10 - Minimal Models

Summary

The final chapter treats minimal threefolds. We explain the abundance for threefolds due to Miyaoka and Kawamata depending on the numerical Kodaira dimension. The initial step is to prove the non-vanishing which means the existence of a global section of some pluricanonical divisor. If the irregularity is not zero, then the Albanese map provides enough geometric information. In the case of irregularity zero, Miyaoka applied the generic semi-positivity via positive characteristic. We derive abundance from non-vanishing after replacing the threefold by a special divisorially log terminal pair. Birational minimal models are connected by flops and have the same Betti and Hodge numbers. In dimension three, they have the same analytic singularities. One can expect the finiteness of minimal models ignoring the marking map. This is a part of Kawamata and Morrison's cone conjecture for Calabi-Yau fibrations. We explain Kawamata's work on the conjecture for threefold fibrations with non-trivial base. In dimension three, there exists a uniform number for l such that the l-th pluricanonical map is birational to the Iitaka fibration. We find this number explicitly in the case of general type.