Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dzt6s Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T05:09:10.095Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Chapter 15 - Mature Lymphoid Neoplasms

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 November 2020

Jon van der Walt ,
Attilio Orazi  and
Daniel A. Arber
By
Ayoma Attygalle  and
Sunil Iyengar
Jon van der Walt
Affiliation:
St Thomas’ Hospital, London
Attilio Orazi
Affiliation:
Texas Tech University
Daniel A. Arber
Affiliation:
University of Chicago
Get access

Summary

The classification of mature neoplasms has evolved over the years, with the current WHO classification based largely on the genetics and cellular origin of lymphoid neoplasms [1]. Clinical behaviour of lymphoid neoplasms, however, continues to play an important role in defining disease entities. Mature lymphoid neoplasms in the case of leukaemias primarily involve blood and bone marrow (BM), while in lymphomas, most entities, with an occasional exception (e.g. Waldenström macroglobulinaemia/lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma) show predominant involvement of extramedullary sites/site with secondary involvement of the bone marrow (BM). In patients with lymphomas, the BM may be biopsied as part of staging (e.g. follicular lymphoma) or when the primary site of involvement is not amenable to biopsy (e.g. primary splenic lymphomas such as splenic marginal zone lymphoma or hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma). Less commonly, a mature lymphoid neoplasm may be an unexpected or suspected diagnosis initially made on BM biopsy (BMB) performed during investigation of B-symptoms or unexplained cytopaenias.

Keywords

LymphomaleukaemiaT-cellB-cellmaturenodal. PeripheralHodgkin lymphomaclassification
Type
Chapter
Information
Diagnostic Bone Marrow Haematopathology , pp. 245 - 282
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2021

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Swerdlow, SH, Campo, E, Harris, NL, et al. (eds) WHO Classification of Tumours of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues, Revised 4th edn. Lyon: IARC; 2017.Google Scholar
Arber, DA, George, TI: Bone marrow biopsy involvement by non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma: frequency of lymphoma types, patterns, blood involvement, and discordance with other sites in 450 specimens. Am J Surg Pathol. 2005;29:1549–57.Google Scholar
Dogan, A, Morice, WG. Bone marrow histopathology in peripheral T-cell lymphomas. Br J Haematol. 2004;127:140–54.Google Scholar
Attygalle, AD, Diss, TC, Munson, P, et al. CD10 expression in extranodal dissemination of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma. Am J Surg Pathol. 2004;28:54–61.Google Scholar
Attygalle, M. Bone marrow involvement in primary mature B- and T-cell leukaemias. In Anagnostou, D, Matutes, E (eds): Bone Marrow Lymphoid Infiltrates, Diagnosis and Clinical Impact (1st edn), 2012. London: Springer-Verlag, 171–90.Google Scholar
Traverse-Glehen, A, Baseggio, L, Salles, G, et al. Splenic diffuse red pulp small-B cell lymphoma: toward the emergence of a new lymphoma entity. Discov Med. 2012;13:253–65.Google ScholarPubMed
Lin, F, Prichard, J. (Eds) Handbook of Practical Immunohistochemistry: Frequently Asked Questions, 2nd edn. Springer-Verlag: New York; 2015.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sovani, V, Harvey, C, Haynes, AP, et al. Bone marrow trephine biopsy involvement by lymphoma: review of histopathological features in 511 specimens and correlation with diagnostic biopsy, aspirate and peripheral blood findings. J Clin Pathol. 2014;67:389–95.Google Scholar
Ponzoni, M, Ferreri, AJ, Campo, E, et al. Definition, diagnosis, and management of intravascular large B-cell lymphoma: proposals and perspectives from an international consensus meeting. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25:3168–73.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Porwit, A, Fend, F, Kremer, M, et al. Issues in diagnosis of small B cell lymphoid neoplasms involving the bone marrow and peripheral blood. Report on the Bone Marrow Workshop of the XVIIth meeting of the European Association for Haematopathology and the Society for Hematopathology. Histopathology. 2016;69:349–73.Google Scholar
Hallek, M, Cheson, BD, Catovsky, D, et al. iwCLL guidelines for diagnosis, indications for treatment, response assessment, and supportive management of CLL. Blood. 2018;131:2745–60.Google Scholar
Anagnostou, D, Matutes, E. Bone marrow lymphoid infiltrates: diagnosis and clinical impact. J Hematopathol. 2013;6:167.Google Scholar
Menter, T, Trivedi, P, Ahmad, R, et al. Diagnostic utility of lymphoid enhancer binding factor 1 immunohistochemistry in small B-cell lymphomas. Am J Clin Pathol. 2017;147:292–300.Google Scholar
Teixeira Mendes, LS, Peters, N, Attygalle, AD, et al. Cyclin D1 overexpression in proliferation centres of small lymphocytic lymphoma/chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. J Clin Pathol. 2017;70:899–902.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Krysov, S, Dias, S, Paterson, A, et al. Surface IgM stimulation induces MEK1/2-dependent MYC expression in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. Blood. 2012;119:170–9.Google Scholar
Kluk, MJ, Ashworth, T, Wang, H, et al. Gauging NOTCH1 activation in cancer using immunohistochemistry. PLoS One. 2013;8:e67306.Google Scholar
Stilgenbauer, S, Schnaiter, A, Paschka, P, et al. Gene mutations and treatment outcome in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: results from the CLL8 trial. Blood. 2014;123:3247–54.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rossi, D, Khiabanian, H, Spina, V, et al. Clinical impact of small TP53 mutated subclones in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood. 2014;123:2139–47.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Puente, XS, Pinyol, M, Quesada, V, et al. Whole-genome sequencing identifies recurrent mutations in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Nature. 2011;475:101–5.Google Scholar
Matutes, E, Owusu-Ankomah, K, Morilla, R, et al. The immunological profile of B-cell disorders and proposal of a scoring system for the diagnosis of CLL. Leukemia. 1994;8:1640–5.Google Scholar
Huh, YO, Schweighofer, CD, Ketterling, RP, et al. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia with t(14;19)(q32;q13) is characterized by atypical morphologic and immunophenotypic features and distinctive genetic features. Am J Clin Pathol. 135: 2011;686–96.Google Scholar
Kjeldsberg, CR, Marty, J. Prolymphocytic transformation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Cancer. 48: 1981;2447–57.Google Scholar
Huh, YO, Lin, KI, Vega, F, et al. MYC translocation in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia is associated with increased prolymphocytes and a poor prognosis. Br J Haematol. 2008;142:36–44.Google Scholar
Ruchlemer, R, Parry-Jones, N, Brito-Babapulle, V, et al. B-prolymphocytic leukaemia with t(11;14) revisited: a splenomegalic form of mantle cell lymphoma evolving with leukaemia. Br J Haematol. 2004;125:330–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
van der Velden, VH, Hoogeveen, PG, de Ridder, D, et al. B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia: a specific subgroup of mantle cell lymphoma. Blood. 2014;124:412–19.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Franco, V, Florena, AM, Stella, M, et al. Splenectomy influences bone marrow infiltration in patients with splenic marginal zone cell lymphoma with or without villous lymphocytes. Cancer. 2001;91:294–301.3.0.CO;2-W>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Piris, MA, Onaindia, A, Mollejo, M. Splenic marginal zone lymphoma. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol. 2017;30:56–64.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ponzoni, M, Kanellis, G, Pouliou, E, et al: Bone marrow histopathology in the diagnostic evaluation of splenic marginal-zone and splenic diffuse red pulp small B-cell lymphoma: a reliable substitute for spleen histopathology? Am J Surg Pathol. 2012;36:1609–18.Google Scholar
Hammer, RD, Glick, AD, Greer, JP, et al. Splenic marginal zone lymphoma. A distinct B-cell neoplasm. Am J Surg Pathol. 1996;20:613–26.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baseggio, L, Traverse-Glehen, A, Petinataud, F, et al. CD5 expression identifies a subset of splenic marginal zone lymphomas with higher lymphocytosis: a clinico-pathological, cytogenetic and molecular study of 24 cases. Haematologica. 2010;95:604–12.Google Scholar
Ondrejka, SL, Lai, R, Smith, SD, et al. Indolent mantle cell leukemia: a clinicopathological variant characterized by isolated lymphocytosis, interstitial bone marrow involvement, kappa light chain restriction, and good prognosis. Haematologica. 2011;96:1121–7.Google Scholar
Parry, M, Rose-Zerilli, MJ, Ljungstrom, V, et al. Genetics and prognostication in splenic marginal zone lymphoma: revelations from deep sequencing. Clin Cancer Res. 2015;21:4174–83.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Campos-Martin, Y, Martinez, N, Martinez-Lopez, A, et al. Clinical and diagnostic relevance of NOTCH2-and KLF2-mutations in splenic marginal zone lymphoma. Haematologica. 2017;102:e310–12.Google Scholar
Varettoni, M, Arcaini, L, Zibellini, S, et al. Prevalence and clinical significance of the MYD88 (L265P) somatic mutation in Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia and related lymphoid neoplasms. Blood. 2013;121:2522–8.Google Scholar
Hanson, CA, Ward, PC, Schnitzer, B. A multilobular variant of hairy cell leukemia with morphologic similarities to T-cell lymphoma. Am J Surg Pathol. 1989;13:671–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Falini, B, Tiacci, E, Liso, A, et al. Simple diagnostic assay for hairy cell leukaemia by immunocytochemical detection of annexin A1 (ANXA1). Lancet. 2004;363:1869–70.Google Scholar
Sherman, MJ, Hanson, CA, Hoyer, JD. An assessment of the usefulness of immunohistochemical stains in the diagnosis of hairy cell leukemia. Am J Clin Pathol. 2011;136:390–9.Google Scholar
Johrens, K, Stein, H, Anagnostopoulos, I. T-bet transcription factor detection facilitates the diagnosis of minimal hairy cell leukemia infiltrates in bone marrow trephines. Am J Surg Pathol. 2007;31:1181–5.Google Scholar
Jasionowski, TM, Hartung, L, Greenwood, JH, et al. Analysis of CD10+ hairy cell leukemia. Am J Clin Pathol. 2003;120:228–35.Google Scholar
Shao, H, Calvo, KR, Gronborg, M, et al. Distinguishing hairy cell leukemia variant from hairy cell leukemia: development and validation of diagnostic criteria. Leuk Res. 2013;37:401–9.Google Scholar
Turakhia, S, Lanigan, C, Hamadeh, F, et al. Immunohistochemistry for BRAF V600E in the differential diagnosis of hairy cell leukemia vs other splenic B-cell lymphomas. Am J Clin Pathol. 2015;144:87–93.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pettirossi, V, Santi, A, Imperi, E, et al. BRAF inhibitors reverse the unique molecular signature and phenotype of hairy cell leukemia and exert potent antileukemic activity. Blood. 2015;125:1207–16.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tiacci, E, Trifonov, V, Schiavoni, G, et al. BRAF mutations in hairy-cell leukemia. N Eng J Med. 2011;364:2305–15.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Arcaini, L, Zibellini, S, Boveri, E, et al. The BRAF V600E mutation in hairy cell leukemia and other mature B-cell neoplasms. Blood. 2012;119:188–91.Google Scholar
Matutes, E, Morilla, R, Owusu-Ankomah, K, et al. The immunophenotype of hairy cell leukemia (HCL). Proposal for a scoring system to distinguish HCL from B-cell disorders with hairy or villous lymphocytes. Leuk Lymphoma. 1994;14 Suppl 1:57–61.Google Scholar
Lin, P, Molina, TJ, Cook, JR, et al. Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma and other non-marginal zone lymphomas with plasmacytic differentiation. Am J Clin Pathol. 2011;136:195–210.Google Scholar
Varghese, AM, Rawstron, AC, Ashcroft, AJ, et al. Assessment of bone marrow response in Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma. 2009;9:53–5.Google Scholar
Hussein, S, Gill, K, Baer, LN, et al. Practical diagnostic approaches to composite plasma cell neoplasm and low grade B-cell lymphoma/clonal infiltrates in the bone marrow. Hematol Oncol. 2015;33:31–41.Google Scholar
King, RL, Howard, MT, Hodnefield, JM, et al. IgM multiple myeloma: pathologic evaluation of a rare entity. Am J Clin Pathol. 2013;140:519–24.Google Scholar
Gachard, N, Parrens, M, Soubeyran, I, et al. IGHV gene features and MYD88 L265P mutation separate the three marginal zone lymphoma entities and Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia/lymphoplasmacytic lymphomas. Leukemia. 2013;27:183–9.Google Scholar
Xu, L, Hunter, ZR, Yang, G, et al. MYD88 L265P in Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia, immunoglobulin M monoclonal gammopathy, and other B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders using conventional and quantitative allele-specific polymerase chain reaction. Blood. 2013;121:2051–8.Google Scholar
Treon, SP, Xu, L, Yang, G, et al. MYD88 L265P somatic mutation in Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia. N Engl J Med. 2012;367:826–33.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hunter, ZR, Xu, L, Yang, G, et al. The genomic landscape of Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia is characterized by highly recurring MYD88 and WHIM-like CXCR4 mutations, and small somatic deletions associated with B-cell lymphomagenesis. Blood. 2014;123:1637–46.Google Scholar
Younes, SF, Beck, AH, Ohgami, RS, et al. The efficacy of HGAL and LMO2 in the separation of lymphomas derived from small B cells in nodal and extranodal sites, including the bone marrow. Am J Clin Pathol. 2011;135:697–708.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morin, RD, Mendez-Lago, M, Mungall, AJ, et al. Frequent mutation of histone-modifying genes in non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Nature. 2011;476:298–303.Google Scholar
Furtado, M, Shah, N, Levoguer, A, et al. Abnormal serum free light chain ratio predicts poor overall survival in mantle cell lymphoma. Br J Haematol. 2013;160:63–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Navarro, A, Clot, G, Royo, C, et al. Molecular subsets of mantle cell lymphoma defined by the IGHV mutational status and SOX11 expression have distinct biologic and clinical features. Cancer Res. 2012;72:5307–16.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nygren, L, Baumgartner Wennerholm, S, Klimkowska, M, et al. Prognostic role of SOX11 in a population-based cohort of mantle cell lymphoma. Blood. 2012;119:4215–23.Google Scholar
Mozos, A, Royo, C, Hartmann, E, et al. SOX11 expression is highly specific for mantle cell lymphoma and identifies the cyclin D1-negative subtype. Haematologica. 2009;94:1555–62.Google Scholar
Kelemen, K, Peterson, LC, Helenowski, I, et al. CD23+ mantle cell lymphoma: a clinical pathologic entity associated with superior outcome compared with CD23– disease. Am J Clin Pathol. 2008;130:166–77.Google Scholar
O'Malley, DP, Lee, JP, Bellizzi, AM. Expression of LEF1 in mantle cell lymphoma. Ann Diagn Pathol. 2017;26:57–9.Google Scholar
Eskelund, CW, Dahl, C, Hansen, JW, et al. TP53 mutations identify younger mantle cell lymphoma patients who do not benefit from intensive chemoimmunotherapy. Blood. 2017;130:1903–110.Google Scholar
Annette, E Hay, M, Klimm, Beate, Chen, Bingshu E, et al. Treatment of Stage I-II A Non-Bulky Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (HL): An individual patient-data comparison of German Hodgkin Study Group (GHSG) HD10 and HD11 combined-modality therapy (CMT) and NCIC Clinical Trials Group (NCIC CTG) HD.6 ABVD alone. Presented at the 54th ASH Annual Meeting and Exposition, Atlanta, 2012.Google Scholar
Fu, K, Weisenburger, DD, Greiner, TC, et al. Cyclin D1-negative mantle cell lymphoma: a clinicopathologic study based on gene expression profiling. Blood. 2005;106:431–521.Google Scholar
Salaverria, I, Royo, C, Carvajal-Cuenca, A, et al. CCND2 rearrangements are the most frequent genetic events in cyclin D1(–) mantle cell lymphoma. Blood. 2013;121:1394–402.Google Scholar
Skinnider, BF, Connors, JM, Gascoyne, RD. Bone marrow involvement in T-cell-rich B-cell lymphoma. Am J Clin Pathol. 1997;108:570–8.Google Scholar
Scott, DW, Mottok, A, Ennishi, D, et al. Prognostic significance of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cell of origin determined by digital gene expression in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue biopsies. J Clin Oncol. 2015;33:2848–56.Google Scholar
Coutinho, R, Clear, AJ, Owen, A, et al. Poor concordance among nine immunohistochemistry classifiers of cell-of-origin for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: implications for therapeutic strategies. Clin Cancer Res. 2013;19:6686–95.Google Scholar
Read, JA, Koff, JL, Nastoupil, LJ, et al. Evaluating cell-of-origin subtype methods for predicting diffuse large B-cell lymphoma survival: a meta-analysis of gene expression profiling and immunohistochemistry algorithms. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk. 2014;14:460–7.Google Scholar
Hans, CP, Weisenburger, DD, Greiner, TC, et al. Confirmation of the molecular classification of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma by immunohistochemistry using a tissue microarray. Blood. 2004;103:275–82.Google Scholar
Barrans, SL, Fenton, JA, Banham, A, et al. Strong expression of FOXP1 identifies a distinct subset of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients with poor outcome. Blood. 2004;104:2933–5.Google Scholar
Jain, P, Fayad, LE, Rosenwald, A, et al. Recent advances in de novo CD5+ diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Am J Hematol. 2013;88:798–802.Google Scholar
Hummel, M, Bentink, S, Berger, H, et al. A biologic definition of Burkitt’s lymphoma from transcriptional and genomic profiling. N Engl J Med. 2006;354:2419–30.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bouska, A, Bi, C, Lone, W, et al. Adult high-grade B-cell lymphoma with Burkitt lymphoma signature: genomic features and potential therapeutic targets. Blood. 2017;130:1819–31.Google Scholar
Satou, A, Asano, N, Kato, S, et al. Prognostic impact of MUM1/IRF4 expression in Burkitt lymphoma (BL): a reappraisal of 88 bl patients in Japan. Am J Surg Pathol. 2017;41:389–95.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Love, C, Sun, Z, Jima, D, et al. The genetic landscape of mutations in Burkitt lymphoma. Nat Genet. 2012;44:1321–5.Google Scholar
Richter, J, Schlesner, M, Hoffmann, S, et al. Recurrent mutation of the ID3 gene in Burkitt lymphoma identified by integrated genome, exome and transcriptome sequencing. Nat Genet. 2012;44:1316–20.Google Scholar
Ferreiro, JF, Morscio, J, Dierickx, D, et al. Post-transplant molecularly defined Burkitt lymphomas are frequently MYC-negative and characterized by the 11q-gain/loss pattern. Haematologica. 2015;100:e275–9.Google Scholar
Gentile, TC, Uner, AH, Hutchison, RE, et al. CD3+, CD56+ aggressive variant of large granular lymphocyte leukemia. Blood. 1994;84:2315–21.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Osuji, N, Matutes, E, Catovsky, D, et al. Histopathology of the spleen in T-cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia and T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia: a comparative review. Am J Surg Pathol. 2005;29:935–41.Google Scholar
Morice, WG, Kurtin, PJ, Tefferi, A, et al. Distinct bone marrow findings in T-cell granular lymphocytic leukemia revealed by paraffin section immunoperoxidase stains for CD8, TIA-1, and granzyme B. Blood. 2002;99:268–74.Google Scholar
Osuji, N, Beiske, K, Randen, U, et al. Characteristic appearances of the bone marrow in T-cell large granular lymphocyte leukaemia. Histopathology. 2007;50:547–54.Google Scholar
Garand, R, Goasguen, J, Brizard, A, et al. Indolent course as a relatively frequent presentation in T-prolymphocytic leukaemia: Groupe Francais d’Hematologie Cellulaire. Br J Haematol. 1998;103:488–94.Google Scholar
Vega, F, Medeiros, LJ, Gaulard, P. Hepatosplenic and other gammadelta T-cell lymphomas. Am J Clin Pathol. 2007;127:869–80.Google Scholar
Dommann-Scherrer, CC, Kurer, SB, Zimmermann, DR, et al. Occult hepatosplenic T-gamma delta lymphoma. Value of genotypic analysis in the differential diagnosis. Virchows Arch. 1995;426:629–34.Google Scholar
Cooke, CB, Krenacs, L, Stetler-Stevenson, M, et al. Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma: a distinct clinicopathologic entity of cytotoxic gamma delta T-cell origin. Blood. 1996;88:4265–74.Google Scholar
Yabe, M, Medeiros, LJ, Wang, SA, et al. Distinguishing between hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma and gammadelta T-cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia: a clinicopathologic, immunophenotypic, and molecular analysis. Am J Surg Pathol. 2017;41:82–93.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yabe, M, Medeiros, LJ, Tang, G, et al. Prognostic factors of hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma: clinicopathologic study of 28 cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 2016;40:676–88.Google Scholar
Matutes, E. T-Cell Lymphoproliferative Disorders: Classification, Clinical and Laboratory Aspects. Amsterdam: Harwood Academic Publishers; 1999.Google Scholar
Cetinozman, F, Jansen, PM, Vermeer, MH, et al. Differential expression of programmed death-1 (PD-1) in Sezary syndrome and mycosis fungoides. Arch Dermatol. 2012;148:1379–85.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shimoyama, M. Diagnostic criteria and classification of clinical subtypes of adult T-cell leukaemia-lymphoma. A report from the Lymphoma Study Group (1984–87). Br J Haematol. 1991;79:428–37.Google Scholar
Jaffe, ES, Blattner, WA, Blayney, DW, et al. The pathologic spectrum of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma in the United States. Human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus-associated lymphoid malignancies. Am J Surg Pathol. 1984;8:263–75.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cheung, MM, Chan, JK, Wong, KF. Natural killer cell neoplasms: a distinctive group of highly aggressive lymphomas/leukemias. Semin Hematol. 2003;40:221–32.Google Scholar
Cho, YU, Chi, HS, Park, CJ, et al. Distinct features of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma with bone marrow involvement. Am J Clin Pathol. 2009;131:640–6.Google Scholar
Grogg, KL, Morice, WG, Macon, WR. Spectrum of bone marrow findings in patients with angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma. Br J Haematol. 2007;137:416–22.Google Scholar
Cogbill, CH, Swerdlow, SH, Gibson, SE. Utility of CD279/PD-1 immunohistochemistry in the evaluation of benign and neoplastic T-cell-rich bone marrow infiltrates. Am J Clin Pathol. 2014;142:88–98.Google Scholar
Khokhar, FA, Payne, WD, Talwalkar, SS, et al. Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma in bone marrow: a morphologic and immunophenotypic study. Hum Pathol. 2010;41:79–87.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dobay, MP, Lemonnier, F, Missiaglia, E, et al. Integrative clinicopathological and molecular analyses of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma and other nodal lymphomas of follicular helper T-cell origin. Haematologica. 2017;102:e148–51.Google Scholar
Takahashi, D, Nagatoshi, Y, Nagayama, J, et al. Anaplastic large cell lymphoma in leukemic presentation: a case report and a review of the literature. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2008;30:696–700.Google Scholar
Parrilla Castellar, ER, Jaffe, ES, Said, JW, et al. ALK-negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma is a genetically heterogeneous disease with widely disparate clinical outcomes. Blood. 2014;124:1473–80.Google Scholar
Hartmann, S, Doring, C, Jakobus, C, et al. Nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma and T cell/histiocyte rich large B cell lymphoma: endpoints of a spectrum of one disease? PLoS One. 2013;8:e78812.Google Scholar
Khoury, JD, Jones, D, Yared, MA, et al. Bone marrow involvement in patients with nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma. Am J Surg Pathol. 2004;28:489–95.Google Scholar
Venkataraman, G, Song, JY, Tzankov, A, et al. Aberrant T-cell antigen expression in classical Hodgkin lymphoma is associated with decreased event-free survival and overall survival. Blood. 2013;121:1795–804.Google Scholar
Barry, TS, Jaffe, ES, Sorbara, L, et al. Peripheral T-cell lymphomas expressing CD30 and CD15. Am J Surg Pathol. 2003;27:1513–22.Google Scholar
Roemer, MG, Advani, RH, Ligon, AH, et al. PD-L1 and PD-L2 genetic alterations define classical Hodgkin lymphoma and predict outcome. J Clin Oncol. 2016;34:2690–7.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure no-reply@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×