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34 - Neuroimaging of obesity

from Section VI - Eating Disorders

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 January 2011

By
Gene-Jack Wang ,
Nora D. Volkow ,
Joanna S. Fowler  and
Panayotis K. Thanos
Edited by
Martha E. Shenton  and
Bruce I. Turetsky
Gene-Jack Wang
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry Mount Sinai School of Medicine New York, NY, USA and Medical Department Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton, NY, USA
Nora D. Volkow
Affiliation:
National institute of Drug Abuse and National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Bethesda, MD, USA
Joanna S. Fowler
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry Mount Sinai School of Medicine New York, NY, USA and Medical Department Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton, NY, USA
Panayotis K. Thanos
Affiliation:
National institute of Drug Abuse and National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Bethesda, MD, USA
Martha E. Shenton
Affiliation:
VA Boston Healthcare System and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School
Bruce I. Turetsky
Affiliation:
University of Pennsylvania
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Summary

Abstract

Obesity is a major public health problem affecting increasingly large numbers of people worldwide. Although it reflects an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure, the core pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for maintaining this balance are not well understood. It is of particular relevance that the maintenance of normal weight requires the coordination of peripheral signals of hunger and satiety and brain responses to either procure and consume food or to stop eating after a meal. Brain imaging studies show that obese individuals have significant deficits in regulation of energy homeostasis (i.e. delayed response to peripheral metabolic signals in the hypothalamus) and the brain circuits that regulate normal eating behavior (i.e. hunger, satiety, motivation, reward, emotion, learning, memory and inhibitory control). Because of the complexity and multi-factorial nature of obesity and eating disorders, future progress will be facilitated by a transdisciplinary approach which integrates modern imaging tools with new knowledge on behavior and genetics to guide the development of effective preventive and therapeutic approaches.

Introduction

According to the National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, an epidemic of obesity has developed in the United States during the past 30 years. Obesity is defined as an excessively high amount of body fat or adipose tissue in relation to lean body mass (Stunkard and Wadden, 1993).

Keywords

amygdalablood oxygen level dependent signalsdopamine pathwaysorbitofrontal cortexobesityinsular cortexfunctional magnetic resonance imagingfunctional neuroimaging techniquesovereating behaviorsomatosensory cortex
Type
Chapter
Information
Understanding Neuropsychiatric Disorders
Insights from Neuroimaging
 , pp. 487 - 509
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2010

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  • Neuroimaging of obesity
    • By Gene-Jack Wang, Department of Psychiatry Mount Sinai School of Medicine New York, NY, USA and Medical Department Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton, NY, USA, Nora D. Volkow, National institute of Drug Abuse and National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Bethesda, MD, USA, Joanna S. Fowler, Department of Psychiatry Mount Sinai School of Medicine New York, NY, USA and Medical Department Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton, NY, USA, Panayotis K. Thanos, National institute of Drug Abuse and National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Bethesda, MD, USA
  • Edited by Martha E. Shenton, Bruce I. Turetsky, University of Pennsylvania
  • Book: Understanding Neuropsychiatric Disorders
  • Online publication: 10 January 2011
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511782091.035
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  • Neuroimaging of obesity
    • By Gene-Jack Wang, Department of Psychiatry Mount Sinai School of Medicine New York, NY, USA and Medical Department Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton, NY, USA, Nora D. Volkow, National institute of Drug Abuse and National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Bethesda, MD, USA, Joanna S. Fowler, Department of Psychiatry Mount Sinai School of Medicine New York, NY, USA and Medical Department Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton, NY, USA, Panayotis K. Thanos, National institute of Drug Abuse and National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Bethesda, MD, USA
  • Edited by Martha E. Shenton, Bruce I. Turetsky, University of Pennsylvania
  • Book: Understanding Neuropsychiatric Disorders
  • Online publication: 10 January 2011
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511782091.035
Available formats
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  • Neuroimaging of obesity
    • By Gene-Jack Wang, Department of Psychiatry Mount Sinai School of Medicine New York, NY, USA and Medical Department Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton, NY, USA, Nora D. Volkow, National institute of Drug Abuse and National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Bethesda, MD, USA, Joanna S. Fowler, Department of Psychiatry Mount Sinai School of Medicine New York, NY, USA and Medical Department Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton, NY, USA, Panayotis K. Thanos, National institute of Drug Abuse and National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Bethesda, MD, USA
  • Edited by Martha E. Shenton, Bruce I. Turetsky, University of Pennsylvania
  • Book: Understanding Neuropsychiatric Disorders
  • Online publication: 10 January 2011
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511782091.035
Available formats
×