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2. - Environmental contaminants and exposure

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 February 2010

By
Mary A. Fox  and
Yutaka Aoki
Edited by
Tracey J. Woodruff ,
Sarah J. Janssen ,
Louis J. Guillette, Jr  and
Linda C. Giudice
Tracey J. Woodruff
Affiliation:
University of California, San Francisco
Sarah J. Janssen
Affiliation:
University of California, San Francisco
Louis J. Guillette, Jr
Affiliation:
University of Florida
Linda C. Giudice
Affiliation:
University of California, San Francisco
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Summary

This chapter reviews concepts of exposure and dose, identifies sources of contaminants, and describes the circumstances of human exposures. Occurrence of contaminants varies by setting and humans are exposed to multiple contaminants simultaneously or sequentially. Various processes act on contaminants to affect their ultimate fate and distribution within the body and the biologically effective dose relevant to the health outcome of concern. It is important to have information on sources of contaminants and the circumstances of exposure. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) contains multiple items relevant to contaminant exposure and dose. Human exposure and absorption of contaminants depend on properties of the contaminant and the medium in which it is present, as well as human activities, which change over the lifespan. The nature of reproductive system function and human development presents challenges to quantitative measurement of contaminant exposure and dose and subsequent study of health effects.
Type
Chapter
Information
Environmental Impacts on Reproductive Health and Fertility
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2010

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