Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-q99xh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T19:17:40.720Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
Series:   Elements in the Archaeology of Europe

Archaeology and the Genetic Revolution in European Prehistory

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 August 2022

Kristian Kristiansen
Kristian Kristiansen
Affiliation:
Göteborgs Universitet, Sweden

Summary

This Element was written to meet the theoretical and methodological challenge raised by the third science revolution and its implications for how to study and interpret European prehistory. The first section is therefore devoted to a historical and theoretical discussion of how to practice interdisciplinarity in this new age, and following from that, how to define some crucial, but undertheorized categories, such as culture, ethnicity and various forms of migration. The author thus integrates the new results from archaeogenetics into an archaeological frame of reference, to produce a new and theoretically informed historical narrative, one that also invites debate, but also one that identifies areas of uncertainty, where more research is needed.
Get access

Keywords

archaeologygeneticsEuropean prehistorymigrationethnicity
Type
Element
Information
Series: Elements in the Archaeology of Europe
Online ISBN: 9781009228701
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication: 18 August 2022

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Agbe-Davies, A. and Bauer, A.. 2010. Rethinking Trade as a Social Activity: An Introduction. In Bauer, A. and Agbe-Davies, A. S., eds., Social Archaeologies of Trade and Exchange. Exploring Relationships among People, Places and Things, 13–28. Walnut Creek, CA: Left Coast Press.Google Scholar
Allentoft, M. E. et al. 2015. Population Genomics of Bronze Age Eurasia. Nature 522: 167–72. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14507.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Allentoft, M. E. et al. 2022. Population Genomics of Stone Age Eurasia. BioRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.05.04.490594.Google Scholar
Almagro-Gorbea, M. and Lorrio Alvarado, A. J.. 2011. Teutates. El Heroe Fundador y el culto heroico al antepasado en Hispania y en la Keltiké. Bibliotheca Archaeologica Hispana 36. Madrid: Real Academia de la Historia.Google Scholar
Alvarez-Sanchís, J. 1999. Los Vettones. Madrid: Real Academia de la Historia. Alvarez-Sanchís, J. 2002. The Iron Age in Western Spain (800 BC–AD 50): An Overview. Oxford Journal of Archaeology 19.1: 65–89.Google Scholar
Ammerman, A. J. and Cavalli-Sforza, L. L.. 1984. The Neolithic Transition and the Genetics of Population in Europe. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Amorin, C. E. G. et al. 2018. Understanding 6th-Century Barbarian Social Organization and Migration through Paleogenomics. Nature Communications 9: 3547. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018–06024-4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, K. 2018. Becoming the Warrior: Constructed Identity or Functional Identity. In Horn, C. and Kristiansen, K., eds., Warfare in Bronze Age Society, 213–28. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Anthony, D. W. 1997. Prehistoric Migration as Social Process. In Chapman, J. and Hamerow, Helena, eds., Migrations and Invasions in Archaeological Explanation, 21–32. British Archaeological Reports International Series 664. Oxford: BAR.Google Scholar
Anthony, D. 2022. Migration, Ancient DNA, and Bronze Age Pastoralists from the Eurasian Steppes. In Daniels, M., ed., Homo Migrans: Modeling Mobility and Migration in Human History. IEMA Distinguished Monograph Series. Albany: SUNY-Press.Google Scholar
Armit, I. and Reich, D.. 2020. The Return of the Beaker Folk? Rethinking Migration and Population Change in British Prehistory. Antiquity: 1–14. https://doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2021.129.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arponen, V. P. J. et al. 2019a. Environmental Determinism and Archaeology. Understanding and Evaluating Determinism in Research Design. Archaeological Dialogues 26: 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1380203819000059.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arponen, V. P. J., et al. 2019b. Two Cultures in the Times of Interdisciplinary Archaeology. A Response to Commentators. Archaeological Dialogues 26: 19–24.Google Scholar
Arponen, V. P. J. et al. 2019c. Between Natural and Human Sciences: On the Role and Character of Theory in Socio-Environmental Archaeology. The Holocene, special issue: 1–6.Google Scholar
Bánffy, E. 2004. The 6th Millennium BC Boundary in Western Transdanubia and Its Role in the Central European Transition. The Szentgyörgyvölgyi-Pityerdomb Settlement. Budapest: Archaeological Institute of the HAS.Google Scholar
Bánffy, E. 2019. First Farmers of the Carpathian Basin. Changing Patterns in Subsistence, Ritual and Monumental Figurines. Prehistoric Society Research Paper 8. Oxford: Oxbow Books.Google Scholar
Barrett, J. 2014. The Material Constitution of Humanness. Archaeological Dialogues 21: 65–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barrett, J. 2019. The Archaeology of Population Dynamics. Current Swedish Archaeology 27: 37–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barth, F. 1969a. Introduction. In Barth, F., ed., Ethnic Groups and Boundaries: The Social Organization of Culture Difference, 9–38. London: Allen & Unwin.Google Scholar
Barth, F., ed. 1969b. Ethnic Groups and Boundaries. The Social Organization of Culture Difference. London: Allen & Unwin.Google Scholar
Baudou, E. 2005. Kossinna Meets the Nordic Archaeologists. Current Swedish Archaeology 13: 121–39.Google Scholar
Baudou, E. 2012. Oscar Montelius. Om tidens återkomst och kulturens vandringar. Stockholm: Atlantis.Google Scholar
Bentley, R. A. et al. 2012. Community Differentiation and Kinship among Europe’s First Farmers. PNAS 109.24: 62–4.Google Scholar
Bergerbrant, S. 2019. Transcultural Fostering in the Bronze Age? A Case Study of Grave 4/2 in Mound II at Abbekås, Sweden. In Ljung, C., Sjögren, A. Andreasson, Berg, I., et al., “Tidens landskap.” En vänbok til Anders Andren, 62–4. Stockholm: Nordic Academic Press.Google Scholar
Bergerbrant, S. et al. 2017. Identifying Commoners in the Early Bronze Age: Burials outside Barrows. In Bergerbrant, S. and Wessman, A., eds., New Perspectives on the Bronze Age. Proceedings of the 13th Nordic Bronze Age Symposium, Held in Gothenburg 9th June to 13th June 2015, 37–64. Oxford: Archaeopress.Google Scholar
Bickle, P. et al. 2016. At Home in the Neolithic: Understanding Diversity in Neolithic Houses and Households. Open Archaeology 2: 410–16.Google Scholar
Bintliff, J. 1999. Structure, Contingency, Narrative and Timelessness. In Bintliff, J., ed., Structure and Contingency. Evolutionary Processes in Life and Human Society, 132–48. London: Leicester University Press.Google Scholar
Blake, M. 2020. On the Biodeterministic Imagination. Archaeological Dialogues 27: 1–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blanko-Gonzales, A. et al. 2018. Cultural, Demographic and Environmental Dynamics of the Copper and Early Bronze Age in Iberia (3300–1500 BC). Towards an Interregional Multiproxy Comparison at the Time of the 4.2 ky BP Event. Journal of World Prehistory 31: 1–79. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10963-018–9113-3.Google Scholar
Boas, F. 1911. The Mind of Primitive Man. New York: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Bojs, K. 2017. My European Family. The First 54,000 Years. London: Bloomsbury Sigma.Google Scholar
Bondarenko, D. M. et al., eds. 2020. London: Springer.Google Scholar
Booth, T. J. 2019. A Stranger in a Strange Land: A Perspective on Archaeological Responses to the Palaeogenetic Revolution from an Archaeologist Working amongst Palaeogeneticists. World Archaeology. https://doi.org/10.1080/00438243.2019.1627240.Google Scholar
Booth, T. J. 2020. Imagined Biodeterminism? Archaeological Dialogues 27: 16–19.Google Scholar
Booth, T. J., et al. 2020. Tales from the Supplementary Information: Ancestry Change in Chalcolithic–Early Bronze Age Britain Was Gradual with Varied Kinship Organization. Cambridge Archaeological Journal: 1–22.Google Scholar
Bourgeois, Q. and Kroon, E. J.. 2017 The Impact of Male Burials on the Construction of Corded Ware Identity: Reconstructing Networks of Information in the 3rd Millennium BC. PLoS ONE 12.10: e0185971. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. pone.018597.Google Scholar
Brown, D. and Anthony, D.. 2019. Late Bronze Age Midwinter Dog Sacrifices and Warrior Initiations at Krasnosamarskoe, Russia. In Olsen, B. A. et al., eds., Tracing the Indo-Europeans. New Evidence from Archaeology and Historical Linguistics, 197–222. Oxford: Oxbow Books.Google Scholar
Bürmeister, S. 2000. Archaeology and Migration. Approaches to an Archaeological Proof of Migration. Current Anthropology 41: 539–67. https://doi.org/10.1086/317383.Google Scholar
Bürmeister, S. 2019. Archaeological Migration Research Is Interdisciplinary or It Is Nothing. Ten Essentials How to Think About the Archaeological Study of Migration. In Molodin, V. I. and Mylnikova, L. N., eds., Mobilität und Migration. Konzepte und Methoden, Ergebnisse / Mobility and Migration. Concepts, Methods, Results. Novosibirsk. DOI: 10.17746/0301-5.2019.229-237Google Scholar
Bürmeister, S. 2021. Does the Concept of Genetic Ancestry Reinforce Racism? TATuP 30.2: 41–6. https://doi.org/10.14512/tatup.30.2.41.Google Scholar
Bürmeister, S. and Müller-Schessel, N., eds. 2007. Soziale Gruppen, Kulturelle Grenzen. Die Interpretation sozialer Identitäten in der prähistorischen Archäologie. Münster: Waxman Verlag.Google Scholar
Callaway, H. 2018. The Battle for Common Ground. Nature 555: 574–6.Google Scholar
Cameron, C. M. 2016. Captives. How Stolen People Changed the World. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.Google Scholar
Cassidy, L. M. et al. 2020. A Dynastic Elite in Monumental Neolithic Society. Nature 582: 384–8.Google Scholar
Chapman, J. 2020. Forging Identities in the Prehistory of Old Europe. Dividuals, Individuals and Communities 7000–3000 BC. Leiden:Sidestone Press.Google Scholar
Chenal, F. et al. 2015 A Farewell to Arms: A Deposit of Human Limbs and Bodies at Bergheim, France, c. 4000 BC. Antiquity 89: 1313–30.Google Scholar
Chrisomalis, S. and Trigger., B. 2003. Reconstructing Prehistoric Ethnicity: Problems and Possibilities. In Wright, J. V. and Pilon, J.-L., eds., A Passion for the Past. Papers in Honour of James F. Pendergast. Archaeological Survey of Canada Mercury Series Paper No.164. Gatineau: Canadian Museum of Civilization.Google Scholar
Cifani, G. and Stoddart, S., eds. 2012. Landscape, Ethnicity and Identity in the Archaic Mediterranean Area. Oxford: Oxbow Books.Google Scholar
Clarke, D. 1968. Analytical Archaeology. London: Methuen.Google Scholar
Clarke, D. 1973. Archaeology: The Loss of Innocence. Antiquity 47: 6–18.Google Scholar
Cleere, H., ed. 1984. Approaches to the Archaeological Heritage. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Cleere, H. ed. 1989. Archaeological Heritage Management in the Modern World. London: Unwin Hyman.Google Scholar
Coole, D. H. and Frost, S.. 2010. New Materialisms. Ontology, Agency, and Politics. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. https://doi.org/10.1215/9780822392996.Google Scholar
Crellin, R. J. and Harris, O. J. T. 2020. Beyond Binaries. Interrogating Ancient DNA. Archaeological Dialogues 27: 37–56.Google Scholar
Curta, F. 2014. Ethnic Identity and Archaeology. In Smith, C., ed., Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology. Springer.Google Scholar
Cylenski, M. et al. 2017. Late Danubian Mitochondrial Genomes Shed Light into the Neolithisation of Central Europe in the 5th Millennium BC, BMC Evolutionary Biology 17.80. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-017-0924-0.Google Scholar
Damgård, P. de Barros et al. 2018. 137 Ancient Human Genomes from across the Eurasian Steppes. Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0094-2.Google Scholar
Demoule, J.-P. 2012. Mais où sont passés les Indo-Européens? Le mythe d’origine de l’Occident. Paris: Seuil.Google Scholar
Díaz de Liaño, G. and Fernández-Götz, M.. 2021. Posthumanism, New Humanism and Beyond. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 31.3: 543–9.Google Scholar
Díaz-Andreu García, M. 2007. A World History of Nineteenth-Century Archaeology: Nationalism, Colonialism, and the Past. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Díaz-Andreu, M. and Champion, T., eds. 1996. Nationalism and Archaeology in Europe. London: UCL Press.Google Scholar
Díaz-Andreu, M. and Coltofean-Arizancu, L.. 2021. Interdisciplinarity and Archaeology. A Historical Introduction. In Coltofean-Arizancu, L. and Díaz-Andreu, M., eds., Interdisciplinarity and Archaeology: Scientific Interactions in Nineteenth- and Twentieth-Century Archaeology, 1–21. Oxford: Oxbow.Google Scholar
Dietler, M. 2010. Archaeologies of Colonianism. Consumption, Entanglement, and Violence in the Ancient Mediterranean. Oakland: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Downey, S. S. et al. 2016. European Neolithic Societies Showed Early Warning Signals of Population Collapse. PNAS 113.35: 9751–6. www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1602504113.Google Scholar
Dueck, D. 2012. Geography in Classical Antiquity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Eggers, H. J. 1959. Einführung in die Vorgeschichte. Munich: E. Pipers.Google Scholar
Eisenmann, S. et al. 2018. Reconciling Material Cultures in Archaeology with Genetic Data: The Nomenclature of Clusters Emerging from Archaeogenomic Analysis. Nature Scientific Reports 8: 13003. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-31123-z.Google Scholar
Fernandes, D. M. et al. 2018. Agenomic Neolithic Time Transect of Hunter-Farmer Admixture in Central Poland. Nature Scientific Reports 8: 14879. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018–33067-w.Google Scholar
Fernández-Götz, M. 2013. Revisiting Iron Age Ethnicity. European Journal of Archaeology 16.1: 116–36.Google Scholar
Fernández-Götz, M. and Ruiz Zapatero., G. 2011. Hacia una arqueologia de la etnicidad. Trabajos de Prehistoria 68.2: 219–36.Google Scholar
Feuchtwang, S. and Rowlands, M.. 2019. Civilisation Recast. Theoretical and Historical Perspectives. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Finkelberg, M. 2005. Greeks and Pre-Greeks: Aegean Prehistory and Greek Heroic Tradition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Fischer, A. and Kristiansen, K., eds. 2002. The Neolithisation of Denmark: 150 Years of Debate. Sheffield: J. R. Collis.Google Scholar
Fowler, C. et al. 2021. Kinship Practices in a Five-Generation Family from Neolithic Britain: Patrilineal Descent, Maternal Sub-Lineages, Adoptive Sons and Virilocal Burial. Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-04241-4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frei, K. M. et al. 2015. Tracing the Life Story of a Bronze Age Girl with High Societal Status. Nature Scientific Reports 5: 10431.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frei, K. M. et al. 2017. A Matter of Months: High Precision Migration Chronology of a Bronze Age Female. PLoS One 12.6: e0178834.Google Scholar
Frei, K. M. et al. 2019. Mapping Human Mobility during the Third and Second Millennia BC in Present-Day Denmark. PLoS ONE 14.8: e0219850. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0219850.Google Scholar
Friedman, J., 1975. Tribes, States, and Transformation. In Bloch, M., ed., Marxist Analysis and Social Anthropology, 161–202. London: Malaby Press.Google Scholar
Frieman, C. J. and Hofmann, D.. 2019. Present Pasts in the Archaeology of Genetics, Identity, and Migration in Europe: A Critical Essay, World Archaeology, https://doi.org/10.1080/00438243.2019.1627907.Google Scholar
Furholt, M. 2008. Pottery, Cultures, People? The European Baden Material Re- examined. Antiquity 82: 614–28.Google Scholar
Furholt, M. 2017. Translocal Communities. Exploring Mobility and Migration in Sedentary Societies of the European Neolithic and Early Bronze Age. Praehistorische Zeitschrift 92.2: 304–21.Google Scholar
Furholt, M. 2018 Massive Migrations? The Impact of Recent aDNA Studies on our View of Third Millennium Europe. European Journal of Archaeology 21.2: 159–91.Google Scholar
Furholt, M. 2019 Re-integrating Archaeology: A Contribution to aDNA Studies and the Migration Discourse on the 3rd Millennium BC in Europe. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 85: 115–29. https://doi.org/10.1017/ppr.2019.4.Google Scholar
Furholt, M. 2020. Biodeterminism and Pseudo-objectivity as Obstacles for the Emerging Field of Archaeogenetics. Archaeological Dialogues 27: 23–5.Google Scholar
Furholt, M. 2021. Mobility and Social Change: Understanding the European Neolithic Period after the Archaeogenetic Revolution. Journal of Archaeological Research. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10814-020-09153-x.Google Scholar
Furtwängler, A. et al. 2020. Ancient Genomes Reveal Social and Genetic Structure of Late Neolithic Switzerland. Nature Communications 11. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020–15560-x.Google Scholar
Fyfe, R. M. et al. 2009. The European Pollen Database: Past Efforts and Current Activities. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 18: 417.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fyfe, R. et al. 2015. From Forest to Farmland: Pollen‐Inferred Land Cover Change across Europe Using the Pseudobiomization Approach. Global Change Biology 21: 1197–212. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12776.Google Scholar
Gailey, C. W. 1987. Kinship to Kingship. Gender Hierarchy and State Formation in the Tongan Islands. Austin: University of Texas Press.Google Scholar
Gardner, A. et al., eds. 2013– . The Oxford Handbook of Archaeological Theory. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Gell, A. 1998. Art and Agency. An Anthropological Theory. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Gibson, B. D. 2011. Chiefdom Confederacies and State Origins. Social Evolution & History 10.1: 215–33.Google Scholar
Goldhahn, J. 2019. Birds in the Bronze Age. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Gosden, C. 1999. Anthropology & Archaeology. A Changing Relationship. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Gosden, C. 2004. Archaeology and Colonialism. Cultural Contact from 5000 BC to the Present. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Gould, S. J. 1999. Introduction: The Scales of Contingency and Punctuation in History. In Bintliff, J., ed., Structure and Contingency. Evolutionary Processes in Life and Human Society, x–xxii. London: Leicester University Press.Google Scholar
Graeber, D. and Sahlins, M.. 2018. On Kings. Chicago: Hau Books.Google Scholar
Grayson, D. K. 1983. The Establishment of Human Antiquity. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Green, R. E. et al. 2010. A Draft Sequence of the Neandertal Genome. Science 328.5979, May 7: 710–22. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1188021.Google Scholar
Haak, W. et al. 2015. Massive Migration from the Steppe was a Source for Indo-European Languages in Europe. Nature 522: 207–211. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14317.Google Scholar
Haak, W. et al. 2022. The Corded Ware Complex in Europe in Light of Current Archaeogenetic and Environmental Evidence. In Kristiansen, K., Kroonen, G., and Willerslev, E., eds., The Indo-European Puzzle Revisited: Integrating Archaeology, Genetics, and Linguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Hakenbeck, S. E. 2019. Genetics, Archaeology and the Far Right: An Unholy Trinity. World Archaeology. https://doi.org/0.1080/00438243.2019.1617189.Google Scholar
Hall, J. 1997. Ethnic Identity in Greek Antiquity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Hall, J. 2002. Hellenicity: Between Ethnicity and Culture. Chicago: Chicago University Press.Google Scholar
Hansen, S. 2019. Noch einmal: Abschied von den Indogermanen. In Molodin, V. I. and Mylnikova, L. N., eds., Mobilität und Migration. Konzepte und Methoden, Ergebnisse / Mobility and Migration. Concepts, Methods, Results. Novosibirsk. https://doi.org/10.17746/0301-5.2019.229-237.Google Scholar
Hedeager, L. 2010. Iron Age Myth and Materiality. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Helms, M. W. 1998. Access to Origins. Affines, Ancestors and Aristocrats. Austin: University of Texas Press.Google Scholar
Heyd, V. 2017. Kossinna’s Smile. Antiquity 91: 1–12.Google Scholar
Heyd, V. et al. 2018. Archaeological Background to the Beaker Complex. Supplementary Information to Olalde et al. 2018.Google Scholar
Hinz, M. et al. 2012. Demography and the Intensity of Cultural Activities: An Evaluation of Funnel Beaker Societies (4200–2800 cal BC). Journal of Archaeological Sciences 39: 3331–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hodder, I., ed. 1978. The Spatial Organisation of Culture. Duckworth, London.Google Scholar
Hodder, I. ed. 1982a. Symbolic and Structural Archaeology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hodder, I. 1982b. Symbols in Action. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Hodder, I. 1982c. Theoretical Archaeology: A Reactionary View. In Hodder 1982a, 1–17.Google Scholar
Hodder, I. 1990. The Domestication of Europe. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Hodder, I. 1992. Theory and Practice in Archaeology. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Hodder, I. 2016. Studies in Human-Thing Entanglement. Open Access Book.Google Scholar
Hodder, I. and Orton, C.. 1976. Spatial Analysis in Archaeology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Hodos, T. 2006. Local Responses to Colonization in the Iron Age Mediterranean. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Hofmann, D. 2019. Commentary. Archaeology, Archaeogenetics and Theory. Current Swedish Archaeology 27: 133–40.Google Scholar
Holst, M. K. et al. 2013. Bronze Age “Herostrats”: Ritual, Political, and Domestic Economies in Early Bronze Age Denmark. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 79: 265–96.Google Scholar
Horn, C. and Kristiansen, K., eds. 2018. Warfare in Bronze Age Society. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Hornborg, A. 2014. Political Economy, Ethnogenesis, and Language Dispersals in the Prehispanic Andes: A World-System Perspective. American Anthropologist 116.4: 810–23.Google Scholar
Hornborg, A. 2016. Global Magic. Technologies of Appropriation from Ancient Times to Wall Street. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Hornborg, A. and Hill, J. D., eds. 2011. Ethnicity in Ancient Amazonia. Reconstructing Past Identities from Archaeology, Linguistic and Ethnohistory. Boulder: University Press of Colorado.Google Scholar
Huggett, J. 2020. Is Big Digital Data Different? Towards a New Archaeological Paradigm. Journal of Field Archaeology 45: 8–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/00934690.2020.1713281.Google Scholar
Ion, A. 2017. How Interdisciplinary Is Interdisciplinarity? Revisiting the Impact of aDNA Research for the Archaeology of Human Remains. Current Swedish Archaeology 25: 177–98.Google Scholar
Ion, A. 2019. Who Are We as Historical Beings? Shaping Identities in the Light of the Archaeogenetics “Revolution.” Current Swedish Archaeology 27: 11–36.Google Scholar
Ion, A. in press. Boundary Objects, Identities and Archaeology. Forum kritische Archäologie.Google Scholar
Iversen, R. and Kroonen, G.. 2017. Talking Neolithic: Linguistic and Archaeological Perspectives on How Indo-European Was Implemented in Southern Scandinavia. American Journal of Archaeology 121.4: 511–25.Google Scholar
Jacob-Friesen, K. H. 1928. Grundfragen der Urgeschichtsforschung. Stand und Kritik der Forschung über Rassen, Völker und Kulturen in urgeschichtlicher Zeit. Hannover: Hannoversches Provinzialmuseum für Kunst und Wissenschaft .Google Scholar
Jeong, C. et al. 2020. A Dynamic 6,000-Year Genetic History of Eurasia’s Eastern Steppe. Cell 183: 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2020.10.015.Google Scholar
Johnson, K. M. and Paul, K. S.. 2016. Bioarchaeology and Kinship: Integrating Theory, Social Relatedness, and Biology in Ancient Family Research. Journal of Archaeological Research 24: 75–123.Google Scholar
Jones, S. 1997. The Archaeology of Ethnicity. Constructing Identities in the Past and the Present. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Juras, A. et al. 2018. Mitochondrial Genomes Reveal an East to West Cline of Steppe Ancestry in Corded Ware Populations. Nature 8:11603.Google Scholar
Kaliff, A. and Oestigaard, T.. 2021. Werewolves, Warriors and Winter Sacrifices. Unmasking Kivik and Indo-European Cosmology in Bronze Age Scandinavia. Opia 75, Uppsala: Uppsala University.Google Scholar
Källen, A. et al. 2019. Archaeogenetics in Popular Media. Contemporary Implications of Ancient DNA. Current Swedish Archaeology 27: 69–91. https://doi.org/10.37718/CSA.2019.04.Google Scholar
Karl, R. 2006. Altketische Sozialstruturen. Budapest: Archaeolingua.Google Scholar
Karl, R. no date. Neighbourhood, Hospitality, Fosterage and Contracts. Late Hallstatt and Early La Tène Complex Social Interaction North of the Alps. Academia.edu.Google Scholar
Kaul, F. 2022. Middle Bronze Age Long Distance Exchange: Amber, Early Glass, and Guest Friendship, Xenia. In Ling, J., Chacon, R. J., and Kristiansen, K., eds., Trade before Civilization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Knipper, C. et al. 2017. Female Exogamy and Gene Pool Diversification at the Transition from the Final Neolithic to the Early Bronze Age in Central Europe. PNAS. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1706355114.Google Scholar
Knipper, C. et al. 2020. Diet and Subsistence in Bronze Age Pastoral Communities from the Southern Russian Steppes and the North Caucasus. PLoS ONE 15.10: e0239861. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239861.Google Scholar
Kohl, P. L. and Fawcett, C.. 1995. Nationalism, Politics, and the Practice of Archaeology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Kossinna, G. 1896. Die vorgeschichtliche Ausbreitung der Germanen in Deutschland. Zeitshcrift des Vereins für Volkskunde 6: 1–14.Google Scholar
Kossinna, G. 1911. Die Herkunft der Germanen. Zur Methode der Siedlungsarchäologie. Manus Bibliothek 6. Leipzig: Verlag von Curt Kabitzsch.Google Scholar
Kradin, N. N. et al., eds. 2003. Nomadic Pathways in Social Evolution. Moscow: Center for Civilizational and Regional Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences.Google Scholar
Krause, J., with Trappe, T.. 2019. Die Reise unserer Gene: Eine Geschichte über uns und unsere Vorfahren. n.p.: Propyläen.Google Scholar
Kristiansen, K. 1989. Prehistoric Migrations. The Case of the Single Grave and Corded Ware Cultures. Journal of Danish Archaeology 8: 211–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kristiansen, K. 1993. “The Strength of the Past and Its Great Might.” An Essay on the Use of the Past. Journal of European Archaeology 1: 3–32.Google Scholar
Kristiansen, K. 1996. Old Boundaries and New Frontiers: Reflections on the Identity of Archaeology. Current Swedish Archaeology 4: 103–22.Google Scholar
Kristiansen, K. 1998. Europe before History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Kristiansen, K. 2002. The Birth of Ecological Archaeology in Denmark: History and Research Environments 1850–2000. In Fischer and Kristiansen 2002, 11–31.Google Scholar
Kristiansen, K. 2004. Genes versus Agents. A Discussion of the Widening Theoretical Gap in Archaeology. Archaeological Dialogues 11.2: 77–99.Google Scholar
Kristiansen, K. 2008. The Discipline of Archaeology. In Cunliffe, B., Gosden, C., and Joyce, R. A., eds., The Oxford Handbook of Archaeology, 1–46. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Kristiansen, K. 2011. Constructing Social and Cultural Identities in the Bronze Age. In Roberts, B. W. and Linden, M. Vander, eds., Investigating Archaeological Cultures: Material Culture, Variability, and Transmission, 201–10. London: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6970-5_10.Google Scholar
Kristiansen, K. 2014a. Bronze Age Identities. From Social to Cultural and Ethnic Identity. In McInerney, J., ed., A Companion to Ethnicity in the Ancient Mediterranean, 82–96. Oxford: Wiley Blackwell.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kristiansen, K. 2014b. Towards a New Paradigm? The Third Science Revolution and Its Possible Consequences in Archaeology. Current Swedish Archaeology 22: 11–34.Google Scholar
Kristiansen, K. 2016. Interpreting Bronze Age Trade and Migration. In Kiriatzi, E. and Knappett, C., eds., Human Mobility and Technological Transfer in the Prehistoric Mediterranean, 154–81. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Kristiansen, K. 2017. The Nature of Archaeological Knowledge and Its Ontological Turns. Norwegian Archaeological Review 50: 120–3.Google Scholar
Kristiansen, K. 2019. Who Is Deterministic? On the Nature of Interdisciplinary Research in Archaeology. Archaeological Dialogues: 1–3. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1380203819000060.Google Scholar
Kristiansen, K. 2022. Towards a New Prehistory: Re-theorising Genes, Culture and Migratory Expansions. In Daniels, M., ed., Homo Migrans. Modelling Mobility and Migration in Human History. IEMA Distinguished Monograph Series. Albany: SUNY Press.Google Scholar
Kristiansen, K. in press. Travelers, Bronze Age. In Fernández-Götz, M., Nimura, C., Stockhammer, P., and Cartwright, R., eds., Rethinking Migrations in Late Prehistoric Eurasia. Proceedings of the British Academy. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Kristiansen, K. et al. 2017. Re-theorising Mobility and the Formation of Culture and Language among the Corded Ware Culture in Europe. Antiquity 91.356: 334–47.Google Scholar
Kristiansen, K. and Earle, T.. 2015. Neolithic versus Bronze Age Social Formations: A Political Economy Approach. In Kristiansen, K., Šmejda, L., and Turek, J., eds., Paradigm Found. Archaeological Theory. Present, Past and Future. Essays in Honour of Evžen Neustupný, 234–47. Oxford: Oxbow Books.Google Scholar
Kristiansen, K. and Earle, T.. 2022. Modelling Modes of Production: European 3rd and 2nd Millennium BC Economies. In Poettinger, M., Fragipane, M., and Schefold, B., eds., Ancient Economies in Comparative Perspective. London: Springer.Google Scholar
Kristiansen, K. and Larsson, T. B.. 2005. The Rise of Bronze Age Society. Travels, Transmission and Transformations. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Kristiansen, K. et al. 2020. Thy at the Crossroads: A Local Bronze Age Community’s Role in a Macro-Economic System. In Austvoll, K. I., Eriksen, M. H., Fredriksen, P. D., Melheim, L., Skogstrand, L., and Prøsch-Danielsen, L., eds., Contrasts of the Nordic Bronze Age. Essays in Honour of Christopher Prescott, 269–82. The Archaeology of Northern Europe 1. Turnhout: Brepols.Google Scholar
Kristiansen, K. et al., eds. 2022 The Indo-European Puzzle Revisited: Integrating Archaeology, Genetics, and Linguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Kristinsson, A. 2010. Expansions: Competition and Conquest in Europe Since the Bronze Age. Reykjavík: Reykjavíkur Akademían.Google Scholar
Kristinsson, A. 2012. Indo-European Expansion Cycles. The Journal of Indo-European Studies 40.3–4): 365–433.Google Scholar
Kuhn, T. 1962. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. 2nd ed. Chicago: University of Chicago PressGoogle Scholar
Kveiborg, J. 2018. Traversing the Sky and the Earth. The Nordic Bronze Age Horse in a Long-Term Perspective. Praehistorische Zeitschrift 93.2: 225–64.Google Scholar
Kveiborg, J. 2020. Together or Apart? Identifying Ontologies in the Nordic Bronze and Iron Age through the Study of Human–Horse Relationships. In Austvoll, K. I. et al., eds., Contrasts of the Nordic Bronze Age. Essays in Honour of Christopher Prescott, 115–27. The Archaeology of Northern Europe 1. Turnhout: Brepols.Google Scholar
Lalueza-Fox, C. 2013. Agreements and Misunderstandings among Three Scientific Fields. Current Anthropology 54: 214–20.Google Scholar
Lansing, J. S. et al. 2017. Kinship Sructures Create Persistent Channels for Language Transmissions. Proceedings of the Nationall Academy of Sciences USA 114.49: 12910–15. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1706416114.Google Scholar
Larsen, C. S. 2014. Life Conditions and Health in Early Farmers. A Global Perspective and Consequences of a Fundamental Transition. In Whittle, A. and Bickle, P., eds., Early Farmers. The View from Archaeology and Science, 215–32. Proceedings of the British Academy 198. Oxford: The British Academy and Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Levi-Strauss, C. 1969. The Elementary Structures of Kinship. Boston: Beacon Press.Google Scholar
Librado, P. et al. 2021. Genomic Origins and Spread of Domestic Horses from the Bronze Age Western Eurasia Steppe. Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-04018-9.Google Scholar
Liedman, S.-E. 2018. A World to Win: The Life and Works of Karl Marx. Verso.Google Scholar
Lincoln, B. 1981. Priests, Warriors and Cattle. A Study in the Ecology of Religion. Los Angeles: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Linderholm, A. et al. 2020. Corded Ware Cultural Complexity Uncovered Using Genomic and Isotopic Analysis from South-Eastern Poland. Nature Scientific Report 10: 6885. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-63138-w.Google Scholar
Ling, J., Chacon, R., and Kristiansen, K., eds. 2022. Trade before Civilization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Ling, J. et al. 2018. Maritime Mode of Production. Raiding and Trading in Seafaring Chiefdoms. Current Anthopology 59: 515–16. https://doi.org/10.1086/699613.Google Scholar
Lipson, M. et al. 2017. Parallel Palaeogenomic Transects Reveal Complex Genetic History of Early European Farmers. Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature24476.Google Scholar
Lucas, G. 2015. The Mobility of Theory. Current Swedish Archaeology 23: 13–32.Google Scholar
Lucas, G. 2017. The Paradigm Concept in Archaeology. World Archaeology 49: 260–70.Google Scholar
Mace, R. et al., eds. 2005. The Evolution of Cultural Diversity. A Phylogenetic Approach. Walnut Creek, CA: Left Coast Press.Google Scholar
Madella, M. et al., eds. 2013. The Archaeology of Household. Oxford: Oxbow Books.Google Scholar
Malkin, I. 2014. A Small Greek World. Networks in the Ancient Mediterranean. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Marila, M. M. 2019. Slow Science for Fast Archaeology. Current Swedish Archaeology 27: 93–114. https://doi.org/10.37718/CSA.2019.05.Google Scholar
Martinon-Torres, M. and Killick, D.. 2015. Archaeological Theories and Archaeological Sciences. In Gardner et al. 2013–.Google Scholar
Marx, K. 1953. Grundrisse der Kritik der politischen Ökonomie: (Rohentwurf) 1857–1858: Anhang 1850–1859. Berlin: Dietz.Google Scholar
Marx, K. 1974. Grundrisse. Foundations of the Critique of Political Economy (Rough Draft). London: Penguin Books, in association with New Left Review.Google Scholar
Massy, K. et al. 2017. Patterns of Transformation from the Final Neolithic to the Early Bronze Age: A Case Study from the Lech Valley South of Augsburg. In Stockhammer, P. and Maran, J., eds., Appropriating Innovations. Entangled Knowledge In Eurasia 5000–1500 BC, 241–61. Oxford: Oxbow Books.Google Scholar
Mathieson, I. et al. 2018. The Genomic History of Southeastern Europe. Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature25778.Google Scholar
McCoy, M. D. 2017. Geospatial Big Data and Archaeology: Prospects and Problems Too Great to Ignore. Journal of Archaeological Science: 74–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2017.06.003.Google Scholar
McInerney, J., ed. 2014. A Companion to Ethnicity in the Ancient Mediterranean. Oxford: Wiley Blackwell.Google Scholar
Meyer, C. et al. 2018a. Early Neolithic Executions Indicated by Clustered Cranial Trauma in the Mass Grave of Halberstadt. Nature Communications 9: 2472. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-04773-w.Google Scholar
Meyer, C. et al. 2018b. Patterns of Collective Violence in the Early Neolithic of Central Europé. In Dolfini, A., Crellin, R. J., Horn, C., and Uckelmann, M., eds., Prehistoric Warfare and Violence. Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches, 21–38. Cham: Springer.Google Scholar
Mittnik, A. et al. 2019. Kinship-based Social Inequality in Bronze Age Europe. Science 366: 731–4. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aax6219.Google Scholar
Monroe, C. M. 2018. Marginalizing Civilization: The Phoenician Redefinition of Power circa 1300–800 BC. In Kristiansen, K., Lindkvist., T. and Myrdal, J., eds., Trade and Civilisation. Economic Networks and Cultural Ties, from Prehistory to the Early Modern Era, 195–241. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Montelius, O. 1884. Om våra förfäders invandring till Norden. Nordisk Tidskrift 1884: 21–36. In German by J. Mestorf (1888). Über die Einwanderung unserer Vorfahren in den Norden, 27: 151–60.Google Scholar
Montelius, O. 1885. Om tidsbestämning inom bronsåldern med särskildt afseende på Skandinavien. Kungl. Vitterhets Historie och Antikvitets Akademiens Handlingar 30. Stockholm.Google Scholar
Montelius, O. 1903. Die typologische Methode. In Die älteren Kulturperioden im Orient und in Europa. Stockholm.Google Scholar
Morgan, L. H. 1877. Ancient Society. London: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Muhl, A. et al. 2010. Tatort Eulau. Ein 4500 Jahre altes Verbrechen wird Aufgeklärt. Stuttgart: Theiss.Google Scholar
Müller, J. 2015. Eight Million Neolithic Europeans: Social Demography and Social Archaeology on the Scope of Change. From the Near East to Scandinavia. In Kristiansen, K. et al., eds., Paradigm Found. Archaeological Theory. Present, Past and Future. Essays in Honour of Neustupný, Evžen, 200–15. Oxford: Oxbow Books.Google Scholar
Müller, J. and Diachenko, A.. 2019. Tracing Long-Term Demographic Changes. The Issue of Spatial Scales. PLoS ONE 14: e0208739. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0208739.Google Scholar
Müller, J. and Vandkilde, H.. 2020. The Nordic Bronze Age Rose from Copper Age Diversity. In Austvoll, K. I. et al., eds., Contrasts of the Nordic Bronze Age. Essays in Honour of Christopher Prescott. The Archaeology of Northern Europe 1. Turnhout: Brepols.Google Scholar
Müller, J. et al., eds. 2016. Trypillia Mega-Sites and European Prehistory 4100–3400 BCE. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Müller, J., et al. 2018. The Social Constitution and Political Organization of Tripolye Mega-Sites: Hierarchy and Balance. In Meller, H. et al., eds., Surplus without the State. Political Forms in Prehistory. Tagungen des Landesmuseum für Voergeschichte Halle, Band 18. Halle: Landesmuseum für Voergeschichte Halle.Google Scholar
Müller-Karpe, H. 1985. Frauen des 13. Jahrhunderts v. Chr. Kulturgeschichte der Antiken Welt Band 26. Mainz: Phillip von Zabern.Google Scholar
Müller-Karpe, H. 2004. Zur religiösen Symbolik von bronzezeitlichen Trachtschmuck aus Mitteleuropa. Anados. Studies of the Ancient World 2003, 3: 145–54.Google Scholar
Münster, A. et al. 2018. 4000 Years of Human Dietary Evolution in Central Germany, from the First Farmers to the First Elites. PLoS ONE 13: e0194862. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0194862.Google Scholar
Narasimhan, V. et al. 2019. The Formation of Human Populations in South and Central Asia. Science 365. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aat7487.Google Scholar
Nebelsick, L. D. 2005. Ikonographie und Geschlecht: Bilinguale figürliche Darstellungen zwischen Nordischem Kreis und Mitteleuropa. In Hänsel, B. et al., eds., Interpretationsraum Bronzezeit. Bernhard Hänsel von seinen Schüler gewidmet, 575–98. Bonn: R. Habelt.Google Scholar
Neparáczki, E. et al. 2018. Mitogenomic Data Indicate Admixture Components of Central-Inner Asian and Srubnaya Origin in the Conquering Hungarians. PLoS ONE 13.10: e0205920. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0205920Google Scholar
Neparáczki, E. et al. 2019. Y-chromosome Haplogroups from Hun, Avar and Conquering Hungarian Period Nomadic People of the Carpathian Basin. Sci Rep 9: 16569. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-53105-5.Google Scholar
Nicolaisen, I., 1976. The Penan of the Seventh Division of Sarawak: Past, Present and Future. Sarawak Museum Journal 24.45 n.s: 35–61.Google Scholar
Nikitin, A. G. et al. 2019. Interactions between Earliest Linearbandkeramik Farmers and Central European Hunter Gatherers at the Dawn of European Neolithization. BioRxiv. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/741900.Google Scholar
Nilsson Stutz, L. 2018. A Future for Archaeology: In Defense of an Intellectually Engaged, Collaborative and Confident Archaeology. Norwegian Archaeological Review 51.1–2: 48–56. https://doi.org/10.1080/00293652.2018.1544168.Google Scholar
Odner, K. 2000. Tradition and Transmission. Bantu, Indo-European and Circumpolar Great Traditions. Bergen Studies in Social Anthropology 54. Bergen: Norse Publications.Google Scholar
Oestigaard, T. and Goldhahn, J.. 2006. From the Dead to the Living: Death as Transactions and Re-negotiations. Norwegian Archaeological Review 39(1): 27–48.Google Scholar
Olalde, I. et al. 2018. The Beaker Phenomenon and the Genomic Transformation of Northwest Europe. Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature25738.Google Scholar
Olsen, B. A. 2019. Aspects of Family Structure among the Indo-Europeans. In Olsen, B. A. et al., eds., Tracing the Indo-Europeans. New Evidence from Archaeology and Historical Linguistics, 145–64. Oxford: Oxbow Books.Google Scholar
Oma, K. and Goldhahn, J.. 2020. Introduction: Human–Animal Relationships from a Long-Term Perspective. Current Swedish Archaeology 28: 11–22.Google Scholar
Papac, L. et al. 2021. Dynamic Changes in Genomic and Social Structures in Third Millennium BCE Central Europe. Science Advances 7. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abi6941.Google Scholar
Paulsson, B. S. 2019. Radiocarbon Dates and Bayesian Modeling Support Maritime Diffusion Model for Megaliths in Europe. PNAS. www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1813268116.Google Scholar
Perry, S. and Taylor, J. S.. 2018. Theorising the Digital: A Call to Action for the Archaeological Community. In Matsumoto, M. and Uleberg, E., eds., Oceans of Data: Proceedings of the 44th Conference on Computer Applications and Quantitative Methods in Archaeology, 11–22. Oxford: Archaeopress. https://doi.org/10.1080/00934690.2021.1899889.Google Scholar
Price, D. et al. 2001. Prehistoric Human Migration in the Linearbandkeramik of Central Europe. Antiquity 75: 593–603.Google Scholar
Price, T. D. et al. 2017. Multi-isotope Proveniencing of Human Remains from a Bronze Age Battlefield in the Tollense Valley in Northeast Germany. Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences 11: 33–49. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12520-017-0529-y.Google Scholar
Przybyla, M. S. 2009. Intercultural Contacts in the Western Carpathian Area at the Turn of the 2nd and 1st Millennia BC. Warsaw: Narodowe Centrum Cultury.Google Scholar
Racimo, F. et al. 2020a. Beyond Broad Strokes: Sociocultural Insights from the Study of Ancient Genomes. Nature Reviews Genetics. https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.50029.Google Scholar
Racimo, F. et al. 2020b The Spatiotemporal Spread and Impact of Human Migrations during the European Holocene. PNAS 117.16: 8989–9000. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1920051117.Google Scholar
Rankin, H. D. 1987. Celts and the Classical World. London: Croom Helm and Sydney: Areopagitica Press.Google Scholar
Rascovan, N. et al. 2019. Emergence and Spread of Basal Lineages of Yersinia pestis during the Neolithic Decline. Cell 176: 295–305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2018.11.005.Google Scholar
Rasmussen, M. et al. 2010. Ancient human genome sequence of an extinct Palaeo- Eskimo. Nature Vol. 463:757–62.Google Scholar
Rasmussen, S. et al. 2015. Early Divergent Strains of Yersinia pestis in Eurasia 5,000 Years Ago. Cell. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2015.10.009.Google Scholar
Rebay-Salisbury, C. 2011. Thoughts in Circles. Kulturkreislehre as a Hidden Paradigm in Past and Present Archaeological Interpretations. In Roberts, B. and Linden, M. Vander, M., eds., Investigating Archaeological Cultures: Material Culture, Variability and Transmission, 41–60. Berlin: Springer.Google Scholar
Reher, G. S. and Fernández-Götz, M.. 2015 Archaeological Narratives in Ethnicity Studies. Archeologické rozhledy 67: 400–16.Google Scholar
Reich, D. 2018. Who We Are and How We Got Here. Ancient DNA and the New Science of the Human Past. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Renfrew, C. 1973. Before Civilization. The Radiocarbon Revolution and Prehistoric Europe. London: Jonathan Cape.Google Scholar
Renfrew, C. 1977. Space, Time and Polity. In Friedman, J. and Rowlands, M. J., eds., The Evolution of Social Systems, 89–114. London: Duckworth.Google Scholar
Renfrew, C. 1998. From Here to Ethnicity. In Hall, J., ed., Review Feature: Ethnic Identity in Greek Antiquity. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 8.2: 275–7.Google Scholar
Renfrew, C. 2000. Commodification and Institution in Group-Oriented and Individualizing Societies. In Runciman, W. G., ed., The Origin of Human Social Institutions, 93–117. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Ribeiro, A. 2019. Science, Data, and Case-Studies under the Third Science Revolution. Some Theoretical Considerations. Current Swedish Archaeology 27: 115–32. https://doi.org/10.37718/CSA.2019.06.Google Scholar
Roberts, B. and Linden, M. Vander, eds. 2011. Investigating Archaeological Cultures. Material Culture, Variability and Transmission. Berlin: Springer.Google Scholar
Roberts, N. et al. 2018. Europe’s Lost Forests. A Pollen-Based Synthesis for the Last 11, 000 Years. Nature Communications 8.716. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-18646-7.Google Scholar
Roberts, N. et al. 2019. Mediterranean Landscape Change during the Holocene: Synthesis, Comparison and Regional Trends in Population, Land Cover and Climate. The Holocene 29: 923–37. https://doi.org/10.1177/0959683619826697.Google Scholar
Rowlands, M. 1980. Kinship, Alliance and Exchange in the European Bronze Age. In Barrett, J. and Bradley, R., eds., Settlement and Society in the British Later Bronze Age, 15–55. BAR British Series 83. Oxford: Archaeopress.Google Scholar
Rowlands, M. and Fuller, D.. 2018. Deconstructing Civilisation: A “Neolithic” Alternative. In Kristiansen, K., Lindkvist, T., and Myrdal, J., eds., Trade and Civilisation. Economic Networks and Cultural Ties, from Prehistory to the Early Modern Era, 172–94. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Runciman, W. G., ed. 2001. The Origin of Human Social Institutions. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Sahlins, M. 1968. Tribesmen. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.Google Scholar
Sahlins, M. 1972. Stone Age Economics. Chicago: Aldine Atherton.Google Scholar
Sahlins, M. 2010. The Whole is a Part: Intercultural Politics of Order and Change. In Otto, T. and Bubandt, N., eds., Experiments in Holism: Theory and Practice in Contemporary Anthropology, 102–26. Wiley-Blackwell.Google Scholar
Samida, S. and Eggerts, M. K. H.. 2013. Archäologie und Naturwissenschaft? Eine Streitschrift. Berlin: Vergangenheitsverlage.Google Scholar
Sánchez-Quinto, F. et al. 2019. Megalithic Tombs in Western and Northern Neolithic Europe Were Linked to a Kindred Society. PNAS 116.19. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1818037116.Google Scholar
Schnapp, A. and Kristiansen, K. 1999. Discovering the Past. In Barker, G., ed., Companion Encyclopedia of Archaeology, 3–47. London: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.1080/03014460.2021.1942984.Google Scholar
Shanks, M. and Tilley, C.. 1987a. Re-constructing Archaeology. Theory and Practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Shanks, M. and Tilley, C.. 1987b. Social Theory and Archaeology. Oxford: Polity Press.Google Scholar
Shnirelman, V. A. 2001. The Value of the Past: Myths, Identity and Politics in Transcaucasia. Snri Ethnological Studies no 57. Osaka: National Museum of Ethnology.Google Scholar
Schroeder, H. et al. 2019. Blood Ties: Unravelling Ancestry and Kinship in a Late Neolithic Mass Grave. PNAS 116.22: 10705–10710. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1820210116.Google Scholar
Schwerin von Krosigk, H. 1982. Gustaf’ Kossinna. Der Nachlass. Versuch einer Analyse. Neumunster: Wachholtz.Google Scholar
Service, E. R. 1962. Primitive Social Organization. An Evolutionary Perspective. Studies in Anthropology. New York: Random House.Google Scholar
Service, E. R. 1975. Origins of the State and of Civilization. The Process of Cultural Evolution. New York: W. W. Norton.Google Scholar
Shennan, S. 1978. Archaeological “Cultures”: An Empirical Investigation. In Hodder, I., ed., The Spatial Organisation of Culture, 113–140. London: Duckworth.Google Scholar
Shennan, S., ed. 1989. Archaeological Approaches to Cultural Identity. London: Unwin Hyman.Google Scholar
Shennan, S. 2002. Genes, Memes and Human History. Darwinian Archaeology and Cultural Evolution. London: Thames & Hudson.Google Scholar
Shennan, S. 2018. The First Farmers of Europe. An Evolutionary Perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Shennan, S. et al. 2013. Regional Population Collapse Followed Initial Agriculture Booms in Mid-Holocene Europe. Nature Communications 4: 2486. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms3486.Google Scholar
Silliman, S. W. 2015. A Requiem for Hybridity? The Problem with Frankensteins, Purées, and Mules. Journal of Social Archaeology 15.3: 1–13.Google Scholar
Sinha, S. and Varma, R.. 2015. Marxism and Postcolonial Theory: What is Left of the Debate? Critical Sociology: 1–14.Google Scholar
Sjögren, K.-G. et al. 2009. Megaliths and Mobility in South-Western Sweden. Investigating Relationships between a Local Society and Its Neighbours Using Strontium Isotopes. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 28: 85–101.Google Scholar
Sjögren, K.-G. et al. 2016. Diet and Mobility in the Corded Ware of Central Europe. PloS ONE 11.5: e0155083. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0155083.Google Scholar
Sjögren, K.-G. et al. 2021. Kinship and Social Organization in Copper Age Europe. A Cross-Disciplinary Analysis of Archaeology, DNA, Isotopes, and Anthropology from Two Bell Beaker Cemeteries. Plos ONE.Google Scholar
Smith, M., ed. 2012. The Comparative Archaeology of Complex Societies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Snow, C. P. 1959. The Two Cultures and the Scientific Revolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Sørensen, T, F. 2017a. The Two Cultures and a World Apart: Archaeology and Science at a New Crossroads. Norwegian Archaeological Review 50.2. https://doi.org/10.1080/00293652.2017.1367031.Google Scholar
Sørensen, T. F. 2017b. Archaeological Paradigms: Pendulum or Wrecking Ball? Norwegian Archaeological Review 50.2 (a response to commentators). DOI: 10.1080/00293652.2017.1388274.Google Scholar
Sørensen, T. F. 2018. The Triviality of the New. Innovation and Impact in Archaeology and Beyond. Current Swedish Archaeology 26: 93–117.Google Scholar
Sorrano, G. et al. 2021. The Genetic and Cultural Impact of the Steppe Migration into Europe. Annals of Human Biology 48(3), 223–33. https://doi.org/10.1080/03014460.2021.1942984.Google Scholar
Sperber, L. 1999. Zu den Schwertgräbern im westlichen Kreis der Urnenfelderkultur: profane und religiöse Aspekte. In Eliten in der Bronzezeit. Ergebnisse zweier Kolloquien in Mainz und Athen, 605–60. Römisch-Gemanisches Zentralmuseum, Forschungsinstitut für Vor-und Frühgescichte. Bonn: Habelt.Google Scholar
Stig Sørensen, M. L. and Rebay-Salisbury, C.. 2008. Landscapes of the Body: Burials of the Middle Bronze Age in Hungary. European Journal of Archaeology 11(1): 49–74. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461957108101241.Google Scholar
Stockhammer, P.W. 2012. Conceptualizing Cultural Hybridization in Archaeology, 43–58. In Stockhammer, P. W., ed., Conceptualizing Cultural Hybridization: A Transdisciplinary Approach. New York: Springer.Google Scholar
Stockhammer, P. W. 2022. Fostering Women and Mobile Children in Final Neolithic and Early Bronze Age Central Europe. In Kristiansen, K., Kroonen, G., and Willerslev, E., eds., The Indo-European Puzzle Revisited. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Strien, H.-C. 2017. Group Affiliation and Mobility in the Linear Pottery Culture. In Scharl, S. and Gehlen, B., eds., Mobility in Prehistoric Sedentary Societies, 135–44. Rahden: Verlag Marie Leidorf.Google Scholar
Sugita, S. 2007. Theory of Quantitative Reconstruction of Vegetation I: Pollen from Large Sites REVEALS Regional Vegetation Composition. The Holocene 17.2: 229–41. https://doi.org/10.1177/0959683607075837.Google Scholar
Sykes, N. et al. 2019. Beyond Curse or Blessing: The Opportunities and Challenges of aDNA Analysis. World Archaeology 51.4: 503–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/00438243.2019.1741970.Google Scholar
Szécsényi-Nagy, A. et al. 2014. Ancient DNA Evidence for a Homogeneous Maternal Gene Pool in Sixth Millennium Cal BC Hungary and the Central European LBK. In Whittle, A. and Bickle, P., eds., Early Farmers. The View from Archaeology and Science. Proceedings of the British Academy 198, 71–93. Oxford: The British Academy and Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Szécsényi-Nagy, A. et al. 2015. Tracing the Genetic Origin of Europe’s First Farmers Reveals Insights into Their Social Organization. Proc. R. Soc. B 282: 20150339. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.0339Google Scholar
Tilley, C. 1994. A Phenomenology of Landscape. Places, Paths and Monuments. Oxford: Berg.Google Scholar
Toulmin, S. and Goodfield, J.. 1965. The Discovery of Time. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Tylor, E. B. 1871. Primitive Culture. Researches into the Development of Mythology, Philosophy, Religion, Art, and Custom. London: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Van Dommelen, P. 2005. Colonial Interactions and Hybrid Practices. Phoenician and Carthaginian Settlement in the Ancient Mediterranean. In Stein, G., ed., The Archaeology of Colonial Encounters: Comparative Perspectives, 109–41. School of American Research Advanced Seminars Series. Santa Fe, NM: School of American Research.Google Scholar
Van Dommelen, P. and Knapp, B., eds. 2010. Material Connections in the Ancient Mediterranean. Mobility, Materiality and Identity. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Vandkilde, H. 1999. Social Distinction and Ethnic Reconstruction in the Earliest Danish Bronze Age. In Eliten der Bronzezeit, 245–76. Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum Monografien Band 43.1. Bonn: R. Habelt.Google Scholar
Veeramah, K. R. 2018. The Importance of Fine-Scale Studies for Integrating Paleogenomics and Archaeology. Current Opinion in Genetics & Development 53: 83–9.Google Scholar
Veit, U. 1989. Ethnic Concepts in German Prehistory: A Case Study on the Relationship between Cultural Identity and Objectivity. In Shennan, S., ed., Archaeological Approaches to Cultural Identity, 35–56. London: Unwin and Hyman, Routledge.Google Scholar
Wahl, J. and Price, T. D.. 2013. Local and Foreign Males in a Late Bronze Age Cemetery at Neckarsuhm, Southwestern Germany: Strontium Isotope Investigations. Anthropologischer Anzeiger 70.3: 289–307.Google Scholar
Wels-Weyrauch, U. 1989. Mittelbronzezeitliche Frauentrachten in Süddeutschland (Beziehungen zur Hannover Gruppierung). In Dynamique du bronze moyen Europe occidentale, 119–33. Paris: CTHS Edition.Google Scholar
Wels-Weyrauch, U. 2011. Colliers nur zur Zierde? In Dietz, U. L. and Jockenhövel, A., eds., Bronzen in Spannungsfeld zwischen praktischer Nutzung und symbolischer Bedeutung. Praehistorische Bronzefunde Abteilung XX, 13. Band. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag.Google Scholar
White, H. 1987. The Content of the Form. Narrative Discourses and Historical Representation. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Wiegel, B. 1992–4. Trachtkreise im südlichen Hügelgräberbereich. Studien zur Beigabensitte der Mittelbronzezeit under besonderer Berücksichtigung forschungsgeschichtlicher Aspekte. Internationale Archäologie Band 5. Rahden: Verlag Marie Leidorf.Google Scholar
Wilkin, S. et al. 2021. Dairying Enabled Early Bronze Age Yamnanya Steppe Expansions. Nature: 1–5.Google Scholar
Witmore, T. 2014. Archaeology and the New Materialisms. Journal of Contemporary Archaeology 1.2: 203–46. www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1706416114.Google Scholar
Witzel, M. 2012. The Home of the Aryans. In Hinze, A. and Tichy, E., eds., Anusantatyi: Festschrift fuer Johanna Narten zum 70. Geburtstag. Münchener Studien zur Sprachwissenschaft, Beihefte NF 19, 283–338. Dettelbach: J. H. Roell.Google Scholar
Žegarac, A. et al. 2021. Ancient Genomes Provide Insights into Family Structure and the Heredity of Social Status in the Early Bronze Age of Southeastern Europe. Nature Scientific Reports 11: 10072. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-89090-x.Google Scholar

Save element to Kindle

To save this element to your Kindle, first ensure no-reply@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Archaeology and the Genetic Revolution in European Prehistory
Available formats
×

Save element to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Archaeology and the Genetic Revolution in European Prehistory
Available formats
×

Save element to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Archaeology and the Genetic Revolution in European Prehistory
Available formats
×