Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-xbtfd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T05:45:51.515Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Part I - Conceptual Foundations of Climate Distress in Young People

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 June 2024

Edited by
Elizabeth Haase  and
Kelsey Hudson
Elizabeth Haase
Affiliation:
University of Nevada, Reno
Kelsey Hudson
Affiliation:
Climate Psychology Alliance North America
Get access

Summary

A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
Climate Change and Youth Mental Health
Multidisciplinary Perspectives
 , pp. 1 - 186
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2024

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References

Adams, H., Blackburn, S., & Mantovani, N. (2021). Psychological resilience for climate change transformation: Relational, differentiated and situated perspectives. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 50, 303–309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2021.06.011CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Akachi, Y., Goodman, D., & Parker, D. (2009). Global climate change and child health: A review of pathways, impacts and measures to improve the evidence base. Innocenti Discussion Papers. https://doi.org/10.18356/32199510-enCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Atherton, R. (2020). Climate anxiety: Survey for BBC Newsround shows children losing sleep over climate change and the environment. www.bbc.co.uk/newsround/51451737Google Scholar
Bahadur, A., & Tanner, T. (2014). Transformational resilience thinking: Putting people, power and politics at the heart of urban climate resilience. Environment and Urbanization, 26(1), 200–214. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956247814522154CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baker, C., Clayton, S., & Bragg, E. (2021). Educating for resilience: Parent and teacher perceptions of children’s emotional needs in response to climate change. Environmental Education Research, 27(5), 687–705. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2020.1828288CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barlow, D. H. (2000). Unraveling the mysteries of anxiety and its disorders from the perspective of emotion theory. American Psychologist, 55(11), 1247–1263. https://doi.org/10.1037//0003-066x.55.11.1247CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bartlett, S. (2008). The implications of climate change for children in lower-income countries. Children, Youth and Environments, 18(1), 71–98. www.jstor.org/stable/10.7721/chilyoutenvi.18.1.0071CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bingley, W. J., Tran, A., Boyd, C. P., Gibson, K., Kalokerinos, E. K., Koval, P., … Greenaway, K. H. (2022). A multiple needs framework for climate change anxiety interventions. American Psychologist, 77(7), 812. https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0001012CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brosch, T. (2021). Affect and emotions as drivers of climate change perception and action: A review. Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, 42, 15–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cobeha.2021.02.001CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, S., Bagrodia, R., Pfeffer, C. C., Meli, L., & Bonanno, G. A. (2020). Anxiety and resilience in the face of natural disasters associated with climate change: A review and methodological critique. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 76, 102297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102297CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Clayton, S., & Karazsia, B. T. (2020). Development and validation of a measure of climate change anxiety. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 69, 101434. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2020.101434CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crandon, T. J., Scott, J. G., Charlson, F. J., & Thomas, H. J. (2022). A social-ecological perspective of climate anxiety in children and adolescents. Nature Climate Change, 12, 123–131. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-021-01251-yCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crowe, D. (2019). Morrison warns against “needless anxiety” after Thunberg climate speech. The Sydney Morning Herald, September 25.Google Scholar
Cunsolo, A., & Ellis, N. R. (2018). Ecological grief as a mental health response to climate change-related loss. Nature Climate Change, 8(4), 275–281. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-018-0092-2CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davenport, F., Grace, K., Funk, C., & Shukla, S. (2017). Child health outcomes in sub-Saharan Africa: A comparison of changes in climate and socio-economic factors. Global Environmental Change, 46, 72–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2017.04.009CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Doherty, T. J., Lykins, A. D., Piotrowski, N. A., Rogers, Z., SebreeJr, D. D., & White, K. E. (2022). 11.12 – Clinical psychology responses to the climate crisis. In Asmundson, G. J. G. (Ed.), Comprehensive clinical psychology (2nd ed., Vol. 11, pp. 167–183). Elsevier. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-818697-8.00236-3CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dooley, L., Sheats, J., Hamilton, O., Chapman, D., & Karlin, B. (2021). Climate change and youth mental health: Psychological impacts, resilience resources, and future directions. See Change Institute.Google Scholar
Doppelt, B. (2016). Transformational resilience: How building human resilience to climate disruption can safeguard society and increase wellbeing. Routledge.Google Scholar
Galway, L. P., & Beery, T. (2022). Exploring climate emotions in Canada’s provincial north. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 920313. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.920313CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hanna, R., & Oliva, P. (2016). Implications of climate change for children in developing countries. The Future of Children, 26(1), 115–132. www.jstor.org/stable/43755233CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hardgrove, A., Pells, K., Boyden, J., & Dornan, P. (2014). Youth vulnerabilities in life course transitions. UNDP (United Nations Development Programme).Google Scholar
Haynes, K., & Tanner, T. M. (2015). Empowering young people and strengthening resilience: Youth-centred participatory video as a tool for climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction. Children’s Geographies, 13(3), 357–371. https://doi.org/10.1080/14733285.2013.848599CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heeren, A., Mouguiama-Daouda, C., & Contreras, A. (2022). On climate anxiety and the threat it may pose to daily life functioning and adaptation: A study among European and African French-speaking participants. Climatic Change, 173(1), 15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-022-03402-2CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Helldén, D., Andersson, C., Nilsson, M., Ebi, K. L., Friberg, P., & Alfvén, T. (2021). Climate change and child health: A scoping review and an expanded conceptual framework. The Lancet Planetary Health, 5(3), e164–e175. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(20)30274-6CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hickman, C. (2020). We need to (find a way to) talk about … eco-anxiety. Journal of Social Work Practice, 34(4), 411–424. https://doi.org/10.1080/02650533.2020.1844166CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hickman, C., Marks, E., Pihkala, P., Clayton, S., Lewandowski, R. E., Mayall, E. E., … van Susteren, L. (2021). Climate anxiety in children and young people and their beliefs about government responses to climate change: A global survey. The Lancet Planetary Health, 5(12), E863–E873. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(21)00278-3CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hogg, T., Stanley, S., O’Brien, L., Wilson, M., & Watsford, C. (2021). The Hogg eco-anxiety scale: Development and validation of a multidimensional scale. Global Environmental Change, 71, 102391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2021.102391CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Iniguez-Gallardo, V., Lenti Boero, D., & Tzanopoulos, J. (2021). Climate change and emotions: Analysis of people’s emotional states in southern Ecuador [original research]. Frontiers in Psychology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.644240CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
IPCC (2022). Climate change 2022: Impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Pörtner, H.-O., Roberts, D. C., Tignor, M., Poloczanska, E. S., Mintenbeck, K., Alegría, A., Craig, M., Langsdorf, S., Löschke, S., Möller, V., Okem, A., & Rama, B. (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781009325844.Google Scholar
Isaacs-Thomas, I. (2021). How young people feel about climate change and their future. PBS News Hour, November 5. www.pbs.org/newshour/science/young-people-are-optimistic-that-theres-time-to-prevent-the-worst-effects-of-climate-changeGoogle Scholar
Larionow, P., Sołtys, M., Izdebski, P., Mudło-Głagolska, K., Golonka, J., Demski, M., & Rosińska, M. (2022). Climate change anxiety assessment: The psychometric properties of the Polish version of the Climate Anxiety Scale. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.870392CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. Springer.Google Scholar
Lee, K., Gjersoe, N., O’Neill, S., & Barnett, J. (2020). Youth perceptions of climate change: A narrative synthesis. WIREs Climate Change, 11(3), e641. https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.641CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leiserowitz, A., Carman, J., Buttermore, N., Neyens, L., Rosenthal, S., Marlon, J., Schneider, J., & Mulcahy, K. (2022). International public opinion on climate change, 2022. Yale Program on Climate Change Communication and Data for Good at Meta.Google Scholar
Lewis, G. B., Palm, R., & Feng, B. (2019). Cross-national variation in determinants of climate change concern. Environmental Politics, 28(5), 793–821. https://doi.org/10.1080/09644016.2018.1512261CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McDermott, B. M., Lee, E. M., Judd, M., & Gibbon, P. (2005). Posttraumatic stress disorder and general psychopathology in children and adolescents following a wildfire disaster. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry/La Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 50(3), 137–143. https://doi.org/10.1177/070674370505000302CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mouguiama-Daouda, C., Blanchard, M. A., Coussement, C., & Heeren, A. (2022). On the measurement of climate change anxiety: French validation of the Climate Anxiety Scale. Psychologica Belgica, 62(1), 123–135. https://doi.org/10.5334/pb.1137CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ogunbode, C. A., Böhm, G., Capstick, S. B., Demski, C., Spence, A., & Tausch, N. (2019). The resilience paradox: Flooding experience, coping and climate change mitigation intentions. Climate Policy, 19(6), 703–715. https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2018.1560242CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ogunbode, C. A., Pallesen, S., Böhm, G., Doran, R., Bhullar, N., Aquino, S., … Lomas, M. J. (2021). Negative emotions about climate change are related to insomnia symptoms and mental health: Cross-sectional evidence from 25 countries. Current Psychology, 42, 845–854. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-01385-4CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ojala, M. (2011). Hope and climate change: The importance of hope for environmental engagement among young people. Environmental Education Research, 18(5), 625–642. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2011.637157CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ojala, M. (2012). Regulating worry, promoting hope: How do children, adolescents, and young adults cope with climate change? International Journal of Environmental and Science Education, 7(4), 537–561. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ997146.pdfGoogle Scholar
Ojala, M. (2015). Hope in the face of climate change: associations with environmental engagement and student perceptions of teachers’ emotion communication style and future orientation. Journal of Environmental Education, 46(3), 133–148. https://doi.org/10.1080/00958964.2015.1021662CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ojala, M., Cunsolo, A., Ogunbode, C. A., & Middleton, J. (2021). Anxiety, worry, and grief in a time of environmental and climate crisis: A narrative review. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 46(1), 35–58. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-012220-022716CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pihkala, P. (2022). Toward a taxonomy of climate emotions. Frontiers in Climate, 3. https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2021.738154CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reyes, M. E. S., Carmen, B. P. B., Luminarias, M. E. P., Mangulabnan, S. A. N. B., & Ogunbode, C. A. (2021). An investigation into the relationship between climate change anxiety and mental health among Gen Z Filipinos. Current Psychology, 42, 7448–7456. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-02099-3CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rothschild, J., & Haase, E. (2022). The mental health of women and climate change: Direct neuropsychiatric impacts and associated psychological concerns. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 160(2), 405–413. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijgo.14479CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sanson, A. V., Van Hoorn, J., & Burke, S. E. L. (2019). Responding to the impacts of the climate crisis on children and youth. Child Development Perspectives, 13(4), 201–207. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12342CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schneider, C. R., Zaval, L., & Markowitz, E. M. (2021). Positive emotions and climate change. Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, 42, 114–120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cobeha.2021.04.009CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schneider, C. R., Zaval, L., Weber, E. U., & Markowitz, E. M. (2017). The influence of anticipated pride and guilt on pro-environmental decision making. PLoS One, 12(11), e0188781. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0188781CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schwartz, S. E. O., Benoit, L., Clayton, S., Parnes, M. F., Swenson, L., & Lowe, S. R. (2022). Climate change anxiety and mental health: Environmental activism as buffer. Current Psychology, 42, 16708–16721. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-022-02735-6Google Scholar
Sciberras, E., & Fernando, J. W. (2021). Climate change-related worry among Australian adolescents: An eight-year longitudinal study. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 27(1), 22–29. https://doi.org/10.1111/camh.12521CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Simon, P. D., Pakingan, K. A., & Aruta, J. J. B. R. (2022). Measurement of climate change anxiety and its mediating effect between experience of climate change and mitigation actions of Filipino youth. Educational and Developmental Psychologist, 39(1), 17–27. https://doi.org/10.1080/20590776.2022.2037390CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stevenson, K., & Peterson, N. (2016). Motivating action through fostering climate change hope and concern and avoiding despair among adolescents. Sustainability, 8(1), 6. www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/8/1/6CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stroebe, M., Boelen, P. A., van den Hout, M., Stroebe, W., Salemink, E., & van den Bout, J. (2007). Ruminative coping as avoidance. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 257(8), 462–472. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-007-0746-yCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Subramaniam, V. (2007). Seasonal variation in the incidence of preeclampsia and eclampsia in tropical climatic conditions. BMC Women’s Health, 7(1), 18. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6874-7-18CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Swim, J. K., Aviste, R., Lengieza, M. L., & Fasano, C. J. (2022). OK Boomer: A decade of generational differences in feelings about climate change. Global Environmental Change, 73, 102479. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2022.102479CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tam, K.-P., Chan, H.-W., & Clayton, S. (2023). Climate change anxiety in China, India, Japan, and the United States. Journal of Environmental Psychology, in press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thiery, W., Lange, S., Rogelj, J., Schleussner, C.-F., Gudmundsson, L., Seneviratne, S. I., … Wada, Y. (2021). Intergenerational inequities in exposure to climate extremes. Science, 374(6564), 158–160. https://doi.org/doi:10.1126/science.abi7339CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
UNICEF (2021, 19 August). The impacts of climate change put almost every child at risk. www.unicef.org/stories/impacts-climate-change-put-almost-every-child-riskGoogle Scholar
Wang, S., Leviston, Z., Hurlstone, M., Lawrence, C., & Walker, I. (2018). Emotions predict policy support: Why it matters how people feel about climate change. Global Environmental Change, 50, 25–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2018.03.002CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wullenkord, M., Toger, J., Hamann, K. R., Loy, L., & Reese, G. (2021). Anxiety and climate change: A validation of the Climate Anxiety Scale in a German-speaking quota sample and an investigation of psychological correlates. Climatic Change, 168(3), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/76ez2CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yelland, C., Robinson, P., Lock, C., La Greca, A. M., Kokegei, B., Ridgway, V., & Lai, B. (2010). Bushfire impact on youth. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 23(2), 274–277. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.20521CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

References

Albrecht, G. (2019). Earth emotions: New words for a new world. Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Albrecht, G., Sartore, G.-M., Connor, L., Higginbotham, N., Freeman, S., Kelly, B., … Pollard, G. (2007). Solastalgia: The distress caused by environmental change. Australasian Psychiatry: Bulletin of the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists, 15(S1), S95–S98. https://doi.org/10.1080/10398560701701288CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Barlow, D. H. (2004). Anxiety and its disorders: The nature and treatment of anxiety and panic (2nd ed.). Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Barnwell, G., Stroud, L., & Watson, M. (2020). Critical reflections from South Africa: Using the Power Threat Meaning Framework to place climate-related distress in its socio-political context. Clinical Psychology Forum, 332 (August), 7–15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berglund, K. (2019). There is no alternative: A symbolic interactionist account of Swedish climate activists. Vol. Master’s thesis [Lund University, Department of Sociology]. http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/8990902/file/8990903.pdfGoogle Scholar
Bronswijk, K. van, & Hausmann, C. M. (2022). Climate emotions: Klimakrise und psychische Gesundheit. Psychosozial-Verlag. www.beck-shop.de/hausmann-bronswijk-climate-emotions/product/34000720CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Budziszewska, M., & Kałwak, W. (2022). Climate depression. Critical analysis of the concept. Psychiatria Polska, 56(1), 171–182. https://doi.org/10.12740/PP/127900CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Clayton, S. (2020). Climate anxiety: Psychological responses to climate change. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 74, 102263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102263CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Clayton, S., & Karazsia, B. T. (2020). Development and validation of a measure of climate change anxiety. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 69, 101434. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2020.101434CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clayton, S., Manning, C. M., Krygsman, K., & Speiser, M. (2017). Mental health and our changing climate: Impacts, implications, and guidance. APA & EcoAmerica.Google Scholar
Coffey, Y., Bhullar, N., Durkin, J., Islam, M. S., & Usher, K. (2021). Understanding eco-anxiety: A systematic scoping review of current literature and identified knowledge gaps. Journal of Climate Change and Health, 3, 100047. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joclim.2021.100047CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Comtesse, H., Ertl, V., Hengst, S. M. C., Rosner, R., & Smid, G. E. (2021). Ecological grief as a response to environmental change: A mental health risk or functional response? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(2), 734. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020734CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cunsolo, A., Harper, S. L., Minor, K., Hayes, K., Williams, K. G., & Howard, C. (2020). Ecological grief and anxiety: The start of a healthy response to climate change? The Lancet Planetary Health, 4(7), e261–e263. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(20)30144-3CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cunsolo Willox, A., & Ellis, N. R. (2018). Ecological grief as a mental health response to climate change-related loss. Nature Climate Change, 8(4), 275–281.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cunsolo Willox, A., & Landman, K. (Eds.) (2017). Mourning nature: Hope at the heart of ecological loss & grief. McGill-Queen’s University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Daniel-Watanabe, L., & Fletcher, P. (2022). Are fear and anxiety truly distinct? Biological Psychiatry Global Open Science, 2(4), 341–349.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Drapeau, A., Marchand, A., & Beaulieu-Prévost, D. (2011). Epidemiology of psychological distress. In L’Abate, L. (Ed.), Mental illnesses – Understanding, prediction and control (pp. 105–133). InTech.Google Scholar
Helm, S. V., Pollitt, A., Barnett, M. A., Curran, M. A., & Craig, Z. R. (2018). Differentiating environmental concern in the context of psychological adaption to climate change. Global Environmental Change, 48, 158–167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2017.11.012.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hepp, J., Klein, S. A., Horsten, L., Urbild, J., & Lane, S. P. (2022). The climate change distress and impairment scale: Introduction of the measure and first findings on pro-environmental behavior. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/j6pbuGoogle Scholar
Hickman, C., Marks, E., Pihkala, P., Clayton, S., Lewandowski, R. E., Mayall, E. E., … Susteren, L. van (2021). Climate anxiety in children and young people and their beliefs about government responses to climate change: A global survey. The Lancet Planetary Health, 5(12), e863–e873. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(21)00278-3CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Higginbotham, N., Connor, L., Albrecht, G., Freeman, S., & Agho, K. (2006). Validation of an environmental distress scale. EcoHealth, 3, 245–254.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hogg, T. L., Stanley, S. K., O’Brien, L. V., Wilson, M. S., & Watsford, C. R. (2021). The Hogg Eco-Anxiety Scale: Development and validation of a multidimensional scale. Global Environmental Change, 71, 102391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2021.102391CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoggett, P. (2019). Climate psychology: On indifference to disaster. Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11741-2CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Horwitz, A. V. (2007). Distinguishing distress from disorder as psychological outcomes of stressful social arrangements. Health, 11(3), 273–289. https://doi.org/10.1177/1363459307077541CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hyry, J. (2019). Kansalaiskysely ilmastonmuutoksesta ja tunteista [National survey on climate change and emotions]. Sitra, the Finnish Innovation Fund. https://media.sitra.fi/2019/08/21153439/ilmastotunteet-2019-kyselytutkimuksen-tulokset.pdf & https://media.sitra.fi/2019/11/29131052/sitraclimate-emotions-report-2019.pdfGoogle Scholar
Kurth, C. (2018). The anxious mind: An investigation into the varieties and virtues of anxiety. MIT Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kurth, C., & Pihkala, P. (2022). Eco-anxiety: What it is and why it matters. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.981814Google ScholarPubMed
Lawton, G. (2019). I have eco-anxiety but that’s normal. New Scientist, 244(3251), 22. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0262-4079(19)31914-1Google Scholar
LeDoux, J. (2016). Anxious: Using the brain to understand and treat fear and anxiety. Penguin Books.Google Scholar
Mayes, E., & Hartup, M. E. (2022). News coverage of the School Strike for Climate movement in Australia: The politics of representing young strikers’ emotions. Journal of Youth Studies, 25(7), 994–1016. https://doi.org/10.1080/13676261.2021.1929887CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moser, S. C. (2019). Not for the faint of heart: Tasks of climate change communication in the context of societal transformation. In Feola, G., Geoghegan, H., & Arnall, A. (Eds.), Climate and culture: Multidisciplinary perspectives of knowing, being and doing in a climate change world (pp. 141–167). Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Nelson, D. L., & Simmons, B. L. (2003). Eustress: An elusive construct, an engaging pursuit. In Perrewe, P. L. & Ganster, D. C. (Eds.), Emotional and physiological processes and positive intervention strategies (Vol. 3, pp. 265–322). Emerald Group. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1479-3555(03)03007-5CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ojala, M. (2007). Hope and worry: Exploring young people’s values, emotions, and behavior regarding global environmental problems. Örebro University, Universitetsbiblioteket.Google Scholar
Ojala, M., Cunsolo, A., Ogunbode, C. A., & Middleton, J. (2021). Anxiety, worry, and grief in a time of environmental and climate crisis: A narrative review. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 46(1). https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-012220-022716CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Phillips, M. R. (2009). Is distress a symptom of mental disorders, a marker of impairment, both or neither? World Psychiatry, 8(2), 91–92.Google ScholarPubMed
Pihkala, P. (2019). Eco-anxiety and hope (a blog by Panu Pihkala). https://ecoanxietyandhope.blogspot.com/2019/11/eco-anxiety-in-finland-tale-of-national.htmlGoogle Scholar
Pihkala, P. (2020a). Anxiety and the ecological crisis: An analysis of eco-anxiety and climate anxiety. Sustainability, 12(19), 7836. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12197836CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pihkala, P. (2020b). Eco-anxiety and environmental education. Sustainability, 12(23), 10149. https://doi.org/10.3390/su122310149CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pihkala, P. (2022a). Commentary: Three tasks for eco‐anxiety research – a commentary on Thompson et al. (2021). Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 27(1), 92–93. https://doi.org/10.1111/camh.12529CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pihkala, P. (2022b). Toward a taxonomy of climate emotions. Frontiers in Climate, 3. https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2021.738154CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Prager, D. (2019). If you can’t sell your hysteria to adults, try kids. National Review, 24, 9. www.nationalreview.com/2019/09/american-left-climate-change-hysteria-kids/Google Scholar
Randall, R. (2019). Climate anxiety or climate distress? Coping with the pain of the climate emergency. Online Discussion Forum/Blogs. https://rorandall.org/2019/10/19/climate-anxiety-or-climate-distress-coping-with-the-pain-of-the-climate-emergency/Google Scholar
Rieken, B., Popp, R., & Raile, P. (2021). Eco-anxiety – Zukunftsangst und Klimawandel: Interdisziplinäre Zugänge (1st ed.). Waxmann.Google Scholar
Rintala, H. (2022). Support for distress associated with climate change in Finland – “The mind of eco-anxiety.” Climate Adapt (EU). https://climate-adapt.eea.europa.eu/en/metadata/case-studies/support-for-distress-associated-with-climate-change-in-finland-2013-201cthe-mind-of-eco-anxiety201dGoogle Scholar
Sangervo, J., Jylhä, K. M., & Pihkala, P. (2022). Climate anxiety: Conceptual considerations, and connections with climate hope and action. Global Environmental Change, 76, 102569. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2022.102569CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Solomon, R. C. (2004). On grief and gratitude. In Solomon, R. C. (Ed.), In defense of sentimentality (pp. 75–107). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/019514550X.003.0004CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stewart, A. E. (2021). Psychometric properties of the Climate Change Worry Scale. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(2), 494. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020494CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thunberg, G., Thunberg, S., Ernman, M., & Ernman, B. (2020). Our house is on fire: Scenes of a family and a planet in crisis. Penguin Random House.Google Scholar
Uchendu, J. O. (2022). Eco-anxiety and its divergent power holds: A youth climate activist’s perspective. South African Journal of Psychology, 52(4), 545–547. https://doi.org/10.1177/00812463221130586CrossRefGoogle Scholar
van der Linden, S. (2017). Determinants and measurement of climate change risk perception, worry, and concern. In Nisbet, M. C., Ho, S. S., Markowitz, E., O’Neill, S., Schäfer, M. S., & Thaker, J. (Eds.), The Oxford encyclopedia of climate change communication. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Vergunst, F., & Berry, H. L. (2021). Climate change and children’s mental health: A developmental perspective. Clinical Psychological Science, 10(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/21677026211040787Google ScholarPubMed
Verlie, B. (2022). Learning to live with climate change: From anxiety to transformation. Routledge.Google Scholar
Verplanken, B., Marks, E., & Dobromir, A. I. (2020). On the nature of eco-anxiety: How constructive or unconstructive is habitual worry about global warming? Journal of Environmental Psychology, 72, 101528. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2020.101528CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wardell, S. (2020). Naming and framing ecological distress. Medicine Anthropology Theory, 7(2), 187–201. https://doi.org/10/17157/mat.7.2.769CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wullenkord, M., Tröger, J., Hamann, K., Loy, L., & Reese, G. (2021). Anxiety and climate change: A validation of the Climate Anxiety Scale in a German-speaking quota sample and an investigation of psychological correlates. Climatic Change, 168(20). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-021-03234-6CrossRefGoogle Scholar

References

Adam, E. K., Hittner, E. F., Thomas, S. E., Villaume, S. C., & Nwafor, E. E. (2020). Racial discrimination and ethnic racial identity in adolescence as modulators of HPA axis activity. Development and Psychopathology, 32(5), 1669–1684. https://doi.org/10.1017/S095457942000111XCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Agho, K., Stevens, G., Taylor, M., Barr, M., & Raphael, B. (2010). Population risk perceptions of global warming in Australia. Environmental Research, 110(8), 756–763. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2010.09.007CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association (2020). Opinion Poll, Annual Meeting.Google Scholar
American Psychological Association (2018). Stress in America: Generation Z. Stress in AmericaTM survey.Google Scholar
Arain, M., Haque, M., Johal, L., Mathur, P., Nel, W., Rais, A., Sandhu, R., & Sharma, S. (2013). Maturation of the adolescent brain. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 9, 449–461. https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S39776Google ScholarPubMed
Baum, G. L., Cui, Z., Roalf, D. R., Ciric, R., Betzel, R. F., Larsen, B., … Satterthwaite, T. D. (2020). Development of structure–function coupling in human brain networks during youth. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences – PNAS, 117(1), 771–778. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1912034117CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Berry, H., & Peel, D. (2015). Worrying about climate change: Is it responsible to promote public debate? BJPsych International, 12(2), 31–32. https://doi.org/10.1192/S2056474000000234CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2023). Youth risk behavior survey data. www.cdc.gov/yrbs, accessed April 30, 2023.Google Scholar
Clayton, S., Czellar, S., Nartova-Bochaver, S., Skibins, J. C., Salazar, G., Tseng, Y.-C., Irkhin, B., & Monge-Rodriguez, F. S. (2021). Cross-cultural validation of a revised environmental identity scale. Sustainability, 13(4), 2387. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13042387CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clayton, S., & Karazsia, B. (2020). Development and validation of a measure of climate change anxiety. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2020.101434CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cousins, L., & Goodyer, I. M. (2015). Antidepressants and the adolescent brain. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 29(5), 545–555. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881115573542CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dumont, C., Haase, E., Dolber, T., Lewis, J., & Coverdale, J. (2020). Climate change and risk of completed suicide. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 208(7), 559–565. https://doi.org/10.1097/NMD.0000000000001162CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Eley, T. C., McAdams, T. A., Rijsdijk, F. V., Lichtenstein, P., Narusyte, J., Reiss, D., … Neiderhiser, J. M. (2015). The intergenerational transmission of anxiety: A children-of-twins study. American Journal of Psychiatry, 172(7), 630–637. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2015.14070818CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Engel, G. (1977). The need for a new medical model: A challenge for biomedicine. Science, 196, 129–136.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Farmer, S. (2019). How Greta Thunberg’s autism helped make her the world’s most important person in 2020. https://thehill.com/changing-america/well-being/468091-opinion-activist-greta-thunbergs-autism-doesnt-hold-her-back/Google Scholar
Galván, A. (2021). Adolescent brain development and contextual influences: A decade in review. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 31(4), 843–869. https://doi.org/10.1111/jora.12687CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ginsburg, G. S., Siqueland, L., Masia-Warner, C., & Hedtke, K. A. (2004). Anxiety disorders in children: Family matters. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 11(1), 28–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1077-7229(04)80005-1CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goodman, J., Hurwitz, M., Park, J., & Smith, J. (2018). Heat and learning (NBER Working Paper No. 24639). Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research. Retrieved from https://ideas.repec.org/p/ecl/harjfk/rwp18-014.htmlGoogle Scholar
Grant, K. E., Compas, B. E., Thurm, A. E., McMahon, S. D., & Gipson, P. Y. (2004). Stressors and child and adolescent psychopathology: Measurement issues and prospective effects. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 33(2): 412–425.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Groth, N., Schnyder, N., Kaess, M., Markovic, A., Rietschel, L., Moser, S., … Schmidt, S. J. (2019). Coping as a mediator between locus of control, competence beliefs, and mental health: A systematic review and structural equation modelling meta-analysis. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 121, 103442. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2019.103442CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Helm, S. V., Pollitt, A., Barnett, M. A., Curran, M. A., & Craig, Z. R. (2018). Differentiating environmental concern in the context of psychological adaption to climate change. Global Environmental Change, 48, 158–167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2017.11.012CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Henker, B., Whalen, C. K., & O’Neil, R. (1995). Worldly and workaday worries: Contemporary concerns of children and young adolescents. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 23(6), 685–702. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01447472CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hickman, C., Marks, E., Pihkala, P., Clayton, S., Lewandowski, R. E., Mayall, E. E., … van Susteren, L. (2021). Climate anxiety in children and young people and their beliefs about government responses to climate change: A global survey. The Lancet Planetary Health, 5(12), e863–e873.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hogg, S. K., O’Brien, L. V., Wilson, M. S., & Watsford, C. R. (2021). The Hogg Eco-Anxiety Scale: Development and validation of a multidimensional scale. Global Environmental Change, 71, 102391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2021.102391CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kessler, R. C., Berglund, P., Demler, O., Jin, R., Merikangas, K. R., & Walters, E. E. (2005). Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey replication. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62(6), 593–602.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Knowles, K. A., & Olatunji, B. O. (2020). Specificity of trait anxiety in anxiety and depression: Meta-analysis of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Clinical Psychology Review, 82, 101928. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101928CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Koss, K. J., & Gunnar, M. R. (2018). Annual research review: Early adversity, the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenocortical axis, and child psychopathology. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 59(4), 327–346. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12784CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kurth, C., & Pihkala, P. (2022). Eco-anxiety: What it is and why it matters. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 981814. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.981814CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Landrigan, P. J., Kimmel, C. A., Correa, A., & Eskenazi, B. (2004). Children’s health and the environment: Public health issues and challenges for risk assessment. Environmental Health Perspectives, 112(2), 257–265. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.6115CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Leiserowitz, A., Maibach, E., Rosenthal, S., Kotcher, J., Ballew, M., Goldberg, M., & Gustafson, A. (2018). Climate change in the American mind: December 2018. Yale Program on Climate Change Communication and George Mason University Center for Climate Change Communication.Google Scholar
Lomas, T. (2018). The quiet virtues of sadness: A selective theoretical and interpretative appreciation of its potential contribution to wellbeing. New Ideas in Psychology, 49, 18–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.newideapsych.2018.01.002CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MacDonald, J. P., Willox, A. C., Ford, J. D., Shiwak, I., Wood, M., Government, R. I. C., & Team, I. (2015). Protective factors for mental health and well-being in a changing climate: Perspectives from Inuit youth in Nunatsiavut, Labrador. Social Science and Medicine, 141, 133–141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.07.017CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Manczak, E. M., Miller, J. G., & Gotlib, I. H. (2022). Census tract ambient ozone predicts trajectories of depressive symptoms in adolescents. Developmental Psychology, 58(3), 485–492. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0001310CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McCreary, D. R. (2007). The Drive for Muscularity Scale: Description, psychometrics, and research findings. In Thompson, J. K. & Cafri, G. (Eds.), The muscular ideal: Psychological, social, and medical perspectives (pp. 87–106). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/11581-004CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Merlin, C., Okerson, J. R., & Hess, P. (2013). How parenting style influences children: A review of controlling, guiding, and permitting parenting styles on children’s behavior, risk-taking, mental health, and academic achievement. William and Mary Educational Review, 2(1), 32–43.Google Scholar
Micco, J. A., Henin, A., Mick, E., Kim, S., Hopkins, C. A., Biederman, J., & Hirshfeld-Becker, D. R. (2009). Anxiety and depressive disorders in offspring at high risk for anxiety: A meta-analysis. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 23, 1158–1164.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Newbury, J. B., Arseneault, L., Beevers, S., Kitwiroon, N., Roberts, S., Pariante, C. M., Kelly, F., & Fisher, H. L. (2019). Association of air pollution exposure with psychotic experiences during adolescence. JAMA Psychiatry, 76(6), 614–623. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.0056CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nisbet, E. K. L., Zelenski, J. M., & Murphy, S. A. (2009). The Nature Relatedness Scale: Linking individuals’ connection with nature to environmental concern and behaviour. Environment and Behavior, 41, 715–740.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ojala, M. (2005). Adolescents’ worries about environmental risks: Subjective well-being, values, and existential dimensions. Journal of Youth Studies, 8(3), 331–347. https://doi.org/10.1080/13676260500261934CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ojala, M. (2012). How do children cope with global climate change? Coping strategies, engagement, and well-being. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 32(3), 225–233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2012.02.004CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Overholser, J. C., (2014). Chasing the latest fad: Confronting recent and historical innovations in mental illness. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 44(1), 53–61. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10879-013-9250-zCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pattwell, S. S., Duhoux, S., Hartley, C. A., Johnson, D. C., Jing, D., Elliott, M. D., … Lee, F. S. (2012). Altered fear learning across development in both mouse and human. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 109(40), 16318–16323.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Perera, F. P. (2017). Multiple threats to child health from fossil fuel combustion: Impacts of air pollution and climate change. Environmental Health Perspectives, 125, 141–148.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Platt, B., Kadosh, K. C., & Lau, J. Y. F. (2013). The role of peer rejection in adolescent depression. Depression and Anxiety, 30(9), 809–821. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22120CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ramadan, R. A., Lavoie, S., Gao, C. X., Manrique, P. C., Anderson, R., McDowell, C., & Zbukvic, I. (2023). Empirical evidence for climate concerns, negative emotions and climate-related mental ill-health in young people: A scoping review. Early Intervention in Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1111/eip.13374CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reser, J. P., Bradley, G. L., & Ellul, M. C., (2014). Public risk perceptions, understandings and responses to climate change. In Palutikof, J. P., Boulter, S. L., Barnett, J., & Rissik, D. (Eds.), Applied studies in climate adaptation (pp. 43–50), John Wiley & Sons.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sadock, B. J., & Sadock, V. A. (2005). Kaplan & Sadock’s comprehensive textbook of psychiatry (8th ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkinson (Vol I: 1726–27, 3262–3).Google Scholar
Saviola, F., Pappaianni, E., Monti, A., Grecucci, A., Jovicich, J., & De Pisapia, N. (2020). Trait and state anxiety are mapped differently in the human brain. Nature, Scientific Reports, 10(1), 11112. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-68008-zGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schultz, W. (2001). The structure of environmental concern: Concern for self, other people, and the biosphere. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 21(4), 327–339. https://doi.org/10.1006/jevp.2001.0227CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Searle, K., & Gow, K. (2010). Do concerns about climate change lead to distress? International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management, 2(4), 362–379. https://doi.org/10.1108/17568691011089891CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Selph, S. S., & McDonagh, M. S. (2019). Depression in children and adolescents: Evaluation and treatment. American Family Physician, 100(10), 609–617.Google ScholarPubMed
Shankar, P., Chung, R., & Frank, D. A. (2017). Association of food insecurity with children’s behavioral, emotional, and academic outcomes: A systematic review. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 38(2), 135–150.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sheth, C., McGlade, E., & Yurgelun-Todd, D. (2017). Chronic stress in adolescents and its neurobiological and psychopathological consequences: An RDoC perspective. Chronic Stress, 1, 247054701771564. https://doi.org/10.1177/2470547017715645CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stige, S. H., Barca, T., Lavik, K. O., & Moltu, C. (2021). Barriers and facilitators in adolescent psychotherapy initiated by adults-experiences that differentiate adolescents’ trajectories through mental health care. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 633663. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.633663CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sundblad, E. L., Biel, A., & Gärling, T. (2007). Cognitive and affective risk judgements related to climate change. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 27(2), 97–106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2007.01.003CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tashjian, S. M., & Galvan, A. (2018). The role of mesolimbic circuity in buffering election-related distress. Journal of Neuroscience, 38, 2887–2898. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2470-17.2018CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thompson, T., Lloyd, A., Joseph, A., & Weiss, M. (2017). The Weiss functional impairment rating scale-parent form for assessing ADHD: Evaluating diagnostic accuracy and determining optimal thresholds using ROC analysis. Quality of Life Research, 26(7), 1879–1885. doi: 10.1007/s11136-017-1514-8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tremblay, H. (2012). Eco-terrorists facing armageddon: The defence of necessity and legal normativity in the context of environmental crisis. McGill Law Journal, 58(2), 321–364. https://doi.org/10.7202/1017517arCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Treynor, W., Gonzalez, R., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2003). Rumination reconsidered: A psychometric analysis. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 27(3), 247–259. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023910315561CrossRefGoogle Scholar
UNICEF Office of Research – Innocenti (2017). The adolescent brain: A second window of opportunity. UNICEF Office of Research – Innocenti, Florence.Google Scholar
Verplanken, B., & Roy, D. (2013). “My worries are rational, climate change is not”: Habitual ecological worrying is an adaptive response. PloS One, 8(9), e74708. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0074708CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Volkow, N. D., Gordon, J. A., Koob, G. F., Birnbaum, L. S., Clayton, J. A., Koroshetz, W. J., … Croyle, R. T. (2020). An examination of child and adolescent neurodevelopment through national institutes of health studies. Public Health Reports, 135(2), 169–172. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033354919900889CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wardell, S. (2020). Naming and framing ecological distress. Medicine Anthropology Theory, 7(2), 187–201. https://doi.org/10.17157/mat.7.2.768CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weiss, M. D., McBride, N. M., Craig, S., & Jensen, P. (2018). Conceptual review of measuring functional impairment: Findings from the Weiss Functional Impairment Rating Scale, BMJ Mental Health 2018, 21, 155–164, scale available at www.caddra.ca/wp-content/uploads/WFIRS-S.pdfGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wolf, J., & Salo, R. (2008). Water, water, everywhere, nor any drop to drink: Climate change delusion. Australasian Psychiatry: Bulletin of the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists, 42(4), 350–350. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670701881603Google ScholarPubMed
World Energy Council (2013). World energy resources 2013 survey: Summary. World Energy Council.Google Scholar
World Population Review (2023). Suicide rate by country, 2023, https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/suicide-rate-by-country, accessed April 30, 2023Google Scholar
Zaleski, Z. (1996). Future anxiety: Concept, measurement, and preliminary research. Personality and Individual Differences, 21(2), 165–174.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

References

Abel, K. M., Wicks, S., Susser, E. S., Dalman, C., Pedersen, M. G., Mortensen, P. B., & Webb, R. T. (2010). Birth weight, schizophrenia, and adult mental disorder: Is risk confined to the smallest babies? Archives of General Psychiatry, 67(9), 923–930. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.100CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Achenbach, T. M. (1974). Developmental psychopathology. Ronald Press.Google Scholar
Akresh, R. (2016). Climate change, conflict, and children. The Future of Children, 26(1), 51–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alisic, E., Zalta, A. K., van Wesel, F., Larsen, S. E., Hafstad, G. S., Hassanpour, K., & Smid, G. E. (2014). Rates of post-traumatic stress disorder in trauma-exposed children and adolescents: Meta-analysis. British Journal of Psychiatry: The Journal of Mental Science, 204, 335–340. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.113.131227CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, P. J., de Miranda, D. M., Albuquerque, M. R., Indredavik, M. S., Evensen, K. A. I., Van Lieshout, R., … Doyle, L. W. (2021). Psychiatric disorders in individuals born very preterm / very low-birth weight: An individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis. EClinicalMedicine, 42, 101216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.101216CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baranne, M. L., & Falissard, B. (2018). Global burden of mental disorders among children aged 5–14 years. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 12(1), 19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13034-018-0225-4CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Barican, J. L., Yung, D., Schwartz, C., Zheng, Y., Georgiades, K., & Waddell, C. (2022). Prevalence of childhood mental disorders in high-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis to inform policymaking. Evidence-Based Mental Health, 25(1), 36–44. https://doi.org/10.1136/ebmental-2021-300277CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Beauchaine, T. P., Constantino, J. N., & Hayden, E. P. (2018). Psychiatry and developmental psychopathology: Unifying themes and future directions. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 87, 143–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2018.10.014CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Berrang-Ford, L., Siders, A. R., Lesnikowski, A., Fischer, A. P., Callaghan, M. W., Haddaway, N. R., … Abu, T. Z. (2021). A systematic global stocktake of evidence on human adaptation to climate change. Nature Climate Change, 11(11), 989–1000.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berry, H. (2022). Global warming is people knowingly harming other people. BMJ, 378, o2132. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.o2132Google Scholar
Berry, H., Waite, T., Dear, K., Capon, A., & Murray, V. (2018). The case for systems thinking about climate change and mental health. Nature Climate Change, 8(4), 282–290. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-018-0102-4CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Braveman, P., & Gottlieb, L. (2014). The social determinants of health: It’s time to consider the causes of the causes. Public Health Reports, 129(Suppl 2), 19–31.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Buse, K., Bhaumik, S., Miranda, J. J., Hunnisett, C., Batz, C. S., & Feeny, E. (2022). Individual responsibility: A red herring that lets the fossil fuel industry off the climate catastrophe hook. BMJ, 378, o1656. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.o1656Google ScholarPubMed
Butler, C., Bowles, D., McIver, L., & Page, L. (2014). Mental health, cognition and the challenge of climate change. CABI Publishing. https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/handle/1885/36206CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carnie, T.-L., Berry, H., Blinkhorn, S. A., & Hart, C. R. (2011). In their own words: Young people’s mental health in drought-affected rural and remote NSW. Australian Journal of Rural Health, 19(5), 244–248. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1584.2011.01224.xCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Caspi, A., Wright, B. R. E., Moffitt, T. E., & Silva, P. A. (1998). Early failure in the labor market: Childhood and adolescent predictors of unemployment in the transition to adulthood. American Sociological Review, 63, 424–451.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clemens, V., von Hirschhausen, E., & Fegert, J. M. (2020). Report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change: Implications for the mental health policy of children and adolescents in Europe – A scoping review. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-020-01615-3Google ScholarPubMed
Colón-González, F. J., Sewe, M. O., Tompkins, A. M., Sjödin, H., Casallas, A., Rocklöv, J., Caminade, C., & Lowe, R. (2021). Projecting the risk of mosquito-borne diseases in a warmer and more populated world: A multi-model, multi-scenario intercomparison modelling study. The Lancet Planetary Health, 5(7), e404–e414. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(21)00132-7CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cortina, M. A., Sodha, A., Fazel, M., & Ramchandani, P. G. (2012). Prevalence of child mental health problems in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 166(3), 276–281. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpediatrics.2011.592CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dick, A. S., Silva, K., Gonzalez, R., Sutherland, M. T., Laird, A. R., Thompson, W. K., … Comer, J. S. (2021). Neural vulnerability and hurricane-related media are associated with post-traumatic stress in youth. Nature Human Behaviour, 5, 1578–1589. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-021-01216-3CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ebi, K. L., Åström, C., Boyer, C. J., Harrington, L. J., Hess, J. J., Honda, Y., … Otto, F. E. L. (2020). Using detection and attribution to quantify how climate change is affecting health. Health Affairs, 39(12), 2168–2174. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2020.01004CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ebi, K. L., Vanos, J., Baldwin, J. W., Bell, J. E., Hondula, D. M., Errett, N. A., … Berry, P. (2021). Extreme weather and climate change: Population health and health system implications. Annual Review of Public Health, 42(1), 293–315. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-012420-105026CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Evans, G. W. (2019). Projected behavioral impacts of global climate change. Annual Review of Psychology, 70, 449–474. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-010418-103023CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Faravelli, C., Lo Sauro, C., Godini, L., Lelli, L., Benni, L., Pietrini, F., … Ricca, V. (2012). Childhood stressful events, HPA axis and anxiety disorders. World Journal of Psychiatry, 2(1), 13–25. https://doi.org/10.5498/wjp.v2.i1.13CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Firth, J., Siddiqi, N., Koyanagi, A., Siskind, D., Rosenbaum, S., Galletly, C., … Stubbs, B. (2019). The Lancet Psychiatry Commission: A blueprint for protecting physical health in people with mental illness. The Lancet Psychiatry, 6(8), 675–712. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(19)30132-4CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fusar-Poli, P., Correll, C. U., Arango, C., Berk, M., Patel, V., & Ioannidis, J. P. A. (2021). Preventive psychiatry: A blueprint for improving the mental health of young people. World Psychiatry, 20(2), 200–221. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20869CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Garcia, D. M., & Sheehan, M. C. (2016). Extreme weather-driven disasters and children’s health. International Journal of Health Services: Planning, Administration, Evaluation, 46(1), 79–105. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020731415625254CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gousse-Lessard, A.-S., Gachon, P., Lessard, L., Vermeulen, V., Boivin, M., Maltais, D., … Le Beller, J. (2022). Intersectoral approaches: The key to mitigating psychosocial and health consequences of disasters and systemic risks. Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal, ahead of print.Google Scholar
Hayes, K., Blashki, G., Wiseman, J., Burke, S., & Reifels, L. (2018). Climate change and mental health: Risks, impacts and priority actions. International Journal of Mental Health Systems, 12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13033-018-0210-6CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hayward, G., & Ayeb-Karlsson, S. (2021). “Seeing with empty eyes”: A systems approach to understand climate change and mental health in Bangladesh. Climatic Change, 165(1), 29. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-021-03053-9CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Henrich, J., Heine, S. J., & Norenzayan, A. (2010). Most people are not WEIRD. Nature, 466, 29. https://doi.org/10.1038/466029aCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Herrman, H. (2001). The need for mental health promotion. The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 35(6), 709–715. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1614.2001.00947.xCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hickman, C., Marks, E., Pihkala, P., Clayton, S., Lewandowski, R. E., Mayall, E. E., … Susteren, L. van. (2021). Climate anxiety in children and young people and their beliefs about government responses to climate change: A global survey. The Lancet Planetary Health, 5(12), e863–e873. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(21)00278-3CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hinshaw (2017). Developmental psychopathology as a scientific discipline. In Beauchaine, T. P. & Hinshaw, S. (Eds.), Child and adolescent psychopathology (3rd ed., pp. 3–32). Wiley. https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=3497bc43-22a5-e711-80cb-005056af4099Google Scholar
Huei-Jong, G., Biroli, P., & Belsky, D. (2021). Critical periods in child development and the transition to adulthood. JAMA Network Open. https://doi.org/doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.33359Google Scholar
Jaffee, S. R. (2019). Editorial: The rise and rise of developmental perspectives in child psychology and psychiatry. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 60(4), 329–332. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13055CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Laplante, D. P., Barr, R. G., Brunet, A., Galbaud du Fort, G., Meaney, M. L., Saucier, J.-F., Zelazo, P. R., & King, S. (2004). Stress during pregnancy affects general intellectual and language functioning in human toddlers. Pediatric Research, 56(3), 400–410. https://doi.org/10.1203/01.PDR.0000136281.34035.44CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mah, A. Y. J., Chapman, D. A., Markowitz, E. M., & Lickel, B. (2020). Coping with climate change: Three insights for research, intervention, and communication to promote adaptive coping to climate change. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 75, 102282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102282CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mangus, C. W., & Canares, T. L. (2019). Heat-related illness in children in an era of extreme temperatures. Pediatrics in Review, 40(3), 97–107. https://doi.org/10.1542/pir.2017-0322CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mani, A., Mullainathan, S., Shafir, E., & Zhao, J. (2013). Poverty impedes cognitive function. Science, 341(6149), 976–980. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1238041CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Martin, J., Taylor, M. J., & Lichtenstein, P. (2018). Assessing the evidence for shared genetic risks across psychiatric disorders and traits. Psychological Medicine, 48(11), 1759–1774. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291717003440CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Massazza, A., Teyton, A., Charlson, F., Benmarhnia, T., & Augustinavicius, J. L. (2022). Quantitative methods for climate change and mental health research: Current trends and future directions. The Lancet Planetary Health, 6(7), e613–e627. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(22)00120-6CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Masten, A. S., & Cicchetti, D. (2010). Developmental cascades. Development and Psychopathology, 22(3), 491–495. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579410000222CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McCrory, E., Foulkes, L., & Viding, E. (2022). Social thinning and stress generation after childhood maltreatment: A neurocognitive social transactional model of psychiatric vulnerability. The Lancet Psychiatry, 9(10), 828–837. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(22)00202-4CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McDermott, B., Cobham, V., Berry, H., & Kim, B. (2014). Correlates of persisting posttraumatic symptoms in children and adolescents 18 months after a cyclone disaster. The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 48(1), 80–86. https://doi.org/10.1177/0004867413500349CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McElroy, S., Ilango, S., Dimitrova, A., Gershunov, A., & Benmarhnia, T. (2022). Extreme heat, preterm birth, and stillbirth: A global analysis across 14 lower-middle income countries. Environment International, 158, 106902. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2021.106902CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McGorry, P. D., Mei, C., Chanen, A., Hodges, C., Alvarez-Jimenez, M., & Killackey, E. (2022). Designing and scaling up integrated youth mental health care. World Psychiatry, 21(1), 61–76. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20938CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Minor, K., Bjerre-Nielsen, A., Jonasdottir, S. S., Lehmann, S., & Obradovich, N. (2022). Rising temperatures erode human sleep globally. One Earth, 5(5), 534–549. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oneear.2022.04.008CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nissan, H., Diggle, P., & Fronterre, C. (2021). Combining climate and health data: Challenges and opportunities for longitudinal population studies. Wellcome. https://wellcome.org/reports/combining-climate-and-health-data-challenges-and-opportunities-longitudinal-populationGoogle Scholar
Noffsinger, M. A., Pfefferbaum, B., Pfefferbaum, R. L., Sherrieb, K., & Norris, F. H. (2012). The burden of disaster: Part I. Challenges and opportunities within a child’s social ecology. International Journal of Emergency Mental Health, 14(1), 3–13.Google ScholarPubMed
Norris, F. H., Friedman, M. J., Watson, P. J., Byrne, C. M., Diaz, E., & Kaniasty, K. (2002). 60,000 disaster victims speak: Part I. An empirical review of the empirical literature, 1981–2001. Psychiatry, 65(3), 207–239.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Obradovich, N., & Guenther, S. M. (2016). Collective responsibility amplifies mitigation behaviors. Climatic Change, 137(1), 307–319. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-016-1670-9CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ojala, M., Cunsolo, A., Ogunbode, C. A., & Middleton, J. (2021). Anxiety, worry, and grief in a time of environmental and climate crisis: A narrative review. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 46(1), 35–58. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-012220-022716CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olson, D. M., & Metz, G. A. S. (2020). Climate change is a major stressor causing poor pregnancy outcomes and child development. F1000Research, 9. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.27157.1CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Orri, M., Vergunst, F., Turecki, G., Galera, C., Latimer, E., Bouchard, S., … Côté, S. M. (2021). Long-term economic and social outcomes of youth suicide attempts. British Journal of Psychiatry, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2021.133Google ScholarPubMed
Patel, V., Saxena, S., Lund, C., Thornicroft, G., Baingana, F., Bolton, P., … UnÜtzer, J. (2018). The Lancet Commission on global mental health and sustainable development. The Lancet, 392(10157), 1553–1598. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31612-XCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Paus, T., Keshavan, M., & Giedd, J. N. (2008). Why do many psychiatric disorders emerge during adolescence? Nature Reviews. Neuroscience, 9(12), 947–957. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn2513CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Romanello, M., McGushin, A., Napoli, C. D., Drummond, P., Hughes, N., Jamart, L., … Hamilton, I. (2021). The 2021 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: Code red for a healthy future. The Lancet, 398(10311), 1619–1662. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01787-6CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rousell, D., & Cutter-Mackenzie-Knowles, A. (2020). A systematic review of climate change education: Giving children and young people a “voice” and a “hand” in redressing climate change. Children’s Geographies, 18(2), 191–208. https://doi.org/10.1080/14733285.2019.1614532CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rutter, M. (1988). Epidemiological approaches to developmental psychopathology. Archives of General Psychiatry, 45(5), 486–495. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1988.01800290106013CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Samuels, L., Nakstad, B., Roos, N., Bonell, A., Chersich, M., Havenith, G., … Kovats, S. (2022). Physiological mechanisms of the impact of heat during pregnancy and the clinical implications: Review of the evidence from an expert group meeting. International Journal of Biometeorology, 66(8), 1505–1513. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-022-02301-6CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sheffield, P. E., & Landrigan, P. J. (2011). Global climate change and children’s health: Threats and strategies for prevention. Environmental Health Perspectives, 119(3), 291–298. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1002233CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smith, K. E., & Pollak, S. D. (2020). Rethinking concepts and categories for understanding the neurodevelopmental effects of childhood adversity. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 16(1), 1745691620920725. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691620920725Google ScholarPubMed
Solmi, M., Radua, J., Olivola, M., Croce, E., Soardo, L., Salazar de Pablo, G., … Fusar-Poli, P. (2021). Age at onset of mental disorders worldwide: Large-scale meta-analysis of 192 epidemiological studies. Molecular Psychiatry, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-021-01161-7Google ScholarPubMed
Stanke, C., Murray, V., Amlôt, R., Nurse, J., & Williams, R. (2012). The effects of flooding on mental health: Outcomes and recommendations from a review of the literature. PLOS Currents Disasters. https://doi.org/10.1371/4f9f1fa9c3caeCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thiery, B. W., Lange, S., Rogelj, J., Schleussner, C.-F., Gudmundsson, L., Seneviratne, S. I., … Wada, Y. (2021). Intergenerational inequities in exposure to climate extremes. Science, 374(6564), eabi7339. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abi7339CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
UN (2022). World Population Prospects 2022. Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division, United Nations. https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Standard/Population/Google Scholar
UNICEF (2021). The climate crisis is a child rights crisis: Introducing the Children’s Climate Risk Index. www.unicef.org/reports/climate-crisis-child-rights-crisisGoogle Scholar
Vergunst, F., & Berry, H. L. (2021). Climate change and children’s mental health: A developmental perspective. Clinical Psychological Science, 10(4), https://doi.org/10.1177/21677026211040787Google ScholarPubMed
Vergunst, F., Berry, H. L., Minor, K., & Chadi, N. (2022). Climate change and substance-use behaviors: A risk-pathways framework. Perspectives on Psychological Science: A Journal of the Association for Psychological Science, 18(4), 17456916221132740. https://doi.org/10.1177/17456916221132739Google ScholarPubMed
Vins, H., Bell, J., Saha, S., & Hess, J. J. (2015). The mental health outcomes of drought: A systematic review and causal process diagram. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 12(10), 13251–13275. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph121013251CrossRefGoogle Scholar
WHO (2021). Mental health atlas 2020. World Health Organization. www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240036703Google Scholar
WHO (2022). Mental health and climate change: Policy brief. World Health Organization. www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240045125Google Scholar
Woodard, K., & Pollak, S. D. (2020). Is there evidence for sensitive periods in emotional development? Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, 36, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cobeha.2020.05.004CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zhang, S., Braithwaite, I., Bhavsar, V., & Das-Munshi, J. (2021). Unequal effects of climate change and pre-existing inequalities on the mental health of global populations. BJPsych Bulletin, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjb.2021.26Google ScholarPubMed

References

Adebäck, P., Schulman, A., & Nilsson, D. (2018). Children exposed to a natural disaster: Psychological consequences eight years after 2004 tsunami. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 72(1), 75–81. https://doi.org/10.1080/08039488.2017.1382569.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Afifi, W. A., Felix, E. D., & Afifi, T. D. (2012). The impact of uncertainty and communal coping on mental health following natural disasters. Anxiety Stress and Coping, 25(3), 329–347. https://doi.org/10.1080/10615806.2011.603048.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Agyapong, V. I. O., Hrabok, M., Juhás, M., Omeje, J., Denga, E., Nwaka, B., … Li, X. (2018). Prevalence rates and predictors of Generalized Anxiety Disorder symptoms in residents of Fort McMurray six months after a wildfire. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00345CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Albrecht, G. (2011). Chronic environmental change: Emerging “psychoterratic” syndromes. In International and cultural psychology series (pp. 43–56). Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9742-5_3Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association (2022). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed., text rev.). https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Amstadter, A. B., Koenen, K. C., Ruggiero, K. J., Acierno, R., Galea, M. D., Kilpatrick, D. G., & Gelernter, J. (2010). NPY moderates the relation between hurricane exposure and generalized anxiety disorder in an epidemiologic sample of hurricane-exposed adults. Depression and Anxiety, 27(3), 270–275. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.20648CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bassilios, B., Reifels, L., & Pirkis, J. (2012). Enhanced primary mental health services in response to disaster. Psychiatric Services, 63(9), 868–874. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.201100534.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Berry, H. L., Bowen, K., & Kjellstrom, T. (2010). Climate change and mental health: A causal pathways framework. International Journal of Public Health, 55(2), 123–132. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-009-0112-0CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Canino, G. J., Bravo, M., Rubio-Stipec, M., & Woodbury, M. (1990). The impact of disaster on mental health: Prospective and retrospective analyses. International Journal of Mental Health, 19(1), 51–69. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207411.1990.11449153CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (n.d.). Climate change and infectious diseases. www.cdc.gov/ncezid/what-we-do/climate-change-and-infectious-diseases/index.htmlGoogle Scholar
Clayton, S. (2020a). Climate anxiety: Psychological responses to climate change. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 74, 102263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102263CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Clayton, S. (2020b). The insidious impacts of climate change: Mood, mental health, and psychosocial well-being. One Earth, 2(6), 530–531. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oneear.2020.05.019CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Climate Change’s Toll on Mental Health (2017). www.apa.org, Press release, March 29. www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2017/03/climate-mental-healthGoogle Scholar
Conrad, C. D. (2011). The handbook of stress: Neuropsychological effects on the brain. John Wiley &Sons.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dulcan, M. K. (2021). Dulcan’s textbook of child and adolescent psychiatry (3rd ed.). AmericanPsychiatric Pub.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fitzgerald, K. D., Schroder, H. S., & Marsh, R. (2021). Cognitive control in pediatric obsessive-compulsive and anxiety disorders: Brain-behavioral targets for early intervention. Biological Psychiatry, 89(7), 697–706. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.11.012CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Freud, S. (1919). The “Uncanny.” In The complete psychological works (Vol. XVII, pp. 217–56). Hogarth Press, 1955.Google Scholar
Gerhard, D. M., Meyer, H. C., & Lee, F. S. (2021). An adolescent sensitive period for threat responding: Impacts of stress and sex. Biological Psychiatry, 89(7), 651–658. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.10.003CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gifford, R. (2011). The dragons of inaction: Psychological barriers that limit climate change mitigation and adaptation. American Psychologist, 66(4): 290–302. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0023566CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gruber, J. (2009). Introduction, in Gruber, J. (Ed.), Risky behavior among youths: An economic analysis (pp. 5–12). University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Hammack, S. E., Todd, T. P., Kocho-Schellenberg, M., & Bouton, M. E. (2015). Role of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in the acquisition of contextual fear at long or short context-shock intervals. Behavioral Neuroscience, 129(5), 673–678. doi: 10.1037/bne0000088CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hrabok, M., Delorme, A., & Agyapong, V. I. (2020). Threats to mental health and well-being associated with climate change. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 76, 102295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102295CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jones, C. A., & Davison, A. (2021). Disempowering emotions: The role of educational experiences in social responses to climate change. Geoforum, 118, 190–200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2020.11.006.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kapeller, M. L., & Jäger, G. (2020). Threat and anxiety in the climate debate: An agent-based model to investigate climate scepticism and pro-environmental behavior. Sustainability, 12(5), 1823. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12051823CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Karlsson, L. (2011). Vermont climate change health effects adaptation [White paper]. Vermont Department of Health. https://anr.vermont.gov/sites/anr/files/specialtopics/climate/documents/VTCCwhitepapers/VTCCAdaptHealthEffects%20.pdfGoogle Scholar
Kenwood, M. M., & Kalin, N. H. (2021). Nonhuman primate models to explore mechanisms underlying early-life temperamental anxiety. Biological Psychiatry, 89(7), 659–671. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.08.028CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lazarov, A., & Bar-Haim, Y. (2021). Emerging domain-based treatments for pediatric anxiety disorders. Biological Psychiatry, 89(7), 716–725. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.08.030CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Maclean, J. C., Popovici, I., & French, M. T. (2016). Are natural disasters in early childhood associated with mental health and substance use disorders as an adult? Social Science & Medicine, 151, 78–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.01.006.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Madakasira, S. & O’Brien, K.F. (1987). Post-traumatic stress disorder following disasters: A systematic review. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 175, 286–290. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005053-198705000-00008CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mobbs, D., Hagan, C. C., Dalgleish, T., Silston, B., & Pravost, C. (2015). The ecology of human fear: Survival optimization and the nervous system. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2015.00055CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Namkung, H., Kim, S., & Sawa, A. (2018). The insula: An underestimated brain area in clinical neuroscience, psychiatry, and neurology. Trends in Neurosciences, 41(8), 551–554. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2018.05.004CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Neria, Y., Nandi, A., & Galea, S. (2007). Post-traumatic stress disorder following disasters: A systematic review. Psychological Medicine, 38(4), 467–480. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291707001353CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nooner, K. B., Mennes, M., Brown, S., Castellanos, F. X., Leventhal, B., Milham, M. P., & Colcombe, S. J. (2013). Relationship of trauma symptoms to amygdala-based functional brain changes in adolescents. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 26(6), 784–787. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.21873CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Perino, M. T., Yu, Q., Myers, M. J., Harper, J. C., Baumel, W. T., Petersen, S. E., … Sylvester, C. M. (2021). Attention alterations in pediatric anxiety: Evidence from behavior and neuroimaging. Biological Psychiatry, 89(7), 726–734. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.07.016CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Peris, T. S., & Galván, A. (2021). Brain and behavior correlates of risk taking in pediatric anxiety disorders. Biological Psychiatry, 89(7), 707–715. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.11.003CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schneiderman, N., Ironson, G., & Siegel, S. D. (2005). Stress and health: Psychological, behavioral, and biological determinants. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 1(1), 607–628. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.1.102803.144141CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Spittlehouse, J. K., Joyce, P. R., Vierck, E., Schluter, P. J., & Pearson, J. F. (2014). Ongoing adverse mental health impact of the earthquake sequence in Christchurch, New Zealand. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 48(8), 756–763. https://doi.org/10.1177/0004867414527522.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stanley, S. K., Hogg, T. L., Leviston, Z., & Walker, I. S. (2021). From anger to action: Differential impacts of eco-anxiety, eco-depression, and eco-anger on climate action and wellbeing. Journal of Climate Change and Health, 1, 100003. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joclim.2021.100003CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stewart, A. E. (2021). Psychometric properties of the climate change worry scale. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18, 494. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18020494CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sullivan, R. M., & Opendak, M. (2021). Neurobiology of infant fear and anxiety: Impacts of delayed amygdala development and attachment figure quality. Biological Psychiatry, 89(7), 641–650. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.08.020CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Venhoeven, L. A., Bolderdijk, J. W., & Steg, L. (2013). Explaining the paradox: How pro-environmental behaviour can both thwart and foster well-being. Sustainability, 5(4), 1372–1386. https://doi.org/10.3390/su5041372CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Verplanken, B., & Roy, D. (2013). “My worries are rational, climate change is not”: Habitual ecological worrying is an adaptive response. PLoS One, 8(9), e74708. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0074708.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wang, J., Obradovich, N., & Zheng, S. (2020). A 43-million-person investigation into weather and expressed sentiment in a changing climate. One Earth, 2(6), 568–577. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oneear.2020.05.016CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Watts, N., Amann, M., Arnell, N. W., Ayeb-Karlsson, S., Beagley, J., Belesova, K., … Costello, A. J. (2021). The 2020 report of The Lancet countdown on health and climate change: Responding to converging crises. The Lancet, 397(10269), 129–170. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(20)32290-xCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weintrobe, S. (2021). Psychological roots of the climate crisis: Neoliberal exceptionalism and the culture of uncare. Bloomsbury Academic.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wu, J. Z., Snell, G., & Samji, H. (2020). Climate anxiety in young people: A call to action. The Lancet Planetary Health, 4(10), E435–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(20)30223-0CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yook, K., Kim, K. H., Suh, S. Y., & Lee, K. (2010). Intolerance of uncertainty, worry, and rumination in major depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 24(6), 623–628. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.04.003CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

References

Albrecht, G. A. (2020). Negating solastalgia: An emotional revolution from the Anthropocene to the Symbiocene. American Imago, 77(1), 9–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Armstrong, C. L. (2010). No tragedies before grade four? Expert opinion on teaching climate change to children. (Doctoral dissertation, Royal Roads University).Google Scholar
Bach, S. (2018). Some thoughts on trust and betrayal. Psychoanalytic Dialogues, 28(5), 557–568.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ben-Asher, S., & Goren, N. (2006). Projective identification as a defense mechanism when facing the threat of an ecological hazard. Psychoanalysis, Culture & Society, 11, 17–35. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.pcs.2100057CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bendell, J. (2018). Deep adaptation: A map for navigating climate tragedy. IFLAS Occasional Paper. https://lifeworth.com/deepadaptation.pdfGoogle Scholar
Bion, W. R. (1962; reprinted 1984). Learning from experience. Karnac.Google Scholar
Bodnar, S. (2008). Wasted and bombed: Clinical enactments of a changing relationship to the earth. Psychoanalytic Dialogues, 18(4), 484–512.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dooley, L., Sheats, J., Hamilton, O., Chapman, D., & Karlin, B. (2021). Climate change and youth mental health: Psychological impacts, resilience resources, and future directions. See Change Institute.Google Scholar
Erikson, E. H. (1950). Childhood and society. W. W. Norton & Co.Google Scholar
Erikson, E. H. (1968). Identity: Youth and crisis (No. 7). W. W. Norton & Co.Google Scholar
Freud, S. (1888). Hysteria. In Strachey, J. (Ed.), The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud (vol. 1, pp. 37–59). Hogarth Press.Google Scholar
Fromm, E. (1941). Escape from freedom. Farrar and Rinehart.Google Scholar
Haseley, D. (2019). Climate change: Clinical considerations. International Journal of Applied Psychoanalytic Studies, 16(2), 109–115.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hickman, C. (2019). Children and climate change: Exploring children’s feelings about climate change using free association narrative interview methodology. In Hoggett, P. (Ed.), Climate psychology: On indifference to disaster. Studies in the psychosocial (pp. 41–59). Palgrave Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hickman, C., Marks, E., Pihkala, P., Clayton, S., Lewandowski, R. E., Mayall, E. E., … van Susteren, L. (2021). Climate anxiety in children and young people and their beliefs about government responses to climate change: A global survey. The Lancet Planetary Health, 5(12), e863–e873.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, C. A., & Davison, A. (2021). Disempowering emotions: The role of educational experiences in social responses to climate change. Geoforum, 118, 190–200.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keene, J. (2012). Unconscious obstacles to caring for the planet: Facing up to human nature. In Weintrobe, S. (Ed.), Engaging with climate change: Psychoanalytic and interdisciplinary perspectives (pp. 144–159). Routledge.Google Scholar
Klein, M. (1940). Mourning and its relation to manic-depressive states. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 21, 125–153.Google Scholar
Klein, M. (1946). Notes on some schizoid mechanisms. In The Writings of Melanie Klein (vol. III, pp. 1–24). Hogarth Press, 1975. Originally published in International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 27.Google Scholar
Lear, J. (2006). Radical hope: Ethics in the face of cultural devastation. Harvard University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, K., Gjersoe, N., O’Neill, S., & Barnett, J. (2020). Youth perceptions of climate change: A narrative synthesis. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change, 11(3), e641.Google Scholar
Lertzman, R. A. (2012). The myth of apathy: Psychoanalytic explorations of environmental subjectivity. In Weintrobe, S. (Ed.), Engaging with climate change: Psychoanalytic and interdisciplinary perspectives (pp. 117–133). Routledge.Google Scholar
Levy-Warren, M. (2000). The adolescent journey. Jason Aronson.Google Scholar
Lewis, J. L., Haase, E., & Trope, A. (2020). Climate dialectics in psychotherapy: Holding open the space between abyss and advance. Psychodynamic Psychiatry, 48(3), 271–294.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Newman, B. M., & Newman, P. R. (2001). Group identity and alienation: Giving the we its due. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 30(5), 515–538.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ojala, M. (2012a). Regulating worry, promoting hope: How do children, adolescents, and young adults cope with climate change? International Journal of Environmental and Science Education, 7(4), 537–561.Google Scholar
Ojala, M. (2012b). How do children cope with global climate change? Coping strategies, engagement, and well-being. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 32(3), 225–233.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Otto, S., Evans, C. W., Moon, M. J., & Kaiser, F. G. (2019). The development of children’s environmental attitude and behavior. Global Environmental Change.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pihkala, P. (2022). Toward a taxonomy of climate emotions. Frontiers in Climate, 199.Google Scholar
Rachman, S. (2010). Betrayal: A psychological analysis. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 4(4), 304–311.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Randall, R. (2009). Loss and climate change: The cost of parallel narratives. Ecopsychology, September, 118–129.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Saint-Amour, P. K. (2020). There is grief of a tree. American Imago, 77(1), 137–155.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Searles, H. F. (1972). Unconscious processes in relation to the environmental crisis. Psychoanalytic Review, 59(3), 361–74.Google Scholar
Sobel, D. (1996). Beyond ecophobia: Reclaiming the heart in nature education. Orion Society.Google Scholar
Sugarman, A. (2017). The transitional phenomena functions of smartphones for adolescents. Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 70, 135–150.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Syed, M. & Fish, J. (2018). Revisiting Erik Erikson’s legacy on culture, race, and ethnicity. Identity, 18(4), 274–283.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Szajnberg, N. M. (2022). Response to Abram’s “On Winnicott’s Concept of Trauma.” International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 103, 381–382.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tart, C. T. (1986). Waking up: Overcoming the obstacles to human potential. iUniverse.com.Google Scholar
Turner, J. (2021). Interview with Sally Weintrobe. Association of Child Psychotherapists, September 9. https://childpsychotherapy.org.uk/interview-sally-weintrobeGoogle Scholar
Weingarten, K. (2010). Reasonable hope: Construct, clinical applications, and supports. Family Process, 49(1), 5–25.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weintrobe, S. (2013). The difficult problem of anxiety in thinking about climate change. In Weintrobe, S. (Ed.), Engaging with climate change: Psychoanalytic and interdisciplinary perspectives (pp. 33–47). Routledge.Google Scholar
Winnicott, D. W. (1953). Transitional objects and transitional phenomena: A study of the first not-me possession. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 34, 89–97.Google ScholarPubMed

References

Anderson, C. (2001). Heat and violence. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 10(1), 33–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Auden, W. H. (1979). Musée des Beaux Arts. In Mendelson, E. (Ed.), Collected poems: W. H. Auden. Vintage Books, Random House.Google Scholar
Bowers, M. E., & Yehuda, R. (2016). Intergenerational transmission of stress in humans. Neuropsychopharmacology, 41(1), 232–244. doi:10.1038/npp.2015.247.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bradshaw, G. A., & Bekoff, M. (2001). Ecology and social responsibility: The re-embodiment of science. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 16, 460–465. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-5347(01)02204-2CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burton, A. O., & Montauban, A. (2021). Toward community control of child welfare funding: Repeal the child abuse prevention and treatment act and delink child protection from family well-being. Columbia Journal of Race and Law, 11(3). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3905041CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Capra, F. (1997). The web of life: A new scientific understanding of living systems. Anchor.Google Scholar
Cianconi, P., Betrò, S., & Janiri, L. (2020). The impact of climate change on mental health: A systematic descriptive review. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00074.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Clayton, S., Manning, C. M., Krygsman, K., & Speiser, M. (2017). Mental health and our changing climate: Impacts, implications, and guidance. American Psychological Association, and ecoAmerica.Google Scholar
Cook-Shonkoff, A. (2022). Inaction on climate is child abuse. San Francisco Chronicle, August 2.Google Scholar
Damasio, A. (1999). The feeling of what happens: Body and emotion in the making of Consciousness. Harcourt.Google Scholar
De Bellis, M. D., & Zisk, A. (2014). The biological effects of childhood trauma. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 23(2), 185–222.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Doherty, T. J., & Clayton, S. (2011). The psychological impacts of global climate change. American Psychologist, May–June, 66(4), 265–276. doi: 10.1037/a0023141CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
El Sherief, M., Saha, K., Gupta, P., Mishra, S., Seybolt, J., Xie, J., … De Choudhury, M. (2021). Impacts of school shooter drills on the psychological well-being of American K-12 school communities: A social media study. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 8, 315. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-021-00993-6Google Scholar
Frewen, P. A., & Lanius, R. A. (2006). Neurobiology of dissociation: Unity and disunity in mind-body-brain. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 29(1), 113–128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psc.2005.10.016CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Freyd, J. J. (1997). Violations of power, adaptive blindness and betrayal trauma theory. Feminism & Psychology, 7(1), 22–32. https://doi.org/10.1177/0959353597071004CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Freyd, J. J. (2003). What is DARVO? http://dynamic.uoregon.edu/~jjf/defineDARVO.html.Google Scholar
Gendlin, E. T. (1982). Focusing. Bantam.Google Scholar
Hickman, C., Marks, E., Pihkala, P., Clayton, S., Leandowski, R. E., Mayal, E. E., … van Susteren, L. (2021). Climate anxiety in children and young people and their beliefs about government responses to climate change: A global survey. The Lancet Planetary Health, 5(12). https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(21)00278-3CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, A. E., & Wilkinson, K. K. (2020). All we can save: Truth, courage, and solutions for the climate crisis. One World.Google Scholar
Jones, C. M., Merrick, M. T., & Houry, D. E. (2020). Identifying and preventing adverse childhood experiences. JAMA, 232(1), 25–26. doi: 10.1001/jama.2019.18499CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kemp, C. H., Silverman, F. M., Steele, B. F., Droegemueller, W., & Silver, H. K.(1984). The Battered Child Syndrome. JAMA, 251(24), 3288–3294. doi:10.1001/jama.1984.03340480070033CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krakauer, D. (2019). Worlds in plain sight. SFI Press. https://santafe.edu/what-is-complex-systems-scienceGoogle Scholar
Laub, D., & Auerhahn, N. (1993). Knowing and not knowing massive psychic trauma: Forms of traumatic memory. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 74, 287–302.Google Scholar
Lebois, L. A. M., Li, M., Baker, J. T., Wolff, J. D., Wang, D., Lambros, A. M., … Kaufman, M. L. (2021). Large-scale functional brain network architecture changes associated with trauma-related dissociation. American Journal of Psychiatry, 178(2), 165–173. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2020.19060647.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Levine, P. (1997). Waking the tiger. North Atlantic Books.Google Scholar
Lifton, R. J. (1993). The protean self: Human resilience in an age of fragmentation. Basic Books.Google Scholar
Machado, A. (2003). There is no road (trans. D. Malone & M. Berg). White Pine Press (original work published 1912).Google Scholar
Markel, H. (2009). Case shined first light on abuse of children. New York Times, December 13.Google Scholar
Marshall, G. (2014). Don’t even think about it: Why our brains are wired to ignore climate change. Bloomsbury.Google Scholar
Mason, M. A. (1996). From father’s property to children’s rights: The history of child custody in the United States. Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
McKay, A. [Director]. (2021). Don’t Look Up [Film]. Hyperobject Industries and Bluegrass Films.Google Scholar
Menakem, R. (2017). My grandmother’s hands. Central Recovery Press.Google Scholar
Meyers, J. (2008). A short history of child protection in America. Family Law Quarterly, 42(3), 449–463.Google Scholar
National Scientific Council on the Developing Child (2005/2014). Excessive stress disrupts the architecture of the brain developing brain. Working paper 3. Updated edition. www.developingchild.harvard.eduGoogle Scholar
New England Complex Systems Institute. https://necsi.eduGoogle Scholar
Ogden, P., Minton, K., & Pain, C. (2006). Trauma and the body. Norton Professional Books.Google Scholar
Perry, B. D. (2001). The neurodevelopmental impact of violence in childhood. In Schetky, D. & Benedek, E. P. (Eds.), Textbook of child and adolescent forensic psychiatry (pp. 221–238). American Psychiatric Press.Google Scholar
Perry, B. D. & Pollard, R. (1998). Homeostasis, stress, trauma and adaptation: A neurodevelopmental view of childhood trauma. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 7(1), 33–51.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Porges, S. W. (2011). The polyvagal theory: Neurophysiological foundations of emotions, attachment, communication, and self-regulation. Norton.Google Scholar
Putnam, F. (1997). Dissociation in children and adolescents: A developmental approach. Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Reem, A. (2022). Report of the Special Rapporteur on violence against women and girls, its causes and consequences; Violence against women and girls in the context of the climate crisis, including environmental degradation and related disaster risk mitigation and response, Seventy-seventh General Assembly of the United Nations.Google Scholar
Roberts, D. (2022). Torn apart. Basic Books.Google Scholar
Sapiains, R., Beeton, R. J. S., & Walker, I. A. (2015). The dissociative experience: Mediating the tension between people’s awareness of environmental problems and their inadequate behavioral responses. Ecopsychology, 7(1), 38–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schonfeld, D. J., Melzer-Lange, M., Hashikawa, A. N., & Gorski, P. A. (2020). Participation of children and adolescents in live crisis drills and exercises. Pediatrics, 146(3), e2020015503.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schore, A. (2013). Relational trauma, brain development, and dissociation. In Ford, J. & Courtois, C. (Eds.), Treating complex traumatic stress disorders in adolescents and children. Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Sharma, A. (2022). Dear politicians young climate activists are not abuse victims we are children who read news. The Guardian, April 27.Google Scholar
Snyder, G. (1995). Earth day and the war against the imagination. In Snyder, G. A., Place in space (pp. 56–64). Counterpoint.Google Scholar
Solnit, R. (2018). Climate change is violence. In Solnit, R., Call them by their true names: American crises (and essays) (pp. 83–87). Haymarket Books.Google Scholar
Stanberry, L. R., Thomson, M. C., & James, W., (2018). Prioritizing the needs of children in a changing climate. PLoS Med, 15(7): e1002627.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Teicher, M. H., & Samson, J. A. (2016). Annual research review: Enduring neurobiological effects of childhood abuse and neglect. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 57(3), 241–266.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thomas, M. P., (1972). Child abuse and neglect part I – Historical overview, legal matrix, and social perspectives. North Carolina Law Review, 50, 293.Google Scholar
UNICEF (2021). The climate crisis is a child rights crisis: Introducing the children’s climate risk index. United Nations Children’s Fund.Google Scholar
Van der Kolk, B. (2014). The body keeps the score. Viking Press.Google Scholar
Varela, F. J., Thompson, E., & Rosch, E. (1993). The embodied mind: Cognitive science and human experience. MIT Press.Google Scholar
Walker, B. (2020). Resilience: What it is and is not. Ecology and Society, 25(2), 11. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-11647-250211CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weintrobe, S. (2021). Psychological roots of climate consciousness: Neoliberal exceptionalism and the culture of uncare. Bloomsbury Academic.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whyte, K. P. Brewer, J. P., & Johnson, J. T. (2015). Weaving Indigenous science, protocols and sustainability science. Sustainability Science, published online. http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11625-015-0296-6Google Scholar
Worthy, K. (2008). Modern institutions, phenomenal dissociations, and destructiveness toward humans and the environment. Organization & Environment, 21(2), 148–170.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wray, B. (2022). Generation dread: Finding purpose in an age of climate crisis. Alfred A. Knopf.Google Scholar
Yehuda, R., Daskalakis, N. P., Lehrner, A., Desarnaud, F., Bader, H. N., Makotkine, I., … Meaney, M. J. (2014). Influences of maternal and paternal PTSD on epigenetic regulation of the glucocorticoid receptor gene in Holocaust survivor offspring. American Journal of Psychiatry, 171, 872–880.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

References

American Psychiatric Association (2013). Cultural formulation interview (CFI). In Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). APA.Google Scholar
Bandura, A., & Cherry, L. (2019). Enlisting the power of youth for climate change. American Psychologist, 75(7), 945–951. https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000512CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Berman, S. L., Weems, C. F., & Stickle, T. R. (2006). Existential anxiety in adolescents: Prevalence, structure, association with psychological symptoms and identity development. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 35(3), 285–292. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-006-9032-yCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blakemore, S. J., & Choudhury, S. (2006). Development of the adolescent brain: Implications for executive function and social cognition. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47(3–4), 296–312. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01611.x.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Burnham, J. (1992). Approach–method–technique: Making distinctions and creating connections. Human Systems, 3(1), 3–27.Google Scholar
Burnham, J. (1993). Systemic supervision: The evolution of reflexivity in the context of the supervisory relationship. Human Systems, 4(3), 349–381.Google Scholar
Burnham, J. (2012). Developments in Social GRRRAAACCEEESSS: Visible-invisible and voiced-unvoiced. In Krause, I. B. (Ed.), Culture and reflexivity in systemic psychotherapy: Mutual perspectives (pp. 139–160). Karnac Books.Google Scholar
Castaños-Cervantes, S. (2019). Brief CBT group therapy for Mexican homeless girls. The Cognitive Behaviour Therapist, 12. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1754470X18000272CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cisler, J. M., & Koster, E. H. (2010). Mechanisms of attentional biases towards threat in anxiety disorders: An integrative review. Clinical Psychology Review, 30(2), 203–216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2009.11.003CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Coffey, Y., Bhullar, N., Durkin, J., Islam, M. S., & Usher, K. (2021). Understanding eco-anxiety: A systematic scoping review of current literature and identified knowledge gaps. Journal of Climate Change and Health, 3, 100047. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joclim.2021.100047CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Compas, B. E., Jaser, S. S., Bettis, A. H., Watson, K. H., Gruhn, M. A., Dunbar, J. P., Williams, E., & Thigpen, J. C. (2017). Coping, emotion regulation, and psychopathology in childhood and adolescence: A meta-analysis and narrative review. Psychological Bulletin, 143(9), 939–991. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000110CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Crandon, T. J., Scott, J. G., Charlson, F. J., & Thomas, H. J. (2022). A social–ecological perspective on climate anxiety in children and adolescents. Nature Climate Change, 12(2), 123–131. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-021-01251-yCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Daniels, J., & Loades, M. E. (2017). A novel approach to treating CFS and co‐morbid health anxiety: A case study. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 24(3), 727–736. doi:10.1002/cpp.2042.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dobson, K. S., & Dozois, D. J. (2021). Handbook of cognitive-behavioral therapies. Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Doherty, T. J., Lykins, A. D., Piotrowski, N. A., Rogers, Z., Sebree Jr., D. D., & White, K. E. (2022). Clinical psychology responses to the climate crisis. In Asmundson, G. J. G. (Ed.), Comprehensive clinical psychology (2nd ed., vol. 11, pp. 167–183). Elsevier. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818697-8.00236-3.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dozois, D. J. A., & Beck, A. T. (2008). Cognitive schemas, beliefs and assumptions. In Dobson, K. S. & Dozois, D. J. A. (Eds.), Risk factors in depression (pp. 121–143). Elsevier Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-045078-0.00006-XGoogle Scholar
Dummett, N. (2010). Cognitive–behavioural therapy with children, young people and families: From individual to systemic therapy. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment, 16(1), 23–36. doi:10.1192/APT.BP.107.004259CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ehrenreich-May, J. (2018). Unified protocol for transdiagnostic treatment of emotional disorders in adolescents: Workbook. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Ellis, A. (1991). The revised ABC’s of rational-emotive therapy (RET). Journal of Rational-emotive and Cognitive-behavior Therapy, 9(3), 139–172.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fenley, A. R., Sanchez, A., Pincus, D. B., Hudson, K., Farley, A., & Merson, R. (2022). What to do when worries ring true: How CBT clinicians can address realistic worries among youth with anxiety during our challenging times [Clinical round table]. Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies Convention, New York, November 17–20. www.abct.org/2022-convention/Google Scholar
Folkman, S. (2008). The case for positive emotions in the stress process. Anxiety, Stress, and Coping, 21(1), 3–14. doi.org/10.1080/10615800701740457CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ford, B. Q., Lam, P., John, O. P., & Mauss, I. B. (2018). The psychological health benefits of accepting negative emotions and thoughts: Laboratory, diary, and longitudinal evidence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 115(6), 1075. doi:10.1037/pspp0000157CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Haig-Ferguson, A., Cooper, K., Cartwright, E., Loades, M. E., & Daniels, J. (2021). Practitioner review: Health anxiety in children and young people in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 49(2), 129–143. doi:10.1017/S1352465820000636CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hays, P. A. (2016). Addressing cultural complexities in practice: Assessment, diagnosis, and therapy (3rd ed.). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/14801-000CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hickman, C. (2020). We need to (find a way to) talk about … eco-anxiety. Journal of Social Work Practice, 34(4), 411–424. https://doi.org/10.1080/02650533.2020.1844166CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hickman, C., Marks, E., Pihkala, P., Clayton, S., Lewandowski, R. E., Mayall, E. E., … van Susteren, L. (2021). Climate anxiety in children and young people and their beliefs about government responses to climate change: A global survey. The Lancet Planetary Health, 5(12), e863–e873. doi:10.1016/S2542-5196(21)00278-3CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hogg, T. L., Stanley, S. K., O’Brien, L. V., Wilson, M. S., & Watsford, C. R. (2021). The Hogg Eco-Anxiety Scale: Development and validation of a multidimensional scale. Global Environmental Change, 71, 102391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2021.102391CrossRefGoogle Scholar
King, D., & Said, G. (2019). Working with unaccompanied asylum-seeking young people: Cultural considerations and acceptability of a cognitive behavioural group approach. The Cognitive Behaviour Therapist, 12, E11. doi:10.1017/S1754470X18000260CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kuyken, W., Padesky, C. A., & Dudley, R. (2009). Collaborative case conceptualization. Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Lenton, T. M., Benson, S., Smith, T., Ewer, T., Lanel, V., Petykowski, E., … Sharpe, S. (2022). Operationalising positive tipping points towards global sustainability. Global Sustainability, 5, E1. doi:10.1017/sus.2021.30CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mansell, W., Harvey, A., Watkins, E. D., & Shafran, R. (2009). Conceptual foundations of the transdiagnostic approach to CBT. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 23(1), 6–19. https://doi.org/10.1891/0889-8391.23.1.6CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moorey, S. (1996). When bad things happen to rational people: Cognitive therapy in adverse life circumstances. Frontiers of Cognitive Therapy, 450–469.Google Scholar
Naeem, F. (2019). Cultural adaptations of CBT: A summary and discussion of the Special Issue on Cultural Adaptation of CBT. The Cognitive Behaviour Therapist, 12, E40. doi:10.1017/S1754470X19000278CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ojala, M. (2012). How do children cope with global climate change? Coping strategies, engagement, and well-being. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 32(3), 225–233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2012.02.004CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ojala, M. (2015). Hope in the face of climate change: Associations with environmental engagement and student perceptions of teachers’ emotion communication style and future orientation. Journal of Environmental Education, 46(3), 133–148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00958964.2015.1021662CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Persons, J. B. (2022). Case formulation. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 29(3), 537–540. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpra.2022.02.014CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pihkala, P. (2020). Eco-anxiety and environmental education. Sustainability, 12, 10149. doi:10.3390/su122310149CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pihkala, P. (2022). Eco-anxiety and pastoral care: Theoretical considerations and practical suggestions. Religions, 13(3), 192. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel13030192CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rathod, S., Phiri, P., & Naeem, F. (2019). An evidence-based framework to culturally adapt cognitive behaviour therapy. The Cognitive Behaviour Therapist, 12, E10. doi:10.1017/S1754470X18000247CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roper-Hall, A. (1998). Working systemically with older people and their families who have come to grief. In Sutcliffe, P., Tufnell, G., & Cornish, U. (Eds.), Working with the dying and bereaved: Systemic approaches to therapeutic work (pp. 177–206). Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sperry, L. (2022). Highly effective therapy: Developing essential clinical competencies in counseling and psychotherapy. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203869963CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stanley, S. K., Hogg, T. L., Leviston, Z., & Walker, I. (2021). From anger to action: Differential impacts of eco-anxiety, eco-depression, and eco-anger on climate action and wellbeing. Journal of Climate Change and Health, 1, 100003. doi:10.1016/J.JOCLIM.2021.100003CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Verplanken, B., Marks, E., & Dobromir, A. I. (2020). On the nature of eco-anxiety: How constructive or unconstructive is habitual worry about global warming? Journal of Environmental Psychology, 72, 101528. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2020.101528CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Verplanken, B., & Roy, D. (2013). “My worries are rational, climate change is not”: Habitual ecological worrying is an adaptive response. PLoS ONE, 8(9). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0074708CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Watkins, E. R. (2008). Constructive and unconstructive repetitive thought. Psychological Bulletin, 134(2), 163. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.134.2.163CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zevallos Labarthe, I. & Marks, E. (2024) “The complete opposite of what you morally believe”: (In)action on climate change by State authorities and powerful bodies drives moral injury and eco-distress in UK young people. The Cognitive Behavioural Therapist (in press)Google Scholar

References

Adams, H., Blackburn, S., & Mantovani, N. (2021). Psychological resilience for climate change transformation: relational, differentiated and situated perspectives. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 50, 303–309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2021.06.011CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ágoston, C., Csaba, B., Nagy, B., Kőváry, Z., Dúll, A., Rácz, J., & Demetrovics, Z. (2022). Identifying types of eco-anxiety, eco-guilt, eco-grief, and eco-coping in a climate-sensitive population: A qualitative study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(4), 2461. www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/4/2461CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Akkaya-Kalayci, T., Vyssoki, B., Winkler, D., Willeit, M., Kapusta, N. D., Dorffner, G., & Özlü-Erkilic, Z. (2017). The effect of seasonal changes and climatic factors on suicide attempts of young people. BMC Psychiatry, 17(1), 365. doi:10.1186/s12888-017-1532-7CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Albrecht, G. (2011). Chronic environmental change: Emerging “psychoterratic” syndromes. In Weissbecker, I. (Ed.), Climate change and human well-being: Global challenges and opportunities (pp. 43–56). Springer New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Augusterfer, E. F., Mollica, R. F., & Lavelle, J. (2018). Leveraging technology in post-disaster settings: The role of digital health/telemental health. Current Psychiatry Reports, 20(10), 88. doi:10.1007/s11920-018-0953-4CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baker, C., Clayton, S., & Bragg, E. (2021). Educating for resilience: Parent and teacher perceptions of children’s emotional needs in response to climate change. Environmental Education Research, 27(5), 687–705. doi:10.1080/13504622.2020.1828288CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bandura, A. (2016). Moral disengagement: How people do harm and live with themselves. Worth.Google Scholar
Baudon, P., & Jachens, L. (2021). A scoping review of interventions for the treatment of eco-anxiety. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(18). doi:10.3390/ijerph18189636CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Beach, R. H., Sulser, T. B., Crimmins, A., Cenacchi, N., Cole, J., Fukagawa, N. K., … & Ziska, L. H. (2019). Combining the effects of increased atmospheric carbon dioxide on protein, iron, and zinc availability and projected climate change on global diets: A modelling study. The Lancet Planetary Health, 3(7), e307–e317. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(19)30094-4CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Belkin, G. (2022). The race is on to nurture resilient people for a resilient planet. Psychiatric Times. www.psychiatrictimes.com/view/the-race-is-on-to-nurture-resilient-people-for-a-resilient-planetGoogle Scholar
Benoit, L. (2022). Understanding youths’ concerns about climate change: a cross-cultural qualitative study of a generation’s ecological burden and resilience. Paper presented at the 69th Annual Meeting of the American Acadamy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Toronto, Canada.Google Scholar
Berntsen, D., & Rubin, D. C. (2014). Pretraumatic stress reactions in soldiers deployed to Afghanistan. Clinical Psychological Science, 3(5), 663–674. doi:10.1177/2167702614551766CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boehnke, K., & Wong, B. (2011). Adolescent political activism and long-term happiness: A 21-year longitudinal study on the development of micro- and macrosocial worries. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 37(3), 435–447. doi:10.1177/0146167210397553CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bromham, L., Dinnage, R., & Hua, X. (2016). Interdisciplinary research has consistently lower funding success. Nature, 534(7609), 684–687. doi:10.1038/nature18315CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Burlingame, G. M., Fuhriman, A., & Mosier, J. (2003). The differential effectiveness of group psychotherapy: A meta-analytic perspective. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 7(1), 3.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carleton, T., Hsiang, S. M., & Burke, M. (2016). Conflict in a changing climate. The European Physical Journal Special Topics, 225(3), 489–511. doi:10.1140/epjst/e2015-50100-5CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, C. W., & Gorski, P. C. (2015). Burnout in social justice and human rights activists: Symptoms, causes and implications. Journal of Human Rights Practice, 7(3), 366–390. doi:10.1093/jhuman/huv011CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, M. H., Su, T. P., Chen, Y. S., Hsu, J. W., Huang, K. L., Chang, W. H., … & Bai, Y. M. (2013). Association between psychiatric disorders and iron deficiency anemia among children and adolescents: A nationwide population-based study. BMC Psychiatry, 13(1), 161. doi:10.1186/1471-244X-13-161CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Clayton, S. (2020). Climate anxiety: Psychological responses to climate change. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 74, 102263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102263CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Clayton, S., & Karazsia, B. T. (2020). Development and validation of a measure of climate change anxiety. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 69, 101434. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2020.101434CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Climate Psychology Alliance North America (2022). Climate-aware therapist directory. www.climatepsychology.us/climate-therapistsGoogle Scholar
Coffey, Y., Bhullar, N., Durkin, J., Islam, M. S., & Usher, K. (2021). Understanding eco-anxiety: A systematic scoping review of current literature and identified knowledge gaps. Journal of Climate Change and Health, 3, 100047. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joclim.2021.100047CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davis, E. P., & Sandman, C. A. (2012). Prenatal psychobiological predictors of anxiety risk in preadolescent children. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 37(8), 1224–1233. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2011.12.016CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
DeMocker, M. (2020). So your kids are stressed out about the climate crisis. www.sierraclub.org/sierra/so-your-kids-are-stressed-out-about-climate-crisisGoogle Scholar
Detsky, A. S., Gauthier, S. R., & Fuchs, V. R. (2012). Specialization in medicine: How much is appropriate? JAMA, 307(5), 463–464. doi:10.1001/jama.2012.44CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Doherty, T., Lykins, A., Piotrowski, N., Rogers, Z., Sebree, D., & White, K. (2022). Clinical psychology responses to the climate crisis. In Asmundson, G. J. G. (Ed.), Comprehensive clinical psychology. Elsevier.Google Scholar
Doppelt, B. (2017). Transformational resilience: How building human resilience to climate disruption can safeguard society and increase wellbeing: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Everly Jr, G. S., & Lating, J. M. (2022). The Johns Hopkins guide to psychological first aid. Johns Hopkins University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fondacaro, K., & Mazulla, E. (2018). The Chronic Traumatic Stress Framework: A conceptual model to guide empirical investigation and mental health treatment for refugees and survivors of torture. Torture Journal, 28(1). https://doi.org/10.7146/torture.v28i1.105477CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hahn, M. B., Van Wyck, R., Lessard, L., & Fried, R. (2022). Compounding effects of social vulnerability and recurring natural disasters on mental and physical health. Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness, 16(3), 1013–1021. doi:10.1017/dmp.2020.476CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hayes, K., Blashki, G., Wiseman, J., Burke, S., & Reifels, L. (2018). Climate change and mental health: Risks, impacts and priority actions. International Journal of Mental Health Systems, 12(1), 28. doi:10.1186/s13033-018-0210-6CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Helm, S. V., Pollitt, A., Barnett, M. A., Curran, M. A., & Craig, Z. R. (2018). Differentiating environmental concern in the context of psychological adaption to climate change. Global Environmental Change, 48, 158–167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2017.11.012CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hickman, C., Marks, E., Pihkala, P., Clayton, S., Lewandowski, R. E., Mayall, E. E., … & van Susteren, L. (2021). Climate anxiety in children and young people and their beliefs about government responses to climate change: A global survey. The Lancet Planetary Health, 5(12), e863-e873. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(21)00278-3CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hogg, T. L., Stanley, S. K., O’Brien, L. V., Wilson, M. S., & Watsford, C. R. (2021). The Hogg Eco-Anxiety Scale: Development and validation of a multidimensional scale. Global Environmental Change, 71, 102391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2021.102391CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hwong, A. R., Wang, M., Khan, H., Chagwedera, D. N., Grzenda, A., Doty, B., … & Compton, W. M. (2022). Climate change and mental health research methods, gaps, and priorities: A scoping review. The Lancet Planetary Health, 6(3), e281-e291. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(22)00012-2CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kaijser, A., & Kronsell, A. (2014). Climate change through the lens of intersectionality. Environmental Politics, 23(3), 417–433. doi:10.1080/09644016.2013.835203CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaplan, E. A. (2020). Is climate-related pre-traumatic stress syndrome a real condition? American Imago, 77(1), 81–104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kini, G., Karkal, R., & Bhargava, M. (2020). All’s not well with the “worried well”: Understanding health anxiety due to COVID-19. Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene, 61(3), e321–e323. doi:10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2020.61.3.1605Google Scholar
Kousky, C. (2016). Impacts of natural disasters on children. The Future of Children, 26(1), 73–92. www.jstor.org/stable/43755231CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leal, P. C., Goes, T. C., da Silva, L. C. F., & Teixeira-Silva, F. (2017). Trait vs. state anxiety in different threatening situations. Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, 39, 147–157.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lewis, J. L., Haase, E., & Trope, A. (2020). Climate dialectics in psychotherapy: Holding open the space between abyss and advance. Psychodynamic Psychiatry, 48(3), 271–294.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Machado-Moreira, C. A., McLennan, P. L., Lillioja, S., van Dijk, W., Caldwell, J. N., & Taylor, N. A. S. (2012). The cholinergic blockade of both thermally and non-thermally induced human eccrine sweating. Experimental Physiology, 97(8), 930–942. https://doi.org/10.1113/expphysiol.2012.065037CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Materia, C. J. (2016). Climate state anxiety and connectedness to nature in rural Tasmania. University of Tasmania, https://eprints.utas.edu.au/23089/Google Scholar
McMullen, H., & Dow, K. (2022). Ringing the existential alarm: Exploring BirthStrike for Climate. Medical Anthropology, 41(6–7), 659–673. doi:10.1080/01459740.2022.2083510CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Merikangas, K. R., He, J.-p., Burstein, M., Swanson, S. A., Avenevoli, S., Cui, L., … Swendsen, J. (2010). Lifetime prevalence of mental disorders in U.S. adolescents: Results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication–Adolescent Supplement (NCS-A). Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(10), 980–989. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2010.05.017CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Morton, T. (2013). Hyperobjects: Philosophy and ecology after the end of the world. University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
Nice, M. L., Forziat-Pytel, K., Benoit, C., & Sturm, D. C. (2022). School counselor and environmental educator partnerships: Reducing eco-anxiety from climate change, increasing self-efficacy, and enhancing youth advocacy. Professional School Counseling, 26(1), 2156759X221090525. doi:10.1177/2156759X221090525CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Noelke, C., McGovern, M., Corsi, D. J., Jimenez, M. P., Stern, A., Wing, I. S., & Berkman, L. (2016). Increasing ambient temperature reduces emotional well-being. Environmental Research, 151, 124–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2016.06.045CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Obradovich, N., Migliorini, R., Paulus, M. P., & Rahwan, I. (2018). Empirical evidence of mental health risks posed by climate change. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115(43), 10953–10958. doi:10.1073/pnas.1801528115CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ojala, M. (2012). How do children cope with global climate change? Coping strategies, engagement, and well-being. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 32(3), 225–233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2012.02.004CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ojala, M. (2015). Hope in the face of climate change: Associations with environmental engagement and student perceptions of teachers’ emotion communication style and future orientation. Journal of Environmental Education, 46(3), 133–148. doi:10.1080/00958964.2015.1021662CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ojala, M., & Bengtsson, H. (2019). Young people’s coping strategies concerning climate change: Relations to perceived communication with parents and friends and proenvironmental behavior. Environment and Behavior, 51(8), 907–935. doi:10.1177/0013916518763894CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Perera, F. (2017). Multiple threats to child health from fossil fuel combustion: Impacts of air pollution and climate change. Environmental Health Perspectives, 125(2), 141–148. doi:10.1289/EHP299CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pierson, A. M., Arunagiri, V., & Bond, D. M. (2022). “You didn’t cause racism, and you have to solve it anyways”: Antiracist adaptations to dialectical behavior therapy for white therapists. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 29(4), 796–815. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpra.2021.11.001CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pihkala, P. (2020). Anxiety and the ecological crisis: An analysis of eco-anxiety and climate anxiety. Sustainability, 12(19). doi:10.3390/su12197836CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Raison, C., Hale, M., Williams, L., Wager, T., & Lowry, C. (2015). Somatic influences on subjective well-being and affective disorders: The convergence of thermosensory and central serotonergic systems. Frontiers in Psychology, 5, 1580. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01580CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Randall, R. (2009). Loss and climate change: The cost of parallel narratives. Ecopsychology, 1(3), 118–129. doi:10.1089/eco.2009.0034CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roudini, J., Khankeh, H. R., & Witruk, E. (2017). Disaster mental health preparedness in the community: A systematic review study. Health Psychology Open, 4(1), 2055102917711307. doi:10.1177/2055102917711307CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schumacher, J. A., Coffey, S. F., Norris, F. H., Tracy, M., Clements, K., & Galea, S. (2010). Intimate partner violence and Hurricane Katrina: Predictors and associated mental health outcomes. Violence and Victims, 25(5), 588–603. doi:10.1891/0886-6708.25.5.588CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schwartz, S. E. O., Benoit, L., Clayton, S., Parnes, M. F., Swenson, L., & Lowe, S. R. (2022). Climate change anxiety and mental health: Environmental activism as buffer. Current Psychology. doi:10.1007/s12144-022-02735-6Google ScholarPubMed
South, E. C., Hohl, B. C., Kondo, M. C., MacDonald, J. M., & Branas, C. C. (2018). Effect of greening vacant land on mental health of community-dwelling adults: A cluster randomized trial. JAMA Network Open, 1(3), e180298. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.0298CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stanley, S. K., Hogg, T. L., Leviston, Z., & Walker, I. (2021). From anger to action: Differential impacts of eco-anxiety, eco-depression, and eco-anger on climate action and wellbeing. Journal of Climate Change and Health, 1, 100003. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joclim.2021.100003CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Swardfager, W., Herrmann, N., Mazereeuw, G., Goldberger, K., Harimoto, T., & Lanctôt, K. L. (2013). Zinc in depression: A meta-analysis. Biological Psychiatry, 74(12), 872–878. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.05.008CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thomas, I., Martin, A., Wicker, A., & Benoit, L. (2022). Understanding youths’ concerns about climate change: A cross-cultural qualitative study of a generation’s ecological burden and resilience. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2188446/v1CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thompson, R., Hornigold, R., Page, L., & Waite, T. (2018). Associations between high ambient temperatures and heat waves with mental health outcomes: A systematic review. Public Health, 161, 171–191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2018.06.008CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Utzerath, C., & Fernández, G. (2017). Shaping science for increasing interdependence and specialization. Trends in Neurosciences, 40(3), 121–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2016.12.005CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vergunst, F., & Berry, H. L. (2021). Climate change and children’s mental health: A developmental perspective. Clinical Psychological Science, 10(4), 767–785. doi:10.1177/21677026211040787CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weisz, J. R., & Kazdin, A. E. (2010). Evidence-based psychotherapies for children and adolescents. Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Winnicott, D. W. (1963). From dependence towards independence in the development of the individual. In The Maturational Processes and the Facilitating Environment (pp. 83–92). Hogarth Press.Google Scholar
Wortzel, J. D., Champlin, L. K., Wortzel, J. R., Lewis, J., Haase, E., & Mark, B. (2022). Reframing climate change: Using children’s literature as a residency training tool to address climate anxiety and model innovation. Academic Psychiatry, 46(5), 584–585. doi:10.1007/s40596-022-01651-yCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wortzel, J. R., Guerrero, A. P. S., Aggarwal, R., Coverdale, J., & Brenner, A. M. (2022). Climate change and the professional obligation to socialize physicians and trainees into an environmentally sustainable medical culture. Academic Psychiatry, 46(5), 556–561. doi:10.1007/s40596-022-01688-zCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wortzel, J. R., Haase, E., Mark, B., Stashevsky, A., & Lewis, J. (2022). Teaching to our time: A survey study of current opinions and didactics about climate mental health training in US psychiatry residency and fellowship programs. Academic Psychiatry. doi:10.1007/s40596-022-01680-7CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wortzel, J. R., Lee, J., Benoit, L., Rubano, A., & Pinsky, E. G. (2022). Perspectives on climate change and pediatric mental health: A qualitative analysis of interviews with researchers in the field. Academic Psychiatry, 46(5), 562–568. doi:10.1007/s40596-022-01707-zCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Xerxa, Y., Delaney, S. W., Rescorla, L. A., Hillegers, M. H. J., White, T., Verhulst, F. C., … & Tiemeier, H. (2021). Association of poor family functioning from pregnancy onward with preadolescent behavior and subcortical brain development. JAMA Psychiatry, 78(1), 29–37. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.286CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×