to light a fundamental but generally overlooked part of the digestive-nutritive process in Galen, namely physical motions of the parts such as the oesophagus, stomach and intestines. The chapter shows how these motions of contraction and extension actively and ‘mechanically’ move the nutritive matter into and through the body by pulling, pushing and compressing the parts of the body and the matter they hold inside them.

Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2023

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Balme, D.M. and Gotthelf, A., 2002. Aristotle: ‘Historia Animalium’ (Cambridge).Google Scholar
Berryman, S. 2007. ‘Teleology without Tears: Aristotle and the Role of Mechanistic Conceptions of Organisms’, Canadian Journal of Philosophy, 37.3: 351–69.Google Scholar
Boylan, M. 1982. ‘The Digestive and “Circulatory” Systems in Aristotle’s Biology’, Journal of the History of Biology, 15.1: 89118.Google Scholar
Boylan, M. 2015. The Origins of Ancient Greek Science: Blood. A Philosophical Study (New York).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brock, A. J. ed. 1916. Galen: On the Natural Faculties (Cambridge, MA) (reprint, 2006).Google Scholar
Boudon-Millot, V., A. Pietrobelli, 2005. ‘Galien ressuscité : édition princeps du texte grec du De propriis placitis’, Revue des Études Grecques, 118: 168213.Google Scholar
Corcilius, K. 2015. ‘Faculties in Ancient Philosophy’, in Perler, D., ed., The Faculties: A History (Oxford), 1958.Google Scholar
De Lacy, P. 1978–1984. Galen: On the Doctrines of Hippocrates and Plato (Berlin).Google Scholar
De Lacy, P. 1988. ‘The Third Part of the Soul’, in Manuli, P. and Vegetti, M., eds., Le opere psicologiche di Galeno: atti del terzo Colloquio galenico internazionale, Pavia, 10–12 settembre 1986 (Naples), 4363.Google Scholar
Debru, A. 2008. ‘Physiology’, in Hankinson, R. J., ed., The Cambridge Companion to Galen (Cambridge), 263–82.Google Scholar
Duckworth, W. H. L., Lyons, M. C. and Towers, B.. 1962. Galen on Anatomical Procedures: The Later Books (Cambridge) (reprint, 2010).Google Scholar
Dyce, K., Sack, W. O. and Wensing, C. J. G.. 2010. Textbook of Veterinary Anatomy (4th ed.). (St Louis).Google Scholar
Furley, D. J. and Wilkie, J. S.. 1984. Galen on Respiration and the Arteries (Princeton).Google Scholar
Garofalo, I., ed. 1986–2000. Galeni anatomicarum administrationum libri qui supersunt novem. 2 vols. (Napoli).Google Scholar
Gärtner, F., ed. 2015. Galeni De locis affectis i–ii. CMG v 6,1,1 (Berlin).Google Scholar
Gotthelf, A. 2012. Teleology, First Principles, and Scientific Method in Aristotle’s Biology (Oxford).Google Scholar
Gotthelf, A. 2015. ‘Teleology, First Principles, and Scientific Method in Aristotle’s Biology’, in Holmes, B. and Fischer, K.-D., eds., The Frontiers of Ancient Science: Essays in Honor of Heinrich von Staden (Berlin), 139–74.Google Scholar
Gundert, B., ed. 2009. Galeni De symptomatum differentiis. CMG v 5,1 (Berlin).Google Scholar
Hankinson, R. J., ed. 2008. The Cambridge Companion to Galen (Cambridge).Google Scholar
Hankinson, R. J. 2014. ‘Galen and the Ontology of Powers’, British Journal for the History of Philosophy, 22.5: 951–73.Google Scholar
Harari, O. 2016. ‘Alexander against Galen on Motion: A Mere Logical Debate?’, Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy, 50: 201–36.Google Scholar
Harris, C. R. S. 1973. The Heart and the Vascular System in Ancient Greek Medicine: From Alcmaeon to Galen (Oxford).Google Scholar
Helmreich, G., ed. 1904. Galeni De temperamentis libri tres (Leipzig).Google Scholar
Helmreich, G. 1907–9. Galeni De usu partium libri xvii. 2 vols. (Leipzig) (reprint, Amsterdam, 1968).Google Scholar
Johnson, M. R. 2017. ‘Aristotelian Mechanistic Explanation’, in Rocca, J., ed., Teleology in the Ancient World: Philosophical and Medical Approaches (Cambridge).Google Scholar
Kühn, C. G., ed. 1821–33. Claudii Galeni opera omnia. 22 vos. (Leipzig) (reprint, Cambridge, 2011).Google Scholar
Lewis, O. 2017. Praxagoras of Cos on Arteries, Pulse and Pneuma: Fragments and Interpretation (Leiden).Google Scholar
Littré, É., ed. 1861. Oeuvres completes d’Hippocrate, vol. 9 (Paris)Google Scholar
Marechal, P. 2020. ‘Reflection 1: Teleology and Function in Galenic Anatomy’, in McDonough, J. K., ed., Teleology: A History (Oxford), 6470.Google Scholar
May, M. 1968. Galen: On the Usefulness of Parts of the Body. 2 vols. (Ithaca).Google Scholar
Meyer-Steineg, T. 1913. ‘Studien zur Physiologie des Galenos’, Archiv Für Geschichte Der Medizin, 6.6: 417–48.Google Scholar
Rocca, J. 2003. Galen on the Brain: Anatomical Knowledge and Physiological Speculation in the Second Century ad (Leiden).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rocca, J. 2020. ‘Galen on Pneuma: Between Metaphysical Speculation and Anatomical Theory’, in Coughlin, S., Leith, D. and Lewis, O., eds., The Concept of Pneuma after Aristotle (Berlin), 283312.Google Scholar
Schiefsky, M. J. 2007. ‘Galen’s Teleology and Functional Explanation’, Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy, 33: 369400.Google Scholar
Schiefsky, M. J. 2012. ‘Galen and the Tripartite Soul’, in Barney, R., Brennan, T. and Brittain, C., eds., Plato and the Divided Self (Cambridge), 331–49.Google Scholar
Siegel, R. E. 1968. Galen’s System of Physiology and Medicine: An Analysis of His Doctrines and Observations on Bloodflow, Respiration, Humors and Internal Diseases (Basel).Google Scholar
Simon, M. 1906. Sieben Bucher Anatomie des Galen, 2 vols. (Leipzig).Google Scholar
Singer, P. N. and van der Eijk, P. J., eds. 2019. Galen: Works on Human Nature, vol. 1: Mixtures (Cambridge).Google Scholar
Van der Eijk, P. J, 2014. ‘Galen on the Nature of Human Beings’, in Adamson, P., Hansberger, R. and Wilberding, J., eds., Philosophical Themes in Galen (Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies Supplement 114) (London), 89134.Google Scholar
Van der Eijk, P. J 2015. ‘Galen on the Assessment of Bodily Mixtures’, in Holmes, B. and Fischer, K.-D., eds., The Frontiers of Ancient Science: Essays in Honor of Heinrich von Staden (Berlin), 675–98.Google Scholar
Von Staden, H. 1997. ‘Teleology and Mechanism: Aristotelian Biology and Early Hellenistic Medicine’, in Kullmann, W. and Föllinger, S., eds., Aristotelische Biologie: Intentionen, Methoden, Ergebnisse: Akten des Symposions über Aristoteles’ Biologie vom 24.–28. Juli 1995 in der Werner-Reimers-Stiftung in Bad Homburg (Wiesbaden), 183208.Google Scholar
Von Staden, H. 2002. ‘Body, Soul, and Nerves: Epicurus, Herophilus, Erasistratus, the Stoics, and Galen’, in Wright, J. P and Potter, P., eds., Psyche and Soma: Physicians and Metaphysicians on the Mind–Body Problem from Antiquity to Enlightenment (Oxford).Google Scholar
Trompeter, J. 2018. ‘The Actions of Spirit and Appetite: Voluntary Motion in Galen’, Phronesis, 63.2: 176207.Google Scholar
Visible Body: Human Anatomy Atlas. 2017. Version 2017.2.08 [Computer Software], Argosy Publishing.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×