References
Accominotti, O. and Eichengreen, B. (2016). The Mother of All Sudden Stops: Capital Flows and Reversals in Europe, 1919–32. Economic History Review, 69(2), 496–492.
Acosta, P. A., Lartey, E. K. K., and Mandelman, F. S. (2009). Remittances and the Dutch Disease. Journal of International Economics, 79(1), 102–116.
Afram, G. G. (2012). The Remittance Market in India. Washington, DC: World Bank.
Ajami, R. A. and Karimi, K. A. (2023). Sovereign Wealth Funds: Opportunities, Global Challenges and Relevance to the Oil-Producing Economies. Journal of Asia-Pacific Business, 24(3), 145–148.
Alberola, A., Estrada, Á., and Viani, F. (2020). Global Imbalances from a Stock Perspective: The Asymmetry between Creditors and Debtors. Journal of International Money and Finance, 107, 1–20.
Amighini, A. A., McMillan, M., and Sanfilippo, M. (2017). FDI and Capital Formation in Developing Economies: New Evidence from Industry-Level Data, NBER Working Paper no. 23049. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research.
Amuedo-Dorantes, C. and Pozo, S. (2023). The Widespread Impacts of Remittance Flows. Institute of Labor Economics (IZA), pp. 1–97.
Attig, N., Guedhami, O., Nazaire, G., and Sy, O. (2023). What Explains the Benefits of International Portfolio Diversification? Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions & Money, 83, 1–15.
Avdjiev, S., Everett, M., Lane, P. R., and Shin, H. S. (2018). Tracking the International Footprints of Global Firms. BIS Quarterly Review, March, 47–66.
Aysun, U. and Hepp, R. (2016). The Determinants of Global Bank Lending: Evidence from Bilateral Cross-Country Data. Journal of Banking & Finance, 66, 35–52.
Badger, D. G. (1951). The Balance of Payments: A Tool of Economic Analysis. IMF Staff Papers, 2(1), 86–197.
Baele, L., Pungulescu, C., and Ter Horst, J. (2007). Model Uncertainty, Financial Market Integration and the Home Bias Puzzle. Journal of International Money and Finance, 26(4), 606–630.
Balcao Reis, A. B. (2001). On the Welfare Effects of Foreign Investments. Journal of International Economics, 54(2), 411–427.
Baldwin, R. (2016). The Great Convergence: Information Technology and the New Globalization. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Baldwin, R. and Freeman, R. (2021). Risks and Global Supply Chains: What We Know and What We Need to Know. NBER Working Paper no. 29444. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research.
Balli, F., Basher, S. A., and Ozer Balli, H. (2011). Income Insurance and the Determinants of Income Insurance via Foreign Asset Revenues and Foreign Liability Payments. Economic Modeling, 25(5), 203–213.
Balli, F., Basher, S. A., and Ozer Balli, H. (2013). International Income Risk Sharing and the Global Financial Crisis of 2008–2009. Journal of Banking and Finance, 37(7), 203–213.
Banerjee, B. (2020). Digital Currencies and Cross-Border Policy Cooperation and Coordination. G20 Digest, 2, 23–34.
Bang, J. T. and MacDermott, R. (2019). Does FDI Attract Immigrants? An Empirical Gravity Model Approach. International Migration Review, 53(1), 237–253.
Behar, A. and Hassan, R. (2022). The Current Account Income Balance: External Adjustment Channel or Vulnerability Amplifier? IMF Working Paper no. 2022/106. Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund.
Bénétrix, A., Lane, P. R., and Shambaugh, J. C. (2015). International Currency Exposures, Valuation Effects and the Global Financial Crisis. Journal of International Economics, 96, S98–S109.
Bertaut, C., Bressler, B., and Curcuru, S. (2018). Globalization and the Geography of Capital Flows. Ninth IFC Conference. Basel: Bank for International Settlements.
Bolt, W., de Haan, L., Hoeberichts, M., van Oordt, M. R. C., and Swank, J. (2012). Bank Profitability during Recessions. Journal of Banking & Finance, 36(9), 2552–2564.
Boonman, T. M. (2023). Portfolio Capital Flows before and after the Global Financial Crisis. Economic Modelling, 127, 1–17.
Boughton, J. M. (2012). Tearing Down Walls. Washington, DC: IMF.
Bracke, T. and Schmitz, M. (2011). Channels of International Risk-sharing: Capital Gains versus Income Flows. International Economics and Economic Policy, 8(1), 45–78.
Broto, C., Diaz-Cassou, J., and Erce, A. (2011). Measuring and Explaining the Volatility of Capital Flows to Emerging Countries. Journal of Banking & Finance, 35(8), 1941–1953.
Buch, C. M. (2005). Distance and International Banking. Review of International Economics, 13(4), 787–804.
Buch, C. M. and Kuckulenz, A. (2009). Worker Remittances and Capital Flows to Developing Countries. International Migration, 48(5), 89–117.
Bugamelli, M. and Paterno, F. (2009). Do Workers’ Remittances Reduce the Probability of Current Account Reversals? World Development, 37(12), 1821–1838.
Calvo, G. (1998). Capital Flows and Capital-Market Crises: The Simple Economics of Sudden Stops. Journal of Applied Economics, 1(1), 35–54.
Capelli, C. and Vaggi, G. (2016). Why Gross National Disposable Income Should Replace Gross National Income. Development and Change, 47(2), 223–239.
Carling, J. (2008). The Determinants of Migrant Remittances. Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 24(3), 581–598.
Carrera, J., Montes-Roja, G., Panigo, D., and Toledo, F. (2024). Income Inequality and External Wealth of Nations. Journal of Globalization and Development, 15(1), 47–62. https://doi.org/10.1515/jgd-2023-0042. Casella, B., Borga, M., and Wacker, K. M. (2023). Measuring Multinational Production with Foreign Direct Investment Statistics: Recent Trends, Challenges and Developments. IMF Working Paper no. 23/12. Washington, DC: IMF.
Cavallo, E., Powell, A., Pedemonte, M., and Tavella, P. A. (2015). A New Taxonomy of Sudden Stops: Which Sudden Stops Should Countries Be Most Concerned about? Journal of International Money and Finance, 51, 47–70.
Cazachevici, A., Havranek, T., and Horvath, R. (2020). Remittances and Economic Growth. World Development, 134.
Chakravarty, S. and Xiang, M. (2011). Determinants of Profit Reinvestment by Small Businesses in Emerging Economies. Financial Management, 40(3), 63–82.
Chami, R., Barajas, A., Cosimano, T. et al. (2008). Macroeconomic Consequences of Remittances. Occasional Paper 259, Washington, DC: IMF.
Chen, S.-H. and Liao, C.-C. (2011). Are Foreign Banks More Profitable than Domestic Banks? Home- and Host-Country Effects of Banking Market Structure, Governance, and Supervision. Journal of Banking & Finance, 35(4), 819–839.
Chen, W., Mrkaic, M., and Nabar, M. S. (2019). The Global Economic Recovery 10 Years after the 2008 Financial Crisis. IMF Working Paper no. 19/83. Washington, DC: IMF.
Claessens, S. (2017). Global Banking: Recent Developments and Insights from Research. Review of Finance, 21(4), 1513–1555.
Claessens, S. and van Horen, N. (2013). Impact of Foreign Banks. Journal of Financial Perspectives, 1(1), 29–42.
Clarke, H. (1995). International Labor-cum Capital Migrations: Theory, Welfare Implications, and Evidence. Economies Review, 6(4), 323–340.
Clausing, K. A. (2018). Does Tax Drive the Headquarters Locations of the World’s Biggest Companies? Transnational Corporations, 25(2), 37–65.
Coeurdacier, N. and Guibard, S. (2011). International Portfolio Diversification Is Better than You Think. Journal of International Money and Finance, 30(2), 289–308.
Colacelli, M., Gautam, D., and Rebillard, C. (2021). Japan’s Foreign Assets and Liabilities: Implications for the External Accounts. IMF Working Paper no. 21/26. Washington, DC: IMF.
Committee on the Global Financial System. (2021). Changing Patterns of Capital Flows. CGFS Paper no. 66. Basel: Bank for International Settlements.
Coppola, A., Maggioro, M., Neiman, B., and Schreger, A. (2021). Redrawing the Map of Global Capital Flows: The Role of Cross-Border Financing and Tax Haven. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 136(3), 1499–1556.
Daude, C. and Fratzscher, M. (2008). The Pecking Order of Cross-Border Investment. Journal of International Economics, 74(1), 94–119.
De, S., Islamaj, E., Kose, M. A., and Yousefi, S. R. (2019). Remittances over the Business Cycle: Theory and Evidence. Economic Notes, 48(3), 1–18.
De Beer, B. and Rangasamy, L. (2015). Some Impacts of South African FDI Flows on the Current Account Balance. Journal for Studies in Economics and Econometrics, 39(1), 99–116.
Di Vito, L., Fuentes, F. M., and Leite, J. M. (2023). Understanding the Profitability Gap between Euro Area and US Globally Systemically Important Banks. ECB Occasional Paper no. 327. Frankfurt: European Central Bank.
Doeswijk, R., Lam, T., and Swinkels, L. (2020). Historical Returns of the Market Portfolio. Review of Asset Pricing Studies, 10, 521–567.
Donato, G. and Tille, C. (2024). International Investment Income: Patterns, Drivers, and Heterogeneous Sensitivities. CEPR Discussion Paper No. 19251. London: CEPR Press. https://cepr.org/publications/dp19251. Driessen, J. and Laeven, L. (2007). International Portfolio Diversification Benefits: Cross-Country Evidence from a Local Perspective. Journal of Banking & Finance, 31(6), 1693–1712.
Dunning, J. H. (2001). The Eclectic (OLI) Paradigm of International Production: Past, Present and Future. International Journal of the Economics of Business, 8(2), 173–190.
Dyreng, S. and Hanlon, M. (2021). Tax Avoidance and Multinational Firm Behavior. In Fritz, C. Foley, J. Hines Jr., and Wessel, D., eds., Global Goliaths: Multinational Corporations in the 21st Century Economy. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, pp. 361–435.
Edelstein, M. (1976). Realized Rates of Return on U.K. Home and Overseas Portfolio Investment in the Age of High Imperialism. Explorations in Economic History, 13(3), 283–329.
Edelstein, M. (1982). Overseas Investment in the Age of High Imperialism: The United Kingdom, 1850–1914. New York: Columbia University Press.
Eichengreen, B. (2015). Hall of Mirrors: The Great Depression, the Great Recession, and the Uses-and Misuses-of History. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Eichengreen, B. (2024). Globalization and Growth in a Bipolar World. Working Paper no. WP 161. New Delhi: National Council of Applied Economic Research.
Eichengreen, B. and Temin, P. (2000). The Gold Standard and the Great Depression. Contemporary European History, 9(2), 183–207.
Eichengreen, B., Csonto, B., and El-Gananiny, A. (2022). Financial Globalization. In Cerra, V., Eichengreen, B., El-Ganainy, A., and Schindler, M., eds., How to Achieve Inclusive Growth. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 286–318.
Elizalde, H. (2008). The International Monetary Fund and Current Account Convertibility. In IMF, ed., Current Developments in Monetary and Financial Law. Washington, DC: IMF, pp. 17–40.
Esteves, R. and Khoudor-Castéras, D. (2009). A Fantastic Rain of Gold: European Migrants’ Remittances and Balance of Payments Adjustment during the Gold Standard Period. Journal of Economic History, 69(4), 951–985.
Eugster, J. and Donato, G. (2022). The Exchange Rate Elasticity of the Swiss Current Account. SNB Working Paper 14/2022. Zurich: Swiss National Bank.
Feinstein, C. H. (1995). Banking, Currency, and Finance in Europe in between the Wars. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
Findlay, R. and O’Rourke, K. H. (2007). Power and Plenty: Trade, War, and the World Economy in the Second Millennium. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Fischer, A. M., Groeger, H., Sauré, P., and Yeşin, P. (2019). Current Account Adjustment and Retained Earnings. Journal of International Money and Finance. 94, 246–259.
Fisman, R. and Love, I. (2003). Trade Credit, Financial Intermediary Development, and Industry Growth. Journal of Finance, 58(1), 353–374.
Florez-Orrego, S., Maggiori, M., Schreger, J., Sun, Z., and Tinda, S. (2023). Global Capital Allocation. NBER Working Paper no. 31599. Cambridge, MA: NBER.
Forbes, K., Hjortse, I., and Nenova, T. (2017). Current Account Deficits during Heightened Risk: Menacing or Mitigating? The Economic Journal, 127(601), 571–627.
Freund, C. and Spatafora, N. (2008). Remittances, Transactions Costs, and Informality. Journal of Development Economics, 86(2), 356–366.
Fukuma, N., Morishita, K., and Nakamura, T. (2016). Recent Trends in Japan’s Balance of Payments. Bank of Japan Review, no. 16-E-8. Tokyo: Bank of Japan.
Ganapati, S. and Wong, W. F. (2023). How Far Goods Travel: Global Transport and Supply Chains from 1965–2020. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 37(3), 3–30.
Garcia-Bernardo, J. and Jansky, P. (2021). Profit Shifting of Multinational Corporations Worldwide. IES Working Papers no. 14/2021. Prague: Institute of Economic Studies, Charles University.
Gechert, S., Havranek, T., Irsova, Z., and Kolcunova, D. (2022). Measuring Capital-Labor Substitution: The Importance of Method Choices and Publication Bias. Review of Economic Dynamics, 45, 55–82.
Gertner, R. H., Scharfstein, D. S., and Stein., J. C. (1994). Internal versus External Capital Markets. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 109(4), 1211–1230.
Gethin, A. (2018). Foreign Income and Assets in Comparative Perspective: Highlights from the World Inequality Database. WID. World Issue Brief. Paris: World Inequality Lab.
Gheasi, M., Nijkamp, P., and Rietveld, P. (2011). Migrants and International Economic Linkages: A Meta-Overview. Spatial Economic Analysis, 6(4), 359–376.
Goetzmann, W. N. (2017). Money Changes Everything. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Goldstein, I. and Razin, A. (2006). An Information-Based Trade Off between Foreign Direct Investment and Foreign Portfolio Investment. Journal of International Economics, 70(1), 271–295.
Gopinath, G., Gourinchas, P.-O., Presbitero, A., and Topalova, P. (2024). Changing Global Linkages: A New Cold War? Working Paper 24/76. Washington, DC: IMF.
Gou, Q., Li, X., and Zhao, G. (2024). Surges of Cross Border Capital Flow: The Impact of Digital Finance. Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, 84.
Graff, M., Kenwood, A. G., and Lougheed, A. L. (2014). Growth of the International Economy, 1820–2015. Abingdon-on-Thames: Routledge.
Hansen, E. and Wagner, R. (2022). The Reinvestment by Multinationals as a Capital Flow: Crises, Imbalances and the Cash-Based Current Account. Journal of International Money and Finance, 124.
Hassan, G. M. and Holmes, M. J. (2016). Do Remittances Facilitate a Sustainable Current Account? World Economy, 39(11), 1934–1853.
Hatayama, M. (2019). The Role of Regional Financial Centres for Development Finance. K4D Helpdesk Report 522. Brighton: Institute of Development Studies.
Hattari, R. and Rajan, R. S. (2011). How Different Are FDI and FPI Flows? Distance and Capital Market Integration. Journal of Economic Integration, 26(3), 499–525.
Hatton, T. J. and Williamson, J. G. (2008). Global Migration and the World Economy: Two Centuries of Policy and Performance. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Heimberger, P. (2020). Does Economic Globalisation Affect Income Inequality? A Meta-analysis. The World Economy, 43(1), 2960–2982.
High, J. (2000). Balance of Payments. In Reinert, K., Rajan, R., Glass, A., and Davis, L. S., eds., The Princeton Encyclopedia of the World Economy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, pp. 102–107.
Hobson, J. (1902). Imperialism, a Study. New York: James Pott.
Hufbauer, G. C. and Adler, M. B. (2010). The Rise of Emerging Market Multinationals: Economic and Business Challenges Ahead. In Sauvant, K. P., McAllister, G., and Maschek, W. A., eds., Foreign Direct Investments from Emerging Markets. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 413–424.
Hünnekes, F., Konradt, M., Schularick, M., Trebesch, C., and Wingenbach, J. (2023). Exportweltmeister: Germany’s Foreign Investment Returns in International Comparison. International Economics Department Working Paper no. HEIDWP03-2023. Geneva: Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies.
IMF. (2013). Balance of Payments and International Investment Manual. 6th ed. Washington, DC: IMF.
IMF. (2018). The Bali Fintech Agenda. Washington, DC: IMF.
IMF. (2020). Special Purpose Entities: Guidelines for a Data Template. Washington, DC: IMF.
IMF. (2023). World Economic Outlook. April. Washington, DC: IMF.
Islamaj, E. and Kose, A. K. (2022). What Types of Capital Flows Help Improve International Risk Sharing? Journal of International Money and Finance, 122.
Johnson, R. C. (2014). Five Facts about Value-Added Exports and Implications for Macroeconomics and Trade Research. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 28(2), 119–142.
Jones, G. (2005). Multinationals and Global Capitalism. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Joyce, J. P. (2019). Partners, Not Debtors: The External Liabilities of Emerging Market Economies. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 157, 320–337.
Joyce, J. P. (2021). The Sources of International Investment Income in Emerging Market Economies. Review of International Economics, 29(3), 606–625.
Joyce, J. P. (2024). The Impact of FDI Income on Income Shares in Home Countries. Journal of Economic Inequality, 22(2), 265–284.
Keller, W. and Olney, W. W. (2021). Globalization and Executive Compensation. Journal of International Economics, 129.
Keynes, J. M. (1920). The Economic Consequences of the Peace. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Howe.
Kindleberger, C. (1984). A Financial History of Western Europe. London: Allen & Unwin.
Klapper, L., Laeven, L., and Rajan, R. (2012). Trade Credit Contracts. Review of Financial Studies, 25(3), 838–867.
Knetsch, T. A. and Nagengast, A. J. (2017). Penny Wise and Pound Foolish? On the Income from Germany’s Foreign Investments. Review of World Economics, 153(4), 753–778.
Kodongo, O. and Ojah, K. (2017). Equity Markets. In Reinert, K., ed., Handbook of Globalisation and Development. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, pp. 201–217.
Koepke, R. (2019). What Drives Capital Flows to Emerging Markets? A Survey of the Empirical Literature. Journal of Economic Surveys, 33(2), 516–540.
Kose, M. A., Prasad, E. S., and Terrones, M. E. (2009). Does Financial Globalization Promote Risk Sharing? Journal of Development Economics, 89, 258–270.
Kosse, A. and Vermuelen, R. (2014). Migrants’ Choice of Remittance Channel: Do General Payment Habits Play a Role? World Development, 62, 213–227.
Kua, B. L. (2019). Money by Mail to China: Qiaopi and Chinese Remittance in Singapore. In Kwa, C. G. and Kua, B. L., eds., A General History of the Chinese in Singapore. Singapore: World Scientific, pp. 639–651.
Kugler, M. and Rapoport, H. (2007). International Labor and Capital Flows: Complements or Substitutes? Economics Letters, 94(2), 155–162.
Kugler, M., Levintal, O., and Rapoport, H. (2018). Migration and Cross-Border Financial Flows. World Bank Economic Review, 31(1), 148–162.
Kuwahata, H. (2023). The Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Executive Compensation: Evidence from the Great Recession. Applied Economic Letters, 30(13), 1738–1743.
Lane, P. R. (2001). Do International Investment Income Flows Smooth Income? Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, 137(2), 714–736.
Lane, P. R. (2015). A Financial Perspective on the UK Current Account Deficit. National Economic Review, 234(1), F67–F72.
Lane, P. R. and Milesi-Ferretti, G. M. (2018). The External Wealth of Nations Revisited: International Financial Integration in the Aftermath of the Global Financial Crisis. IMF Economic Review, 66(1), 189–122.
Langenmayr, D. and Li, L. (2023). Home or away? Profit Shifting with Territorial Taxation. Journal of Public Economics, 217.
Lartey, E. K. K. (2019). The Effect of Remittances on the Current Account in Developing and Emerging Economies. Economic Notes, 48(3), 1–17.
Lartey, E. K. K., Mandelbaum, F. S., and Acosta, P. A. (2012). Remittances, Exchange Rate Regimes and the Dutch Disease: A Panel Data Analysis. Review of International Economics, 20(2), 377–912.
Leblang, D. (2010). Familiarity Breeds Investment: Diaspora Networks and International Investment. American Political Science Review, 104(3), 584–600.
Lim, K. B. (2019). Money by Mail to China: Qiaopi and Chinese Remittance in Singapore. In Guan, K. C. and Lim, K. B., eds., A General History of the Chinese in Singapore. Singapore: World Scientific, pp. 637–650.
Lipsey, R. E. (2003). Foreign Direct Investment and the Operations of Multinational Firms: Concepts, History and Data. In Choi, E. K. and Harrigan, J., eds., Handbook of International Trade, Malden, MA: Blackwell, pp. 287–319.
Lipsey, R. E., Feenstra, R. C., Hahn, C. H., and Hatsopoulos, G. N. (1999). The Role of Foreign Direct Investment in International Capital Flows. In Feldstein, M., ed., International Capital Flows. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, pp. 307–331.
Ma, L. and Ruzic, D. (2020). Globalization and Top Income Shares. Journal of International Economics, 125.
McCauley, R.N., McGuire, P., and Wooldridge, P. (2021) Seven Decades of International Banking. BIS Quarterly Review, September, 61–75.
Machokoto, M., Gyimah, D., and Ibrahim, B. M. (2022). The Evolution of Trade Credit: New Evidence from Developed versus Developing Countries. Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, 59(3), 857–912.
Mills, G. (1994). Early Accounting in Northern Italy: The Role of Commercial Development and the Printing Press in the Expansion of Double-Entry from Genoa, Florence and Venice. Accounting Historians Journal, 21(1), 81–96.
Mundell, R. (1957). International Trade and Factor Mobility. American Economic Review, 47(3), 321–335.
Mundell, R. A. (1963). Capital Mobility and Stabilization Policy under Fixed and Flexible Exchange Rates. Canadian Journal of Economics and Political Science, 29(4), 475–485.
Myers, C. and Majluf, N. S. (1984). Corporate Financing and Investment Decisions When Firms Have Information That Investors Do Not Have. Journal of Financial Economics, 13(2), 187–221.
O’Rourke, K. H. and Williamson, J. G. (1999). Globalization and History: The Evolution of a Nineteenth-Century Atlantic Economy. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Obstfeld, M. and Taylor, A. M. (2004). Global Capital Markets: Integration, Crisis, and Growth. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.
OECD. (2015). How Multinational Enterprises Channel Investments Through Multiple Countries. Paris: OECD.
OECD. (2022). FDI in Figures, October. Paris: OECD.
OECD. (2023). Economic Impact Assessment of the Two Pillar Solution. Paris: OECD.
OECD. (2024). FDI in Figures. April. Paris: OECD.
Oseghale, B. D. and Nwachukwu, O. C. (2010). Effect of the Quality of Host Country Institutions on Reinvestments by United States Multinationals: A Panel Data Analysis. International Journal of Management, 27(3), 497–510.
Pagliari, M. S. and Swarnali, A. H. (2024). The Volatility of Capital Flows in Emerging Markets: Measures and Determinants. Journal of International Money and Finance, 145.
Papaioannou, E. (2009). What Drives International Financial Flows? Politics, Institutions and Other Determinants. Journal of Development Economics, 88(2), 269–281.
Petersen, M. A. and Rajan, R. G. (1997). Trade Credit: Theories and Evidence. Review of Financial Studies, 10(3), 661–691.
Piketty, T. (2014). Capital in the Twenty-First Century. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Polat, B. (2017). Determinants of Reinvested Earnings as a Component of Foreign Direct Investment. Journal of Economics and Management Research, 6(1), 24–45.
Ramirez, M. D. (2011). Is Foreign Direct Investment Productive in the Latin American Case? A Panel Co-Integration Analysis, 1980–2002. International Trade Journal, 25(1), 35–72.
Ratha, D., Plaza, S., Kim, E. J. et al. (2023). Migration and Development Brief 38: Remittances Remain Resilient but Are Slowing. Washington, DC: KNOMAD-World Bank.
Reinert, K. (2021). Mercantilism. In James, P., ed., Oxford Bibliographies in International Relations. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Reinhart, C. M. and Rogoff, K. S. (2009). This Times Is Different: Eight Centuries of Financial Folly. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Rogoff, K. S. and Tashiro, T. (2015). Japan’s Exorbitant Privilege. Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, 35, 43–61.
Salter, A. (1951). Foreign Investment. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University.
Sanderson, M. R. and Kentor, J. (2008). Foreign Direct Investment and International Migration: A Cross-National Analysis of Less-Developed Countries, 1985–2000. International Sociology, 23(4), 514–539.
Sarno, L., Tsiakas, I., and Ulloa, B. (2016). What Drives International Portfolio Flows? Journal of International Money and Finance, 60, 53–72.
Schroth, J. (2023). Capital Flows and Growth across Developing Countries. Journal of International Money and Finance, 137.
Sengupta, R. and Noeth, B. J. (2012). Emerging Markets: A Source of and Destination for Capital. The Regional Economist, 12(1), 10–11.
Shirota, T. (2015). What Is the Major Determinant of Cross-Border Flows? Journal of International Money and Finance, 53, 137–147.
Shiroyama, T. (2019). Overseas Chinese Remittances in the Mid-Twentieth Century. In Choi, C., Shiroyama, T., and Oishi, T., eds., Chinese and Indian Merchants in Modern Asia. Leiden, NL: Brill, pp. 72–103.
Siebert, H. (2002). The World Economy (2nd ed.). Abingdon-on-Thames: Routledge.
Solimano, A. and Watts, N. (2005). International Migration, Capital Flows and the Global Economy: A Long Run View. Macroeconomía del Desarrollo series 35. Santiago: United Nations.
Sørenson, B., Wu, Y.-T., Yosha, O., and Zhu, Y. (2007). Home Bias and International Risk Sharing: Twin Puzzles Separated at Birth. Journal of International Money and Finance, 26(4), 587–605.
Strauss, I. (2018). Explaining Global Trends in FDI in 2015 and beyond. In Sachs, L. E. and Johnson, L., eds., Yearbook on International Investment Law and Policy 2015–2016. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 3–41.
Temesvary, J. (2014). The Determinants of U.S. Banks International Activities. Journal of Banking and Finance, 44, 233–247.
Temesvary, J. and Banai, A. (2017). The Drivers of Foreign Bank Lending in Central and Eastern Europe: The Roles of Parent, Subsidiary and Host Market Traits. Journal of International Money and Finance, 77, 157–173.
Tesar, L. L. (1993). International Risk Sharing and Non-traded Goods. Journal of International Economics, 26, 587–605.
The Economist. (2024). Chinese Firms Are Growing Rapidly in the Global South. August 1, 2024.
Tille, C. and Donato, G. (2023). International Investment Income: Patterns, Drivers, and Heterogeneous Sensitivities. IMF Research Conference. Washington, DC: IMF.
Tørsløv, T., Wier, L., and Zucman, G. (2023). The Missing Profits of Nations. Review of Economic Studies, 90(3), 1499–1534.
UNCTAD. (2022). World Investment Report 2022. New York: United Nations.
UNCTAD. (2024). Global Economic Fracturing and Shifting Investment Patterns. Geneva: UNCTAD.
United Nations. (2020). International Migration Report 2020. New York: United Nations.
Vicard, V. (2023). Profits Shifting, Returns of Foreign Direct Investments and Investment Income Imbalances. IMF Economic Review, 71(2), 369–414.
Wacker, K. M. (2024). Investment Incomes vs. the Trade Balance: Is the Current Account Still a Meaningful Concept. Oesterreichische NationalBank Working Paper no. 256. Vienna: Oesterreichische NationalBank.
Wier, L. and Zucman, G. (2022). Global Profit Shifting, 1975–2019. WIDER Working Paper no. 2022/121. Helsinki: United National Institute World Institute for Development Economics Research.
Wilner, B. S. (2000). The Exploitation of Relationships in Financial Distress: The Case of Trade Credit. Journal of Finance, 55(1), 153–178.
Wolff, E. N. (2021). Household Wealth Trends in the United States, 1962 to 2019: Median Wealth Rebounds … but Not Enough. NBER Working Paper no. 28383. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research.
Xu, T., Hu, K., and Das, U. (2019). U.S. Bank Profitability and Financial Stability. IMF Working Paper no, 19/5. Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund.
Yakubovskiy, S. A., Rodionova, T. A., and Derkach, T. V. (2019). Impact of Foreign Investment Income on External Positions of Emerging Market Economies. Transition Studies Review, 26(1), 71–81.
Yang, D. (2011). Migrant Remittances. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 25(3), 129–152.
Zélity, B. (2022). The Welfare Effects of FDI: A Quantitative Analysis. Journal of Comparative Economics, 50(1), 293–320.
Zucman, G. (2019). Global Wealth Inequality. Annual Review of Economics, 11, 109–113.