Book contents
- The Cambridge History of the Kurds
- The Cambridge History of the Kurds
- Copyright page
- Contents
- Figures
- Maps
- Tables
- Contributors
- Acknowledgements
- Abbreviations
- Additional material
- Introduction
- Part I Historical Legacies
- Part II Regional Political Developments and the Kurds in the Twentieth and Twenty-First Centuries
- Part III Domestic Political Developments and the Kurds in the Twentieth and Twenty-First Centuries
- Part IV Religion and Society
- Part V Kurdish Language
- 24 The History of Kurdish and the Development of Literary Kurmanji
- 25 The History and Development of Literary Central Kurdish
- 26 The Kırmanjki (Zazaki) Dialect of Kurdish Language and the Issues It Faces
- Part VI Art, Culture and Literature
- Part VII Transversal Dynamics
- Index
- References
25 - The History and Development of Literary Central Kurdish
from Part V - Kurdish Language
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 13 April 2021
Book contents
- The Cambridge History of the Kurds
- The Cambridge History of the Kurds
- Copyright page
- Contents
- Figures
- Maps
- Tables
- Contributors
- Acknowledgements
- Abbreviations
- Additional material
- Introduction
- Part I Historical Legacies
- Part II Regional Political Developments and the Kurds in the Twentieth and Twenty-First Centuries
- Part III Domestic Political Developments and the Kurds in the Twentieth and Twenty-First Centuries
- Part IV Religion and Society
- Part V Kurdish Language
- 24 The History of Kurdish and the Development of Literary Kurmanji
- 25 The History and Development of Literary Central Kurdish
- 26 The Kırmanjki (Zazaki) Dialect of Kurdish Language and the Issues It Faces
- Part VI Art, Culture and Literature
- Part VII Transversal Dynamics
- Index
- References
Summary
“There are about eight million speakers of Central Kurdish (Sorani) in Iran and Iraq. Unlike Iran, in Iraq the language enjoys an official status at both regional (Kurdistan Regional Government) and federal levels. This chapter presents a chronological history of the emergence, development and standardization of written Central Kurdish in Kurdistan (Iran and Iraq) and diasporas. It underlines language planning achievements to date and the challenges the language faces in terms of corpus planning, status and recognition and acquisition planning (its teaching and learning). Debates over what this variety should be called and a detailed breakdown of the population of its speakers are presented.”
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- The Cambridge History of the Kurds , pp. 633 - 662Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2021
References
Abdullah, J. J. (1980). Some aspects of language purism among Kurdish speakers. Unpublished PhD thesis. University of York.Google Scholar
Asaf, H. and Abdulrahman, O. A. (2015). Şêwezarî Soranî le nêwan zarî nawerast u jûrû da (Sorani dialect between central Kurdish and northern Kurdish). Raperin University Journal, 2 (5), 241–64.Google Scholar
Awde, N. (2009). Kurdish Sorani: Dictionary and Phrasebook (Romanized). New York: Hippocrene Books.Google Scholar
Basî ziman le (2011). ‘Basî ziman le êwarekorekî Korî Zanyarî da’ (Discussing language in an evening seminar at the Kurdish Academy). 3 May. Hawler. http://hawler.in/news16110-8.htm.Google Scholar
Cooper, R. (1989). Language Planning and Social Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
de Morgan, J. M. (1904). Études linguistiques. Dialectes kurdes. Langues et dialectes du nord de la Perse. (Mission Scientifique en Perse, Tome V.) Leiden: E. J. Brill.Google Scholar
Fossum, L. O. (1919). A Practical Kurdish Grammar. Minneapolis, MN: Augsburg Publishing House.Google Scholar
Ghassemlou, A. R. (1965). Kurdistan and the Kurds. Prague: Publishing House of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences.Google Scholar
Ghazi, A. (1988). Dastooreh Zabaneh Kordi (Kurdish Language Grammar). Urmiyah: Salahaddin Eyubi Publications.Google Scholar
Hasanpoor, J. (1999). A Study of European, Persian and Arabic Loans in Standard Sorani. Uppsala: Uppsala University.Google Scholar
Hassanpour, A. (1992). Nationalism and Language in Kurdistan, 1918–1985. San Francisco, CA: Mellen Research University Press.Google Scholar
Hassanpour, A. (2015). Sedeyek xebat le pênawî zimanî Kurdî da: Tiyorî, siaset u îdiyolojî (A Century Struggle for the Kurdish Language: Theory, Politics and Ideology). Sulaimani: Binkey Jin.Google Scholar
Hînkerê zimanê Kurdî (1921).Hînkerê zimanê Kurdî: Rêberê [ziman her dû Kurdî]: Kurmanjî-Babanî (Kurdish Language Tutor: Guide to Both Kurdish Languages) (1921). Ji neşriyata Hêvî Ciwana telebeyê Kurdan (published by the Hêvî/Hope Kurdish Youth Students). [Istanbul?]: Najmeh Esteqbal Publishing.Google Scholar
Hussein, H. (2008). Rojnamewanîyi Kurdî: Serdemî Komarî Dêmokratî Kurdistan, 1943–1947 (Kurdish Journalism: During the Kurdistan Democratic Republic, 1943–1947). Hawler: Bedirxan.Google Scholar
Iraq’s Constitution (2005). www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Iraq_2005.pdf?lang=en.Google Scholar
Janbaz, T. (2019). ‘Carenusi zimanî Kurdî le xulî pencemî Parlimanî Kurdistan da’ (The fate of Kurdish in the fifth round of the Kurdistan parliament). http://kurdpu.krd/index.php/ku/.Google Scholar
Karadaghi, R. (2006). The Azadi English–Kurdish Dictionary. Tehran: Ehsan Publishing House.Google Scholar
Khoshnaw, N. (2013). Zimanî standardî Kurdî (Standard Kurdish Language). Hawler: Hêvî.Google Scholar
Kreyenbroek, P. (2005). Kurdish written literature. In Encyclopedia Iranica. www.iranicaonline.org/articles/kurdish-written-literature.Google Scholar
Kurdistan: Constitution of the Iraqi Kurdistan Region (n.d.). Retrieved from https://unpo.org/article/538.Google Scholar
Leach, E. R. (1940). Social and Economic Organization of the Rowanduz Kurds. Oxford: BERG.Google Scholar
Leezenberg, M. (2020). Vernacularization as governmentalization: The development of Kurdish in Mandate Iraq. In den Berg, H. M., Summerer, K. S. and Baarda, T. (eds), Arabic and Its Alternatives: Religious Minorities and Their Languages in the Emerging Nation States of the Middle East (1920–1950) (pp. 50–76). Boston, MA: Brill.Google Scholar
MacKenzie, D. (1961). Kurdish Dialect Studies. Vols 1 and 2. London: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
McCarus, E. (1958). A Kurdish Grammar: Descriptive Analysis of the Kurdish of Sulaimaniya, Iraq. New York: American Council of Learned Societies.Google Scholar
Merchant, L. (2013). Introduction to Sorani Kurdish: The Principal Kurdish Dialect Spoken in the Regions of Northern Iraq and Western Iran. Raniya, KRG: University of Raparin.Google Scholar
Muhammad, M. (2011). Runkirdneweyêkî pêwîst (A necessary clarification). In The Language and Its Sciences’ Committee of the Kurdish Science Academy (ed.), Rêzmanî axawtinî Kurdî: Be pêy lêkołîinewey lêjney ziman u zanistekanî le Korî Zaniyarî Kurd (Syntax of Spoken Kurdish: Based on Research Conducted by the Language and Its Sciences’ Committee of the Kurdish Science Academy) (pp. 5–10). Hawler: Aras Publications.Google Scholar
Mukriyani, G. (1960). Elfûbêy Kurdî, wênedar: Be tîpî Latînî (The Kurdish Alphabet Illustrated: With the Latin Alphabet). Hawler: Kurdistan Publishing House.Google Scholar
Nabaz, J. (2008). ‘Wişenamekî îtîmolojyay zimanî Kurdî’ (An etymological glossary of Kurdish). www.kurdipedia.org/default.aspx?q=2010122214410418804&lng=22.Google Scholar
Nali. (1976). The Collection of Nali’s Poetry. Collated and explained by Mala Abdulkareem Mudarris and Fatih Abdulkareem. Revised by Muhammad I Mala Kareem. Baghdad: Kurdish Academy Press.Google Scholar
Nikitine, B. (1926). Kurdish stories from my collection. Bulletin of the School of Oriental Studies, 4 (1), 121–38.Google Scholar
Öpengin, E. (2016). The Mukri Variety of Central Kurdish: Grammar, Texts and Lexicon. Wiesbaden: Verlag.Google Scholar
Qazzaz, S. (2000). Ferhengî Kurdî–Înglîzî Sharezûr (The Sharezoor Kurdish–English Dictionary). Hawler: Aras Press and Publishers.Google Scholar
Rasoul, M. (2008 [1960]). Pêşekî (Preface). In Ghazi, R. (ed.), Peshmerga: Roman (Peshmerga: Novel). 3rd ed. Hawler: Aras Publications.Google Scholar
Roshani, D. (2010). ‘Nation state building or language planning’. https://ekurd.net/mismas/articles/misc2010/2/independentstate3547.htm.Google Scholar
Sabir, K. (1984). Zimanî neteweyî Kurdî (Kurdish National Language). Baghdad: Iraqi Science Academy, Kurdish Branch.Google Scholar
Sabir, R. (2008). Zimanî edebiyî yekgirtûy Kurd u elfûbêy Kurdî (The unified literary Kurdish language and the Kurdish alphabet). Kurdology, 1, 34–77.Google Scholar
Sajjadi, B. and Ibrahimi, M. (2015). Ziman u wêjey Kurdî: Bijardey qonaxî karnasî (Kurdish Language and Literature: General Lesson, BA Level Selection). Saqez, Kurdistan, Iran: Gutar.Google Scholar
Shakely, F. (2011). Zimanî Kurdî le astaney serdemêkî taze da (Kurdish Language at the Threshold of a New Age). Hawler: Aras.Google Scholar
Sheyholislami, J. (2011). Kurdish Identity, Discourse, and New Media. 1st ed. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Sheyholislami, J. (2012a). Kurdish in Iran: A case of restricted and controlled tolerance. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 217, 19–47.Google Scholar
Sheyholislami, J. (2012b). Linguistic minorities on the Internet. In St.Amant, K. and Sigrid, K. (eds), Computer-Mediated Communication across Cultures: International Interactions in Online Environments (pp. 235–50). Hershey, PA: IGI Global.Google Scholar
Sheyholislami, J. (2017). Language status and party politics in Kurdistan-Iraq: The case of Badini and Hawrami varieties. In Arslan, Z. (ed.), Zazaki—Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow: Survival and Standardization of a Threatened Language (pp. 55–76). Graz, Austria: Wien Kultur.Google Scholar
Sheyholislami, J. (2018). [The Kurdish] language. In Maisel, S. (ed.), The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society (pp. 141–62). Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO.Google Scholar
Sheyholislami, J. (2019). Language as a problem: Language policy and language rights in Kurdistan-Iran. Etudes Kurdes, December, 99–134.Google Scholar
Sidqi, S. (1928). Muxteser serf u neħwî Kurdî (A Sketch of Kurdish Grammar). Baghdad: Najah Press.Google Scholar
Thackston, W. M. (n.d.). Zimanî Kurdî Soranî—Sorani Kurdish—A Reference Grammar with Selected Readings. https://sites.fas.harvard.edu/~iranian/Sorani/sorani_1_grammar.pdf.Google Scholar
Vali, A. (2011). Kurds and the State in Iran: The Making of Kurdish Identity. London: I.B. Tauris.Google Scholar
Vanley[Vanly], I. C. (1959). The question of the unification of the written Kurdish language: Kurmanji or Sorani? Kurdistan (KSSE), November, 5–10.Google Scholar
Wahby, T. (1929). Destûrî zimanî Kurdî (Grammar of the Kurdish Language). Baghdad: Dar al-Tibaʿat al-Haditha.Google Scholar
Wahby, T. and Edmonds, C. J. (1966). A Kurdish–English Dictionary. London: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Zabihi, A. R. (1977). Qamûsî zimanî kurdî (Dictionary of the Kurdish Language). Vol. I. Baghdad: KZK Press.Google Scholar
- 2
- Cited by