Element contents
Monotheism and Peacebuilding
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 06 February 2025
Summary
This Element addresses the opportunities and constraints operating on monotheistic peacebuilding, focusing on the three Abrahamic faiths, Christianity, Judaism, and Islam, which share a common origin. These opportunities and constraints are approached through what the volume calls 'the paradox of monotheism'. Monotheism is defined by belief in one omnipotent, benign, and loving God, but this God does not or cannot prevent violence, war, and conflict. Moreover, monotheism can actually promote conflict between the Abrahamic faiths, and with other world religions, giving us the puzzle of holy wars fought in God's name. The first section of the Element outlines the paradox of monotheism and its implications for monotheistic peacebuilding; the second section addresses the peacebuilding efforts of three Abrahamic monotheistic religions and the constraints that operate as a result of the paradox of monotheism. This paradox tends to limit monotheistic peacebuilding to inter-faith dialogue, which often does not go far enough.
- Type
- Element
- Information
- Online ISBN: 9781009342681Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication: 06 February 2025
References
Abu-Nimar, M. (2001) A Framework for Nonviolence and Peacebuilding in Islam. Journal of Law and Religion 15, 217–65.Google Scholar
Abu-Nimar, M. (2003) Nonviolence and Peacebuilding in Islam. Gainesville: University Press of Florida.Google Scholar
Abu-Nimar, M. (2013) Religion and Peacebuilding. In Mac Ginty, R. ed., Routledge Handbook of Peacebuilding. London: Routledge, pp. 69–80.Google Scholar
Abu-Nimar, M. (2022) Religion in Peacebuilding: An Emerging Force for Change. In Mitchell, J., Millar, S., Po, F., and Percy, M. eds., The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Religion and Peace. Chichester: Wiley Blackwell, pp. 562–72.Google Scholar
Abu-Nimar, M. and Augsburger, D. (2009) Peace Building By, Between and Beyond Muslims and Evangelical Christians. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.Google Scholar
Abu-Nimar, M., Khoury, A., and Welty, M. (2007) Unity and Diversity: Inter-Faith Dialogue in the Middle East. Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace.Google Scholar
Afrini, M. R. (2019) Religious Peacebuilding in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Brussels: Peter Lang.Google Scholar
Ahmed, M. and Rae, J. D. (2022) Women’s Empowerment and Peacebuilding in an Islamic Context. In Mitchell, J., Millar, S., Po, F., and Percy, M. eds., The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Religion and Peace. Chichester: Wiley Blackwell, pp. 101–11.Google Scholar
Anand, D. (2011) Hindu Nationalism in India and the Politics of Fear. London: Palgrave.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Appleby, S. (2012) Religious Violence: The Strong, the Weak, and the Pathological. Practical Matters 5, 1–25.Google Scholar
Appleby, S. (2015a) Religious Violence: The Strong, Weak and Pathological. In Omer, A., Appleby, S., and Little, D. eds., The Oxford Handbook of Religion, Conflict and Peacebuilding. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 33–60.Google Scholar
Appleby, S. (2015b) The New Name for Peace? Religion and Development as Partners in Strategic Peacebuilding. In Omer, A., Appleby, S., and Little, D. eds., The Oxford Handbook of Religion, Conflict and Peacebuilding. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 183–211.Google Scholar
Appleby, S. (2022) Ambivalence, Diversity and the Possibility of Religious Peacebuilding. In Mitchell, J., Millar, S., Po, F., and Percy, M. eds., The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Religion and Peace. Chichester: Wiley Blackwell, pp. 462–71.Google Scholar
Armstrong, K. (2014) Fields of Blood: Religion and the History of Violence. London: Vintage.Google Scholar
Arterbon, S. and Fleton, J. (2001) Toxic Faith. Colorado Springs, CO: WaterBrook and Multnomah.Google Scholar
Atack, I. (2005) The Ethics of Peace and War. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Axelrod, A. and Phillips, C. (2004) Encyclopaedia of Wars. New York: Facts on File Publishers.Google Scholar
Barnes, I. P. (2005) Was the Northern Irish Conflict Religious? Journal of Contemporary Religion 20, 55–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benthall, J. (1997) The Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement and Islamic Societies, with Special Reference to Jordan. British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies 24, 157–77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bettiza, G. (2019) Finding Faith in Foreign Policy. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blythe, J. and Gamble, R. (2022) Contemporary Buddhist Peace Movements. In Mitchell, J., Millar, S., Po, F., and Percy, M. eds., The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Religion and Peace. Chichester: Wiley Blackwell, pp. 275–88.Google Scholar
Brewer, J. D. (2003) C Wright Mills and the Ending of Violence. London: Palgrave.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brewer, J. D. (2007) Sociology and Theology Reconsidered: Religious Sociology and Sociology of Religion in Britain. Journal of the History of Human Sciences 20(2), 7–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brewer, J. D. (2010) Peace Processes: A Sociological Approach. Cambridge: Polity Press.Google Scholar
Brewer, J. D. (2013) The Public Value of the Social Sciences. London: Bloomsbury Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brewer, J. D. (2015) Northern Ireland: Religion, Religiosity and Politics in a Changing Society. In Hunt, S. ed., Global Handbook of Contemporary Christianity. Leiden: Brill, pp. 208–27.Google Scholar
Brewer, J. D. (2019) The Public Value of the Sociology of Religion. In Lindgreen, A., Koenig-Lewis, N., Kitchener, M., et al. eds., Public Value: Deepening, Enriching and Broadening the Theory and the Practice. London: Routledge, pp. 222–35.Google Scholar
Brewer, J. D. (2021a) Religious Contributions to Peace in Northern Ireland: The Case of the Redemptorists. In Wijesinghe, S. L. and Silva, R. eds., Dynamics of Mission: Essays in Honor of Oswald B. Firth. Colombo: Centre for Religion and Society, pp. 77–92.Google Scholar
Brewer, J. D. (2021b) Religion and Peacebuilding. In Richmond, O. and Visoka, G. eds., The Oxford Handbook of Peacebuilding, Statebuilding and Peace Formation. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 520–31.Google Scholar
Brewer, J. D. (2022a) An Advanced Introduction to the Sociology of Peace Processes. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.Google Scholar
Brewer, J. D. (2022b) Sociological Conceptualizations of Religion and Peacebuilding. In Mitchell, J., Millar, S., Po, F., and Percy, M. eds., The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Religion and Peace. Chichester: Wiley Blackwell, pp. 497–508.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brewer, J. D., Hayes, B. C., Teeney, F., et al. (2018) The Sociology of Everyday Life Peacebuilding. London: Palgrave.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brewer, J. D. and Higgins, G. (1998) Anti-Catholicism in Ireland 1600–1998. London: Palgrave.Google Scholar
Brewer, J. D. and Higgins, G. (1999) Understanding Anti-Catholicism in Northern Ireland. Sociology 33, 235–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brewer, J., Higgins, G., and Teeney, F. (2010) Religious Peacemaking: A Conceptualisation. Sociology 44, 1019–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brewer, J. D., Higgins, G. and Teeney, F. (2011) Religion, Civil Society and Peace in Northern Ireland. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brewer, J. D., Mitchell, D. and Leavey, G. (2013) Ex-Combatants, Religion and Peace in Northern Ireland. London: Palgrave.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brewer, J. D. and Teeney, F. (2015) Religion, Violence, Tolerance and Peace in Northern Ireland. In Brunn, S. ed., The Changing World Religion Map. New York: Springer, pp. 3649–68.Google Scholar
Brewer, J. D. and Wahidin, A. (2021) Eds. Ex-Combatants’ Voices. London: Palgrave.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brudholm, T. and Cushman, T. (2009) Eds. The Religious in Response to Mass Atrocity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cejka, M. and Bamat, T. (2003) Eds. Artisans of Peace: Grassroots Peacemaking among Christian Communities. Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books.Google Scholar
Chaves, J. (2015) Latin American Liberation Theology. In Hunt, S. ed., Handbook of Global Christianity. Leiden: Brill, pp. 113–30.Google Scholar
Clarke, S. (2014) The Justification of Religious Violence. Oxford: Wiley Blackwell.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coward, H. and Smith, G. (2004) Eds. Religion and Peacebuilding. New York: State University of New York Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dilley, F. (2000) A Finite God Reconsidered. International Journal of the Philosophy of Religion 47, 29–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eisen, R. (2011) The Peace and Violence of Judaism. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fair, C. and Patel, P. (2019) Explaining Why Some Muslims Support Islamic Political Violence. Political Science Quarterly 134(2), pp. 245–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Firestone, R. (1996) Conceptions of Holy War in Biblical and Quranic Tradition. Journal of Religious Ethics 21(4), 99–123.Google Scholar
Firestone, R. (2012) Holy War in Judaism: The Fall and Rise of a Controversial Idea. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Freedman, M. (2019) Fighting from the Pulpit: Religious Leaders and Violent Conflict in Israel. Journal of Conflict Resolution 63(10), 2262–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ganiel, G. (2008) Evangelism and Conflict in Northern Ireland. London: Palgrave.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ganiel, G. (2019) Unity Pilgrims: The Life of Fr Gerry Reynolds CSsR. Dublin: Redemptorist Communications.Google Scholar
Ganiel, G. (2021) Protestants and Peacebuilding. In Coquelin, O., Bastiat, B., and Healy, F. eds., Northern Ireland. Brussels: Peter Lang, pp. 97–116.Google Scholar
Ganiel, G. and Yohannis, J. (2019) Considering Grace: Presbyterians and the Troubles. Dublin: Merrion Press.Google Scholar
Ganiel, G. and Yohannis, J. (2022) Presbyterians, Forgiveness and Dealing with the Past in Northern Ireland. Religions 13(1), 41, at https://doi.org/10.3390/rel13010041.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gentile, E. (2006) Politics as Religion. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gentile, E. and Mallett, R. (2000) The Sacralisation of Politics. Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions 1(1), 18–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ghannoushi, S. (2011) The Propagation of Neo-Orientalism. Al Jazeera, 27 January, www.ljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/20112611591745716.html.Google Scholar
Gopin, M. (1994) Is There a Jewish God of Peace? In Polner, M. and Goodman, N. eds., The Challenge of Shalom. Philadelphia, PA: New Society, pp. 32–9.Google Scholar
Gopin, M. (2000) Between Eden and Armageddon: The Future of World Religions, Violence and Peacemaking. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gopin, M. (2002) Holy War, Holy Peace: How Religion Can Bring Peace to the Middle East. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gopin, M. (2003) Judaism and Peacebuilding in the Context of Middle East Conflict. In Johnston, D. ed., Faith Based Diplomacy. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 106–18.Google Scholar
Gopin, M. (2004) Judaism and Peacebuilding. In Coward, H. and Smith, G. eds., Religion and Peacebuilding. New York: State University of New York Press, pp. 111–28.Google Scholar
Gopin, M. (2009) To Make the Earth Whole: The Art of Citizen Diplomacy in an Age of Religious Militancy. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield.Google Scholar
Gopin, M. (2012) Bridges across an Impossible Divide. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gopin, M. (2015) Negotiating Secular and Religious Contributions to Social Change and Peacebuilding. In Omer, A., Appleby, S., and Little, D. eds., The Oxford Handbook of Religion, Conflict and Peacebuilding. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 355–79.Google Scholar
Gopin, M. (2016) Healing the Heart of Conflict. Scotts Valley, CA: CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.Google Scholar
Gopin, M. (2017) Compassionate Judaism. Scotts Valley, CA: CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.Google Scholar
Gopin, M. (2022) Compassionate Reasoning: Changing the Mind to Change the World. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gorski, P., Perry, S., and Tisby, J. (2022) The Flag and the Cross. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Griffin, D. R. and Cobb, J. B. (1976) Process Theology. Philadelphia, PA: Westminster Press.Google Scholar
Hadley, M. (2001) The Spiritual Roots of Restorative Justice. Albany: State University of New York Press.Google Scholar
Hayes, J. D. (1952) A Study of the Finite God of Edgar Sheffield Brightman. Loyola University MA Thesis. Paper 1040. http://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_theses/1040.Google Scholar
Haynes, J. (2009) Conflict, Conflict Resolution and Peacebuilding: The Role of Religion in Mozambique, Nigeria and Cambodia. Commonwealth and Comparative Politics 47(1), 52–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haynes, J. (2022) International Relations, Religion and Peace. In Mitchell, J., Millar, S., Po, F., and Percy, M. eds., The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Religion and Peace. Chichester: Wiley Blackwell, pp. 475–84.Google Scholar
Hayward, S. (2015) Women, Religion and Peacebuilding. In Omer, A., Appleby, S., and Little, D. eds., The Oxford Handbook of Religion, Conflict and Peacebuilding. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 307–32.Google Scholar
Hayward, S. and Marshall, K. (2015) Eds. Women, Religion and Peacebuilding: Illuminating the Unseen. Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press.Google Scholar
Hoover, D. and Johnston, D. (2012) Eds. Religion and Foreign Affairs. Waco, TX: Baylor University Press.Google Scholar
Hughes, M. (2008) Methodism, Peace and War in the Twentieth Century. Norwich: Methodist.Google Scholar
Isaacs, M. (2016) Sacred Violence or Strategic Faith? Disentangling the Relationship between Religion and Violence in Armed Conflict. Journal of Peace Research 53(2), 211–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jakelić, S. (2015) Secular-Religious Encounters in Peacebuilding. In Omer, A., Appleby, S., and Little, D. eds., The Oxford Handbook of Religion, Conflict and Peacebuilding. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 124–45.Google Scholar
Jerryson, M., Juergensmeyer, M., and Kitts, M. (2013) Eds. Oxford Handbook of Religion and Violence. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johns, J. (1992) Christianity and Islam. In McManners, J. ed., The Oxford Illustrated History of Christianity. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 163–95.Google Scholar
Johnston, D. (2011) Religion, Terror and Error. Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger Publications.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnston, D. and Sampson, C. (1994) Eds. Religion: The Missing Dimension in Statecraft. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Juergensmeyer, M. (2000) Terror in the Mind of God. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Kadayifci-Orellana, S. A. (2015) Peacebuilding in the Muslim World. In Omer, A., Appleby, S., and Little, D. eds., The Oxford Handbook of Religion, Conflict and Peacebuilding. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 430–69.Google Scholar
Karem, A. (2022) Genocide Prevention, Religion and Development. In Mitchell, J., Millar, S., Po, F., and Percy, M. eds., The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Religion and Peace. Chichester: Wiley Blackwell, pp. 530–40.Google Scholar
Kelly, G. (2021) Reconciliation and Peacebuilding. In Richmond, O. and Visoka, G. eds., The Oxford Handbook of Peacebuilding, Statebuilding and Peace Formation. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 506–19.Google Scholar
King, A. (2022) Hinduism: The Culture of Peace and the Ethics of War. In Mitchell, J., Millar, S., Po, F., and Percy, M. eds., The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Religion and Peace. Chichester: Wiley Blackwell, pp. 197–2015.Google Scholar
Kirby, D. (2021) Religious Women and the Northern Ireland Troubles. Journal of Religious History 45(3), 412–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kurtz, L. R. and Smithey, L. (2018) Eds. The Paradox of Repression and Nonviolent Movements. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lederach, J. P. (1997) Building Peace. Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press.Google Scholar
Lederach, J. P. (1999a) Justpeace: The Challenge of the 21st Century. In van Tongeren, P. ed., People Building Peace. Utrecht: European Centre for Conflict Prevention, pp. 27–36.Google Scholar
Lederach, J. P. (1999b) The Journey toward Reconciliation. Harrisonburg, VA: Herald Press.Google Scholar
Lederach, J. P. (2002) A Handbook of International Peacebuilding. Indianapolis, IN: Jossey-Bass.Google Scholar
Lederach, J. P. (2005) The Moral Imagination. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lederach, J. P. (2015) Spirituality and Religious Peacebuilding. In Omer, A., Appleby, S., and Little, D. eds., The Oxford Handbook of Religion, Conflict and Peacebuilding. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 541–68.Google Scholar
Lederach, J. P. (2022) Peacebuilding and Religion. In Mitchell, J., Millar, S., Po, F., and Percy, M. eds., The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Religion and Peace. Chichester: Wiley Blackwell, pp. 63–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leiden, K. (2021) The Ethics of Liberal Peacebuilding. In Richmond, O. and Visoka, G. eds., The Oxford Handbook of Peacebuilding, Statebuilding and Peace Formation. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 42–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
LiVecche, M. and Biggar, N. (2022) Just War, Critique and Conscientious Objection. In Mitchell, J., Millar, S., Po, F., and Percy, M. eds., The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Religion and Peace. Chichester: Wiley Blackwell, pp. 405–16.Google Scholar
Love, M. C. (2022) Just Peace: From Versailles to Today. In Mitchell, J., Millar, S., Po, F., and Percy, M. eds., The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Religion and Peace. Chichester: Wiley Blackwell, pp. 417–27.Google Scholar
Mac Ginty, R. and Richmond, O. (2013) The Local Turn in Peace Building: A Critical Agenda for Peace. Third World Quarterly 34(5), 763–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mamdani, M. (2002) Good Muslims, Bad Muslims: A Political Perspective on Culture and Terrorism. American Anthropologist 104(3), 766–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Margalit, A. (2010) On Compromise and Rotten Compromises. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Markham, I. (2022) Relationships between Religion and Peace. In Mitchell, J., Millar, S., Po, F., and Percy, M. eds., The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Religion and Peace. Chichester: Wiley Blackwell, pp. 39–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCarthy, E. S. (2022) Religious Warrants: Virtue, Nonviolence and Just Peace. In Mitchell, J., Millar, S., Po, F., and Percy, M. eds., The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Religion and Peace. Chichester: Wiley Blackwell, pp. 428–37.Google Scholar
McKay, S. (2000) Northern Protestants: An Unsettled People. Belfast: Blackstaff Press.Google Scholar
McKeever, M. (2017) One Man, One God: The Peace Ministry of Fr Alec Reid. Dublin: Redemptorist Communications.Google Scholar
Mitchell, C. (2006) The Religious Content of Ethnic Identities. Sociology 40, 1135–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mitchell, J., King, A., Haywood, S., et al. (2022) World Religions and Peace. In Mitchell, J., Millar, S., Po, F., and Percy, M. eds., The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Religion and Peace. Chichester: Wiley Blackwell, pp. 21–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mitchell, J., Millar, S., Po, F., and Percy, M. (2022) Eds. The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Religion and Peace. Chichester: Wiley Blackwell.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mitchell, J. and Ray, J. (2021) War and Religion: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morrow, W. (1998) Toxic Religion and the Daughters of Job. Studies in Religion 27(3), 263–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murphy, A. (2011) Ed. The Blackwell Companion to Religion and Violence. Oxford: Blackwell.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ngo, T., Yu, D. S., and Van Der Veer, P. (2015) Religion and Peace in Asia. In Omer, A., Appleby, S., and Little, D. eds., The Oxford Handbook of Religion, Conflict and Peacebuilding. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 407–29.Google Scholar
Nicosia, P. S. (2017) Faith-Based Peacebuilding: Insights from the Three Main Monotheisms. Athens Journal of Social Science 4(1), 7–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ochs, P. (2015) The Possibility and Limits of Interreligious Dialogue. In Omer, A., Appleby, S., and Little, D. eds., The Oxford Handbook of Religion, Conflict and Peacebuilding. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 488–515.Google Scholar
Omer, A. (2020) Decolonizing Religion and Peacebuilding. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Omer, A., Appleby, S., and Little, D. (2015) Eds. The Oxford Handbook of Religion, Conflict and Peacebuilding. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Orsi, R. (2022) The Study of Religion on the Other Side of the Good Religion/Bad Religion Binary. Journal of Religious Ethics 50(2), 312–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Philpott, D. (2006) The Politics of Past Evil. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press.Google Scholar
Philpott, D. (2007a) What Religion Brings to Restorative Justice. Journal of International Affairs 61, 93–110.Google Scholar
Philpott, D. (2007b) Explaining the Political Ambivalence of Religion. American Political Science Review 103, 516–28.Google Scholar
Philpott, D. (2009) When Faith Meets History: The Influence of Religion in Transitional Justice. In Brudholm, T. and Cushman, T. eds. The Religious in Response to Mass Atrocity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 174–212.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Philpott, D. (2015) Reconciliation, Politics and Transitional Justice. In Omer, A., Appleby, S., and Little, D. eds., The Oxford Handbook of Religion, Conflict and Peacebuilding. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 335–54.Google Scholar
Richmond, O. and Mac Ginty, R. (2014) Where Now for the Critique of the Liberal Peace? Cooperation and Conflict 50(2), 171–89.Google Scholar
Ruane, J. and Todd, J. (1996) The Dynamics of Conflict in Northern Ireland. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sadeghi-Boroujerdi, E. (2023) Iran’s Uprisings for ‘Women, Life, Freedom’. Politics, published online first 23 March at https://doi.org/10.1177/026339572311159351.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sampson, C. and Lederach, J. P. (2000) Eds. From the Ground Up: Mennonite Contributions to International Peacebuilding. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sandal, N. (2022) Religious Leaders and Peace. In Mitchell, J., Millar, S., Po, F., and Percy, M. eds., The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Religion and Peace. Chichester: Wiley Blackwell, pp. 552–61.Google Scholar
Schlack, A. (2009) The Role of Religion in Peacebuilding and Conflict Resolution. Saarbrucken: Verlag Dr Muller (VDM).Google Scholar
Schreiter, R., Appleby, S., and Powers, G. (2010) Eds. Peacebuilding: Catholic Theology, Ethics and Praxis. Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books.Google Scholar
Scull, M. (2023) The Northern Ireland Reconciliation Bill Highlights the Complicated Role of Catholic Church during the Troubles. The Conversation, 4 January, Accessible online at https://theconversation.com/northern-ireland-reconciliation-bill-highlights-complicated-role-of-catholic-church-during-the-troubles).Google Scholar
Segell, G. (2023) An Alternative View of the Israel-Palestine Dispute: The Eschatological Dimension. Journal of the Centre of Middle Eastern Studies 16(1), 1–11.Google Scholar
Smithey, L. (2011) Unionists, Loyalists, and Conflict Transformation in Northern Ireland. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smock, D. (2001) Faith Based NGOs and International Peacebuilding. Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press.Google Scholar
Smock, D. (2002) Interfaith Dialogue and Peacebuilding. Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press.Google Scholar
Smock, D. (2006) Religious Contributions to Peacemaking. Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press.Google Scholar
Smock, D. (2008) Religion in World Affairs. Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press.Google Scholar
Steen-Johnsen, T. (2017) State and Politics in Religious Peacebuilding. London: Palgrave.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tabaar, M. A., Huang, R., Chandra, K., et al. (2023) How Religious Are ‘Religious’ Conflicts? International Studies Review 25(3), 1–30. published first online at https://doi.org/10.1093/isr/viad027.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taliep, N., Lazarus, S., Seedat, M., and Cochrane, J. (2016) The Role of Religious Leaders in Anti-apartheid Mobilisation. Religion, State and Society 44(4), 331–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tarusarira, J. (2015) Christianity, Resistance and Conflict Resolution in Zimbabwe. In Hunt, S. ed., Handbook of Global Christianity. Leiden: Brill, pp. 266–84.Google Scholar
Torrance, A. (2006) The Theological Grounds for Advocating Forgiveness in the Sociopolitical Realm. Belfast: Centre for Contemporary Christianity.Google Scholar
Turner, C. (2021) Transitional Justice and Peacebuilding. In Richmond, O. and Visoka, G. eds., The Oxford Handbook of Peacebuilding, Statebuilding and Peace Formation. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 488–505.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Twiss, S., Simon, M. G., and Petersen, R. (2015) Eds. Religion and Public Policy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Valentine, L. (2013) Quakers, War and Peacemaking. In Angell, S. and Dandelion, B. P. eds., Oxford Handbook of Quaker Studies. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 363–76.Google Scholar
Vencatsamy, B. (2024) The World Religions Paradigm: Why Context Matters in Religious Studies. Critical Research in Religion 12(1), 12–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whitnall, C. (2022) In the Presence of Whose Enemies? Journal of the Centre for the Study of Bible and Violence 1(1), 6–42.Google Scholar
Wijesignhe, S. L. and Brewer, J. D. (2018) Peace Religiosity and Forgiveness among War Victims in Sri Lanka. In Brewer, J. D., Hayes, B. C., and Teeney, F. eds., The Sociology of Compromise after Conflict. London: Palgrave, pp. 129–55.Google Scholar
Wijesignhe, S. L. and Silva, R. (2021) Eds. Dynamics of Mission: Essays in Honor of Oswald B. Firth OMI. Colombo: Centre for Religion and Society.Google Scholar
Wolterstorff, N. (2008) Justice, Rights and Wrongs. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yazdani, A. (2020) The Culture of Peace and Religious Tolerance from an Islamic Perspective. Veritas 47, published online at http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/SO18-927320200000300151.Google Scholar