Book contents
- The cambridge history of the Papacy
- The Cambridge History of the Papacy
- Copyright page
- Contents
- Contributors
- General Introduction
- Part I Christendom and Empire
- Part II Crises, Schisms, and Dissent
- 6 Gregory VII and the Reform Movement
- 7 The Schism of 1054
- 8 The Papacy, Heresy, and Religious Dissent
- 9 The Papacy and Crusaders: From the Saracens to Stalin
- 10 The Avignon Papacy and the Great Western Schism
- 11 The Great Western Schism in History and Memory
- Part III Reformations and Revolutions
- Part IV Theopolitics and Religious Diplomacy
- Part V Inter-Faith Relations: Confrontation and Dialogue
- Select Bibliography
- Index
7 - The Schism of 1054
from Part II - Crises, Schisms, and Dissent
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 28 February 2025
- The cambridge history of the Papacy
- The Cambridge History of the Papacy
- Copyright page
- Contents
- Contributors
- General Introduction
- Part I Christendom and Empire
- Part II Crises, Schisms, and Dissent
- 6 Gregory VII and the Reform Movement
- 7 The Schism of 1054
- 8 The Papacy, Heresy, and Religious Dissent
- 9 The Papacy and Crusaders: From the Saracens to Stalin
- 10 The Avignon Papacy and the Great Western Schism
- 11 The Great Western Schism in History and Memory
- Part III Reformations and Revolutions
- Part IV Theopolitics and Religious Diplomacy
- Part V Inter-Faith Relations: Confrontation and Dialogue
- Select Bibliography
- Index
Summary
When and how did the Schism between the Western Catholic and the Eastern Orthodox Churches take place? The West commonly associates it with an incident in 1054 CE. Of the many points of difference and dispute between East and West in 1054, only two remain current: the ultimate theological authority of either ecumenical councils or the papacy, and the West’s insertion of the filioque (“and the Son”) into the Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed of 381 CE. This chapter discusses both the origin of the filioque and the subsequent rise of monarchic papal authority in the West. The insertion of the filioque is sometimes incorrectly attributed to the Third Council of Toledo (589 CE), but it was definitively added to the creed by the Carolingians at a council in Aachen in 809 CE in close association with Charlemagne’s claim to be the only legitimate Roman emperor, and that change in the creed prevailed despite opposition at the time by Pope Leo III.
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- The Cambridge History of the Papacy , pp. 185 - 212Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2025