Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-lnqnp Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T05:19:19.023Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Chapter 11 - Ethnically Diverse University Communities

Challenges for Students and Staff from Black, Asian and Other Minority Ethnic Backgrounds

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 February 2024

Jane Morris
Affiliation:
University of Aberdeen
Get access

Summary

Better nurturing of ethnic diversity can be associated with improved academic achievement as well as more ethical university communities. Despite ‘wake up calls’ such as the Black Lives Matter movement, there is no room for complacency. The UK does not have predominantly black universities, though student cultural societies allow a sense of belonging. Individuals from minority ethnic groups should not automatically have to take responsibility as BAME campaigners. White staff and students need to overcome defensiveness to prevent ‘white fragility’ from blocking progress. In choosing a university, families of all ethnicities can ask whether the institution is signed up to Advance HE’s race equality charter (REC). Staff should assertively support BAME staff appointments and grant applications, and ensure that racial awareness trainings are evidence based. University Disciplinary procedures need to offer greater openness to complaints of discrimination and harassment. In University counselling services appointing more BAME practitioners improves the ethnic diversity of the clinical group, whether or not clients opt to meet with a clinician of non-white ethnicity. BAME students need extra support to return to academia after a mental illness as they are at greater risk of ‘dropping out’.

Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2024

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Arday, J. (2018). Understanding mental health: What are the issues for black and ethnic minority students at university? Social Sciences, 7(10), 196.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barksdale, C. L. & Molock, S. D. (2009). Perceived norms and mental health help seeking among African American college students. The Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research, 36(3), 285–99.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Berger, M. & Sarnyai, Z. (2015). “More than skin deep”: Stress neurobiology and mental health consequences of racial discrimination. Stress, 18(1), 110. https://doi.org/10.3109/10253890.2014.989204CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bhopal, K. & Henderson, H. (2019). Advancing equality in higher education: An exploratory study of the Athena SWAN and Race equality charters. British Academy/Leverhulme Research Report.Google Scholar
Boyce, W. T. & Ellis, B. J. (2005). Biological sensitivity to context: I. An evolutionary–developmental theory of the origins and functions of stress reactivity. Development and Psychopathology, 17(2), 271301.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cave, L., Cooper, M. N., Zubrick, S. R. & Shepherd, C. C. J. (2020). Racial discrimination and child and adolescent health in longitudinal studies: A systematic review. Social Science & Medicine, 27(250), 112864. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.112864CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cheadle, J. E., Goosby, B. J., Jochman, J. C., Tomaso, C. C., Kozikowski Yancey, C. B. & Nelson, T. D. (2020). Race and ethnic variation in college students’ allostatic regulation of racism-related stress. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117(49), 31053–62. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1922025117CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Civil Service HR (2020) Unconscious bias and diversity training – what the evidence says. UK Government. www.gov.uk/government/publications/unconscious-bias-and-diversity-training-what-the-evidence-saysGoogle Scholar
Darrell, L., Littlefield, M. & Washington, E. M. (2016). Safe spaces, nurturing places. Journal of Social Work Education, 52(1), 43–9.Google Scholar
DiAngelo, R. J. (2018). White fragility: Why it’s so hard for white people to talk about racism. Boston: Beacon Press.Google Scholar
Dumangane, C. (2016). Exploring the narratives of the few: British African Caribbean male graduates of elite universities in England and Wales (Doctoral dissertation, Cardiff University).Google Scholar
Eddo-Lodge, R. (2017). Why I’m no longer talking to white people about race. London; New York, NY: Bloomsbury Circus, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing Plc.Google Scholar
Eisenberg, D., Nicklett, E. J., Roeder, K. & Kirz, N. E. (2011). Eating disorder symptoms among college students: Prevalence, persistence, correlates, and treatment-seeking. Journal of American College Health, 59(8), 700–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gunnell, D., Caul, S., Appleby, L., John, A. & Hawton, K. (2019). The incidence of suicide in University students in England and Wales 2000/2001–2016/2017: Record linkage study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 261(2020), 113–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2019.09.079Google ScholarPubMed
Hackett, R. A., Ronaldson, A., Bhui, K., Steptoe, A. & Jackson, S. E. (2020). Racial discrimination and health: A prospective study of ethnic minorities in the United Kingdom. BMC Public Health, 20(1), 1652. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09792-1CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Khunti, K., Routen, A., Pareek, M., Treweek, S. & Platt, L. (2020). The language of ethnicity. BMJ, 371, m4493. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m4493Google Scholar
Luna, N., & MacMillan, T. (2015). The relationship between spirituality and depressive symptom severity, psychosocial functioning impairment, and quality of life: Examining the impact of age, gender, and ethnic differences. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 18(6), 513–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lymperopoulou, K. and Parame shwaran, M. (2015) Is there an ethnic group educational gap. In Jivraj, S. & Simpson, L. (eds) Ethnic Identity and Inequalities in Britain (pp. 118–98). Bristol: Policy Press.Google Scholar
Mulcahy, E. & Angus, A. (2021). Gypsy, Roma and Traveller young people. In: Menzies, L. & Baars, S. (eds) Young people on the margins (pp. 94123). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429433139-5CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mushonga, D. R. (2021). The glass is half full: The need to promote positive mental health in Black college students. Journal of College Student Psychotherapy, 35(4), 313–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/87568225.2020.1727804Google Scholar
Nazroo, J. Y., Bhui, K. S. & Rhodes, J. (2020). Where next for understanding race/ethnic inequalities in severe mental illness? Structural, interpersonal and institutional racism. Sociology of Health & Illness, 42(2), 262–76.Google Scholar
Nazroo, J. (2022). Tackling racism: moving beyond rhetoric to turn theory into practice. BMJ, 378.Google Scholar
Office for Students (2019). Mental health: are all students being properly supported? www.officeforstudents.org.uk/publications/mental-health-are-all-students-being-properly-supported/Google Scholar
Pilkington, A. (2020) Promoting Race Equality and Supporting Ethnic Diversity in the Academy: The UK Experience Over Two Decades. In: Crimmins, G. (ed) Strategies for Supporting Inclusion and Diversity in the Academy. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43593-6_2Google Scholar
Shin, G. Y. (2020). The language of ethnicity: blunt, contrived terms should be abandoned. BMJ, 371, m4935. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m4935Google Scholar
Siebert, D. C., Wilke, D. J., Delva, J., Smith, M. P. & Howell, R. L. (2003). Differences in African American and White college students’ drinking behaviors: Consequences, harm reduction strategies, and health information sources. Journal of American College Health, 52(3), 123–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smylie, J., Harris, R., Paine, S. J., Velásquez, I. A. & Lovett, R. (2022). Beyond shame, sorrow, and apologies—action to address indigenous health inequities. BMJ, 378, o1688.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society: the development of higher psychological processes. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Wallace, S., Nazroo, J. & Bécares, L. (2016). Cumulative effect of racial discrimination on the mental health of ethnic minorities in the United Kingdom. American Journal of Public Health, 106(7), 1294–300. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303121Google ScholarPubMed
Williams, M. T., Kanter, J. W. & Ching, T. H. W. (2018). Anxiety, Stress, and Trauma Symptoms in African Americans: Negative Affectivity Does Not Explain the Relationship between Microaggressions and Psychopathology. Journal of Racial & Ethnic Health Disparities, 5(5), 919–27. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40615-017-0440-3CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure no-reply@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×