Element contents
Series: Elements in Pragmatics
Pragmatics in the Health Sciences
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 06 February 2025
Summary
This Element aims to address a gap in the literature at the intersection of linguistics, particularly pragmatics, and health sciences, such as speech and language pathology. The first section introduces the application of pragmatics concepts in healthcare and neuroscience. Section 2 discusses the development of pragmatic abilities in childhood, focusing on pragmatic communication disorder. Section 3 reviews studies on pragmatic abilities in adolescents, adults, and clinical populations, including assessments of pragmatic skills in ageing. Section 4 broadens the scope by exploring pragmatic impairments in new populations. The final section reflects on the importance of pragmatics in healthcare practice, introducing studies on mental health and intercultural pragmatics. Each section proposes discussion points to contextualise the research within debates on health pragmatics. The Element also includes a glossary (available as online supplementary material) to assist interdisciplinary audiences in understanding clinical pragmatics terminology.
- Type
- Element
- Information
- Series: Elements in PragmaticsOnline ISBN: 9781009496018Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication: 06 February 2025
References
Ackerman, B. P. (1983). Form and function in children’s understanding of ironic utterances. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 35(3), 487–508. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0965(83)90023-1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Adesope, O. O., Lavin, T., Thompson, T., & Ungerleider, C. (2010). A systematic review and meta-analysis of the cognitive correlates of bilingualism. Review of Educational Research, 80(2), 207–245. https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543103688.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Adornetti, I., Chiera, A., Altavilla, D. et al. (2021). Self-projection in middle childhood: A study on the relationship between theory of mind and episodic future thinking. Cognitive Processing, 22, 321–332. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10339-021-01013-w.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Afful-Dadzie, E., Afful-Dadzie, A., & Egala, S. B. (2023). Social media in health communication: A literature review of information quality. Health Information Management Journal, 52(1), 3–17. https://doi.org/10.1177/1833358321992683.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Amanzio, M., Geminiani, G., Leotta, D., & Cappa, S. (2008). Metaphor comprehension in Alzheimer’s disease: Novelty matters. Brain and Language, 107(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandl.2007.08.003.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
American Psychiatric Association (APA), DSM-5 Task Force. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-5 (5th ed.). Arlington: American Psychiatric Association. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association. (2022). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed., text rev.). Arlington: American Psychiatric Association. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787.Google Scholar
Anderson, K. K., Khan, J. A., Edwards, J. et al. (2024). Lost in translation? Deciphering the role of language differences in the excess risk of psychosis among migrant groups. Psychological Medicine, 54(11), 3063–3070. https://doi.org/10.1017/S003329172400117X.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Andrés-Roqueta, C., & Katsos, N. (2020). A distinction between linguistic and social pragmatics helps the precise characterization of pragmatic challenges in children with autism spectrum disorders and developmental language disorder. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 63(5), 1494–1508.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Angeleri, R., Bosco, F. M., Zettin, M., Sacco, K., Colle, L., & Bara, B. G. (2008). Communicative impairment in traumatic brain injury: A complete pragmatic assessment. Brain and Language, 107(3), 229–245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandl.2008.01.002.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Angeleri, R., Gabbatore, I., Bosco, F. M., Sacco, K., & Colle, L. (2016). Pragmatic abilities in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder: A study with the ABaCo battery. Minerva Psichiatrica, 57(3), 93–103. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:150287927.Google Scholar
Arcara, G., & Bambini, V. (2016). A test for the Assessment of Pragmatic Abilities and Cognitive Substrates (APACS): Normative data and psychometric properties. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00070.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Arrondo, G., Sepulcre, J., Duque, B., Toledo, J., & Villoslada, P. (2010). Narrative speech is impaired in multiple sclerosis. The European Neurological Journal, 2(1), 11–40.Google Scholar
Arvidsson, C., Pagmar, D., & Uddén, J. (2022). When did you stop speaking to yourself? Age-related differences in adolescents’ world knowledge-based audience design. Royal Society Open Science, 9(11), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.220305.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Asaridou, S. S., Demir-Lira, Ö. E., Uddén, J., Goldin-Meadow, S., & Small, S. L. (2019). Pragmatic language processing in the adolescent brain. BioRxiv, 871343. https://doi.org/10.1101/871343.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Austin, J. L. (1975). How to Do Things with Words. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bambini, V., Arcara, G., Martinelli, I. et al. (2016). Communication and pragmatic breakdowns in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients. Brain and Language, 153, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandl.2015.12.002.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bambini, V., Bischetti, L., Bonomi, C. G. et al. (2020a). Beyond the motor account of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Verbal humour and its relationship with the cognitive and pragmatic profile. International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders, 55(5), 751–764. https://doi.org/10.1111/1460-6984.12561.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bambini, V., Gentili, C., Ricciardi, E., Bertinetto, P. M., & Pietrini, P. (2011). Decomposing metaphor processing at the cognitive and neural level through functional magnetic resonance imaging. Brain Research Bulletin, 86(3–4), 203–216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainresbull.2011.07.015.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bambini, V., Van Looy, L., Demiddele, K., & Schaeken, W. (2021). What is the contribution of executive functions to communicative-pragmatic skills? Insights from aging and different types of pragmatic inference. Cognitive Processing, 22(3), 435–452. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10339-021-01021-w.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bambini, V., Tonini, E., Ceccato, I. et al. (2020b). How to improve social communication in aging: Pragmatic and cognitive interventions. Brain and Language, 211, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandl.2020.104864.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Banasik, N., & Podsiadło, K. (2016). Comprehension of ironic utterances by bilingual children. Psychology of Language and Communication, 20(3), 316–335. https://doi.org/10.1515/plc-2016-0019.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barnett, M. D., Smith, L. N., Sandlin, A. M., & Coldiron, A. M. (2023). Loneliness and off-topic verbosity among young adults and older adults. Psychological Reports, 126(2), 641–655. https://doi.org/10.1177/00332941211058045.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baron-Cohen, S., Leslie, A. M., & Frith, U. (1985). Does the autistic child have a ‘theory of mind’? Cognition, 21(1), 37–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bates, E., Camaioni, L., & Volterra, V. (1975). The acquisition of performatives prior to speech. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly of Behavior and Development, 21(3), 205–226. www.jstor.org/stable/23084619.Google Scholar
Bedrosian, J. L. (1993). Making minds meet: Assessment of conversational topic in adults with mild to moderate mental retardation. Topics in Language Disorders, 13(3), 36–46. https://doi.org/10.1097/00011363-199305000-00006.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bernstein, D. M., Thornton, W. L., & Sommerville, J. A. (2011). Theory of mind through the ages: Older and middle-aged adults exhibit more errors than do younger adults on a continuous false belief task. Experimental Aging Research, 37(5), 481–502. https://doi.org/10.1080/0361073X.2011.619466.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Biber, D., Connor, U. & Upton, T. A. (2007). Discourse on the Move: Studies in Corpus Linguistics, 28, Amsterdam: John Benjamins, p. 289.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bickmore, T., Trinh, H., Asadi, R., & Olafsson, S. (2018). Safety first: Conversational agents for health care. In Moore, R., Szymanski, M., Arar, R., & Ren, G. J. (Eds.), Studies in Conversational UX Design: Human–Computer Interaction Series, Cham: Springer, pp. 33–57. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95579-7_3.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bischetti, L., Ceccato, I., Lecce, S., Cavallini, E., & Bambini, V. (2023). Pragmatics and theory of mind in older adults’ humor comprehension. Current Psychology, 42(19), 16191–16207. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-019-00295-w.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bischetti, L., Frau, F., & Bambini, V. (2024). Neuropragmatics. In Ball, M. J., Müller, N., & Spencer, L. (Eds.), Handbook of Clinical Linguistics (2nd ed.), Hoboken: Wiley Blackwell, pp. 41–54.Google Scholar
Bishop, D. V. (2006). Children’s communication checklist – 2nd ed.: CCC-2. San Antonio: Harcourt Assessment.Google Scholar
Bishop, D. V. (2014). Pragmatic language impairment: A correlate of SLI, a distinct subgroup, or part of the autistic continuum? In Bishop, D. V., & Leonard, L. B. (Eds.), Speech and Language Impairments in Children: Causes, Characteristics, Intervention and Outcome, Philadelphia: Psychology Press, pp. 99–113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bitsko, R. H., Claussen, A. H., Lichstein, J. et al. (2022). Mental health surveillance among children – United States, 2013–2019. MMWR Supplements, 71(2), 1–42.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bohn, M., & Frank, M. C. (2019). The pervasive role of pragmatics in early language. Annual Review of Developmental Psychology, 1, 223–249. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-devpsych-121318-085037.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bohn, M., Tessler, M. H., Kordt, C., Hausmann, T., & Frank, M. C. (2023). An individual differences perspective on pragmatic abilities in the preschool years. Developmental Science, 26, e13401. https://doi.org/10.1111/desc.13401.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bosco, F. M., Angeleri, R., Sacco, K., & Bara, B. G. (2015). Explaining pragmatic performance in traumatic brain injury: A process perspective on communicative errors. International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders, 50(1), 63–83. https://doi.org/10.1111/1460-6984.12114.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bosco, F. M., Angeleri, R., Zuffranieri, M., Bara, B. G., & Sacco, K. (2012). Assessment battery for communication: Development of two equivalent forms. Journal of Communication Disorders, 45(4), 290–303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcomdis.2012.03.002.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bosco, F. M., & Bucciarelli, M. (2008). Simple and complex deceits and ironies. Journal of Pragmatics, 40(4), 583–607. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2007.05.004.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bosco, F. M., Gabbatore, I., & Tirassa, M. (2014). A broad assessment of theory of mind in adolescence: The complexity of mindreading. Consciousness and Cognition, 24, 84–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2014.01.003.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bott, L., & Noveck, I. A. (2004). Some utterances are underinformative: The onset and time course of scalar inferences. Journal of Memory and Language, 51(3), 437–457. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2004.05.006.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bromberek-Dyzman, K., & Rataj, K. (2016). Irony comprehension in the nonnative language comes at a cost. Psychology of Language and Communication, 20(3), 336–353. https://doi.org/10.1515/plc-2016-0020.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bruner, J. S. (1975). The ontogenesis of speech acts. Journal of Child Language, 2(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305000900000866.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bullo, S. (2020). ‘I feel like I’m being stabbed by a thousand tiny men’: The challenges of communicating endometriosis pain. Health, 24(5), 476–492. https://doi.org/10.1177/1363459318817943.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Campanha, A. C., Lira, J. O., Diniz, A. et al. (2008). IC‐P1‐007: Performance comparison of Alzheimer disease and healthy subjects in interpretation of popular proverbs. Alzheimer’s & Dementia, 4(4S_Part_1), T12–T12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2008.05.020.Google Scholar
Canali, S., Altavilla, D., Acciai, A. et al. (2021). The narrative of persons with gambling problems and substance use: A multidimensional analysis of the language of addiction. Journal of Gambling Issues, 47, 7, 167–198. https://doi.org/10.4309/jgi.2021.47.7.Google Scholar
Cardillo, R., Mammarella, I. C., Demurie, E., Giofre, D., & Roeyers, H. (2021). Pragmatic language in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder: Do theory of mind and executive functions have a mediating role?. Autism Research, 14(5), 932–945. https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2423.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carotenuto, A., Arcara, G., Orefice, G. et al. (2018a). Communication in multiple sclerosis: Pragmatic deficit and its relation with cognition and social cognition. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 33(2), 194–205. https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acx061.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carotenuto, A., Cocozza, S., Quarantelli, M. et al. (2018b). Pragmatic abilities in multiple sclerosis: The contribution of the temporo-parietal junction. Brain and Language, 185, 47–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandl.2018.08.003.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carpenter, M., Nagell, K., Tomasello, M., Butterworth, G., & Moore, C. (1998). Social cognition, joint attention, and communicative competence from 9 to 15 months of age. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 63(4), 1–143. https://doi.org/10.2307/1166214.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carruthers, S., Taylor, L., Sadiq, H., & Tripp, G. (2022). The profile of pragmatic language impairments in children with ADHD: A systematic review. Development and Psychopathology, 34(5), 1938–1960. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579421000328.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Casarett, D., Pickard, A., Fishman, J. M. et al. (2010). Can metaphors and analogies improve communication with seriously ill patients? Journal of Palliative Medicine, 13(3), 255–260. https://doi.org/10.1089/jpm.2009.0221.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cavell, T. A. (1990). Social adjustment, social performance, and social skills: A tri-component model of social competence. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 19(2), 111–122. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15374424jccp1902_2.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chaika, E. (2008). Linguistics, Pragmatics and Psychotherapy: A Guide for Therapists. Hoboken: Wiley Blackwell .Google Scholar
Chakrabarty, M., Klooster, N., Biswas, A., & Chatterjee, A. (2023). The scope of using pragmatic language tests for early detection of dementia: A systematic review of investigations using figurative language. Alzheimer’s & Dementia: The Journal of the Alzheimer’s Association, 19(10), 4705–4728. https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.13369.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Charon, R. (2006). Narrative Medicine: Honoring the Stories of Illness. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chemla, E., & Singh, R. (2014). Remarks on the experimental turn in the study of scalar implicature, Part II. Language and Linguistics Compass, 8(9), 387–399. https://doi.org/10.1111/lnc3.12080.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chomsky, N. (1959). A review of BF Skinner’s verbal behavior. Language, 35(1), 26–58. www.jstor.org/stable/i217081.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Colle, L., Angeleri, R., Vallana, M. et al. (2013). Understanding the communicative impairments in schizophrenia: A preliminary study. Journal of Communication Disorders, 46(3), 294–308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcomdis.2013.01.003.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cordella, M. (2004). The Dynamic Consultation: A Discourse Analytical Study of Doctor–Patient Communication. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Costa, A., Hernández, M., & Sebastián-Gallés, N. (2008). Bilingualism aids conflict resolution: Evidence from the ANT task. Cognition, 106(1), 59–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2006.12.013.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Craik, F. I., & Bialystok, E. (2006). Cognition through the lifespan: Mechanisms of change. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 10(3), 131–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2006.01.007.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Crone, E. A., & Dahl, R. E. (2012). Understanding adolescence as a period of social – affective engagement and goal flexibility. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 13(9), 636–650. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn3313.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cummings, L. (2009). Clinical Pragmatics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cummings, L. (2017). Cognitive aspects of pragmatic disorders. In Cummings, L. (Eds.), Research in Clinical Pragmatics: Perspectives in Pragmatics, Philosophy & Psychology, vol 11. Cham: Springer, pp. 587–616. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47489-2_22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cummings, L. (2021). Handbook of Pragmatic Language Disorders: Complex and Underserved Populations. Cham: Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cutica, I., Bucciarelli, M., & Bara, B. G. (2006). Neuropragmatics: Extralinguistic pragmatic ability is better preserved in left-hemisphere-damaged patients than in right-hemisphere-damaged patients. Brain and Language, 98(1), 12–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandl.2006.01.001.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Davis, B. H., Guendouzi, J., & Morón, R. G. (Eds.). (2014). Pragmatics in Dementia Discourse. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars.Google Scholar
DESA, UN Department for Economic and Social Affairs (2023). www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2023/01/WSR_2023_Chapter_Key_Messages.pdf.Google Scholar
Domaneschi, F., & Di Paola, S. (2019). The ageing factor in presupposition processing. Journal of Pragmatics, 140, 70–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2018.11.014.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Duncan, H. D., Nikelski, J., Pilon, R. et al. (2018). Structural brain differences between monolingual and multilingual patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer disease: Evidence for cognitive reserve. Neuropsychologia, 109, 270–282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.12.036.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ephratt, M. (2014). Grice’s cooperative principle in the psychoanalytic setting. The Psychoanalytic Review, 101(6), 815–845. https://doi.org/10.1521/prev.2014.101.6.815.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fägersten, K. B. (2012). Who’s Swearing Now? The Social Aspects of Conversational Swearing. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars.Google Scholar
Fairchild, S., & Papafragou, A. (2018). Sins of omission are more likely to be forgiven in non-native speakers. Cognition, 181, 80–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2018.08.010.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Falkum, I. L., & Köder, F. (2020). The acquisition of figurative meanings. Journal of Pragmatics, 164, 18–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2020.04.007.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ferstl, E. C., & von Cramon, D. Y. (2001). The role of coherence and cohesion in text comprehension: An event-related fMRI study. Cognitive Brain Research, 11(3), 325–340. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0926-6410(01)00007-6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Filippova, E. (2014). Irony production and comprehension. In Matthews, D. (Ed.), Pragmatic Development in First Language Acquisition, Amsterdam: John Benjamins, pp. 261–278. https://doi.org/10.1075/tilar.10.15fil.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fitzpatrick, K. K., Darcy, A., & Vierhile, M. (2017). Delivering cognitive behavior therapy to young adults with symptoms of depression and anxiety using a fully automated conversational agent (Woebot): A randomized controlled trial. JMIR Mental Health, 4(2), e7785. https://doi.org.10.2196/mental.7785.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foppolo, F., & Mazzaggio, G. (2024). 2 Conversational implicature and communication disorders. In Ball, M. J., Müller, N., & Spencer, L. (Eds.), Handbook of Clinical Linguistics (2nd ed.), Hoboken: Wiley Blackwell, pp. 15–27.Google Scholar
Foppolo, F., Mazzaggio, G., Panzeri, F., & Surian, L. (2021). Scalar and ad-hoc pragmatic inferences in children: Guess which one is easier. Journal of Child Language, 48(2), 350–372. https://doi.org/10.1017/S030500092000032X.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fox, A., Dishman, S., Valicek, M., Ratcliff, K., & Hilton, C. (2020). Effectiveness of social skills interventions incorporating peer interactions for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 74(2), 7402180070p1-7402180070p19. https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2020.040212.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Freeman, R. D., Zinner, S. H., Mueller-Vahl, K. R. et al. (2009). Coprophenomena in Tourette syndrome. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 51(3), 218–227. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8749.2008.03135.x.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Frith, M., Togher, L., Ferguson, A., Levick, W., & Docking, K. (2014). Assessment practices of speech-language pathologists for cognitive communication disorders following traumatic brain injury in adults: An international survey. Brain Injury, 28(13–14), 1657–1666. https://doi.org/10.3109/02699052.2014.947619.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gabbatore, I, Guerrini, A. M. & Bosco, F. M. (2023). The fuzzy boundaries of the social (pragmatic) communication disorder (SPCD): Why is the picture still so confusing. Heliyon, 9(8), e19062. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19062.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garraffa, M., Sorace, A., & Vender, M. (2023). Bilingualism Matters: Language Learning Across the Lifespan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN: 9781009333375.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gaudreau, G., Monetta, L., Macoir, J. et al. (2013). Verbal irony comprehension in older adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment. Neuropsychology, 27(6), 702–712. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0034655.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gilliam, J. E., & Miller, L. (2006). Pragmatic Language Skills Inventory. Austin: Pro-Ed.Google Scholar
Goel, V., & Dolan, R. J. (2001). The functional anatomy of humor: Segregating cognitive and affective components. Nature Neuroscience, 4(3), 237–238. https://doi.org/10.1038/85076.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gordon, A., & Zillmer, E. A. (1997). Integrating the MMPI and neuropsychology: A survey of NAN membership. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 12(4), 325–326. https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/12.4.325b.Google Scholar
Green, B. C., Johnson, K. A., & Bretherton, L. (2014). Pragmatic language difficulties in children with hyperactivity and attention problems: An integrated review. International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders, 49(1), 15–29. https://doi.org/10.1111/1460-6984.12056.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Greenberg, A., Bellana, B., & Bialystok, E. (2013). Perspective-taking ability in bilingual children: Extending advantages in executive control to spatial reasoning. Cognitive Development, 28(1), 41–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogdev.2012.10.002.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grice, H. P. (1975). Logic and conversation. In Cole, P., & Morgan, J. (Eds.), Syntax and Semantics (Vol. 3). New York: Academic Press, pp. 41–58.Google Scholar
Halliday, M. A. K. (1975). Learning how to mean. In Lenneberg, E. H., & Lenneberg, E. (Eds.), Foundations of Language Development. New York: Academic Press, pp. 239–265. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-443701-2.50025-1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hamed, S., Bradby, H., Ahlberg, B. M., & Thapar-Björkert, S. (2022). Racism in healthcare: A scoping review. BMC Public Health, 22(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-13122-y.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hamilton, H., & Chou, W. Y. S. (2014). The Routledge Handbook of Language and Health Communication. London: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hansen, T. M., Qureshi, S., Gele, A. et al. (2023). Developmental disorders among Norwegian-born children with immigrant parents. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 17(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13034-022-00547-x.Google Scholar
Harris, M., & Pexman, P. M. (2003). Children’s perceptions of the social functions of verbal irony. Discourse Processes, 36(3), 147–165. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15326950DP3603_1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hauser, D. J., & Schwarz, N. (2020). The war on prevention II: Battle metaphors undermine cancer treatment and prevention and do not increase vigilance. Health Communication, 35(13), 1698–1704. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2019.1663465.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hay, C. M., Sills, J. L., Shoemake, J. M. et al. (2024). F@# $ pain! A mini-review of the hypoalgesic effects of swearing. Frontiers in Psychology, 15, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1416041.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hendricks, R. K., Demjén, Z., Semino, E., & Boroditsky, L. (2018). Emotional implications of metaphor: Consequences of metaphor framing for mindset about cancer. Metaphor and Symbol, 33(4), 267–279. https://doi.org/10.1080/10926488.2018.1549835.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Henry, J. D., Phillips, L. H., Ruffman, T., & Bailey, P. E. (2013). A meta-analytic review of age differences in theory of mind. Psychology and Aging, 28(3), 826–839. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0030677.Google Scholar
Hoffmann, A., Martens, M. A., Fox, R., Rabidoux, P., & Andridge, R. (2013). Pragmatic language assessment in Williams Syndrome: A comparison of the Test of Pragmatic Language – 2 and the Children’s Communication Checklist – 2. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 22(2), 198–204. https://doi.org/10.1044/1058-0360(2012/11-0131).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holler, J., & Levinson, S. C. (2019). Multimodal language processing in human communication. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 23(8), 639–652. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2019.05.006.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Howell, S., Varley, R., Sinnott, E. L., Pring, T., & Beeke, S. (2021). Measuring group social interactions following acquired brain injury: An inter-rater reliability evaluation. Aphasiology, 35(11), 1505–1517. https://doi.org/10.1080/02687038.2020.1836315.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Iwashita, H., & Sohlberg, M. M. (2019). Measuring conversations after acquired brain injury in 30 minutes or less: A comparison of two pragmatic rating scales. Brain Injury, 33(9), 1219–1233. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699052.2019.1631487.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kanner, L. (1943). Autistic disturbances of affective contact. Nervous Child, 2(3), 217–250. http://simonsfoundation.s3.amazonaws.com/share/071207-leo-kanner-autistic-affective-contact.pdf.Google Scholar
Kasher, A., Batori, G., Soroker, N., Graves, D., & Zaidel, E. (1999). Effects of right- and left-hemisphere damage on understanding conversational implicatures. Brain and Language, 68(3), 566–590. https://doi.org/10.1006/brln.1999.2129.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Katerelos, A., Alexopoulos, P., Economou, P., Polychronopoulos, P., & Chroni, E. (2023). Cognitive function in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a cross-sectional and prospective pragmatic clinical study with review of the literature. Neurological Sciences, 45, 2075–2085. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-023-07262-1.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Keegan, L. C., Hoepner, J. K., Togher, L., & Kennedy, M. (2023). Clinically applicable sociolinguistic assessment for cognitive-communication disorders. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 32(2S), 966–976. https://doi.org/10.1044/2022_AJSLP-22-00102.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Keegan, L. C., & Müller, N. (2022). The influence of context on identity construction after traumatic brain injury. Journal of Interactional Research in Communication Disorders, 13(2), 171–195. https://doi.org/10.1558/jircd.21020.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keegan, L. C., Müller, N., Ball, M. J., & Togher, L. (2022). Anger and aspirations: Linguistic analysis of identity after traumatic brain injury. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 32(8), 2029–2053. https://doi.org/10.1080/09602011.2022.2071949.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Keegan, L. C., Suger, C., & Togher, L. (2021). Discourse analysis of humor after traumatic brain injury. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 30(2S), 949–961. https://doi.org/10.1044/2020_AJSLP-20-00059.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Keenan, T. R., & Quigley, K. (1999). Do young children use echoic information in their comprehension of sarcastic speech? A test of echoic mention theory. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 17(1), 83–96. https://doi.org/10.1348/026151099165168.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kidd, D. C., & Castano, E. (2013). Reading literary fiction improves theory of mind. Science, 342(6156), 377–380. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1239918.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kissine, M. (2021). Autism, constructionism, and nativism. Language, 97(3), e139–e160. https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.2021.0055.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Köder, F., Rummelhoff, C., & Garraffa, M. (2024a). Comparing pragmatic abilities across multiple languages in adults with ADHD. Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699206.2024.2374909.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Köder, F., Rummelhoff, C., & Garraffa, M. (2024b). Learning and using multiple languages: Experiences of adults with ADHD. Ampersand, 13, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amper.2024.100191.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Korrel, H., Mueller, K. L., Silk, T., Anderson, V., & Sciberras, E. (2017). Research Review: Language problems in children with Attention‐Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder–a systematic meta‐analytic review. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 58(6), 640–654. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12688.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lakoff, G., & Johnson, M. (1980). Metaphors We Live By. Chicago: University of Chicago.Google Scholar
Lampri, S., Peristeri, E., Marinis, T., & Andreou, M. (2024). Figurative language processing in autism spectrum disorders: A review. Autism Research, 17(4), 674–689. https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.3069.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Landau, S. F., Bendalak, J., Amitay, G., & Marcus, O. (2018). Factors related to negative feelings experienced by emergency department patients and accompanying persons: An Israeli study. Israel Journal of Health Policy Research, 7(1), 1–91. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13584-017-0200-1.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lepper, G. (2009). The pragmatics of therapeutic interaction: An empirical study. The International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 90(5), 1075–1094. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-8315.2009.00191.x.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lethlean, J. B., & Murdoch, B. E. (1997). Performance of subjects with multiple sclerosis on tests of high-level language. Aphasiology, 11(1), 39–57. https://doi.org/10.1080/02687039708248454.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Littlemore, J. (2019). Metaphors in the Mind. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Littlemore, J., & Turner, S. (2019). What can metaphor tell us about experiences of pregnancy loss and how are these experiences reflected in midwife practice? Frontiers Communication, 4, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2019.00042.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lorch, E. P., Diener, M. B., Sanchez, R. P. et al. (1999). The effects of story structure on the recall of stories in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Educational Psychology, 91(2), 273–283. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.91.2.273.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lyddon, W. J., Clay, A. L., & Sparks, C. L. (2001). Metaphor and change in counseling. Journal of Counseling & Development, 79(3), 269–274. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6676.2001.tb01971.x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Malkomsen, A., Røssberg, J. I., Dammen, T. et al. (2022). How therapists in cognitive behavioral and psychodynamic therapy reflect upon the use of metaphors in therapy: A qualitative study. BMC Psychiatry, 22(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-022-04083-y.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Malvini Redden, S., Tracy, S. J., & Shafer, M. S. (2013). A metaphor analysis of recovering substance abusers’ sensemaking of medication-assisted treatment. Qualitative Health Research, 23(7), 951–962. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732313487802.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Manago, A. M., & McKenzie, J. (2022). Culture and digital media in adolescent development. In Nesi, J., Telzer, E. H., & Prinstein, M. J. (Eds.), Handbook of Adolescent Digital Media Use and Mental Health. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 162–187.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marini, A., Carlomagno, S., Caltagirone, C., & Nocentini, U. (2005). The role played by the right hemisphere in the organization of complex textual structures. Brain and Language, 93(1), 46–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandl.2004.08.002.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Marini, A., Spoletini, I., Rubino, I. A. et al. (2008). The language of schizophrenia: An analysis of micro and macrolinguistic abilities and their neuropsychological correlates. Schizophrenia Research, 105(1–3), 144–155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2008.07.011.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Marocchini, E., Di Paola, S., Mazzaggio, G., & Domaneschi, F. (2022). Understanding indirect requests for information in high-functioning autism. Cognitive Processing, 23, 129–153. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10339-021-01056-z.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mary, A., Slama, H., Mousty, P. et al. (2016). Executive and attentional contributions to Theory of Mind deficit in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Child Neuropsychology, 22(3), 345–365. https://doi.org/10.1080/09297049.2015.1012491.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mashal, N., & Coblentz, S. (2014). Creative interpretations of novel conceptual combinations in aging. Creativity Research Journal, 26(2), 158–164. https://doi.org/10.1080/10400419.2014.901071.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matthews, D. (2014). Introduction: An overview of research on pragmatic development. In Matthews, D. (Ed.), Pragmatic Development in First Language Acquisition, Amsterdam: John Benjamins, pp. 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1075/tilar.10.01mat.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matthews, D., Lieven, E., & Tomasello, M. (2010). What’s in a manner of speaking? Children’s sensitivity to partner-specific referential precedents. Developmental Psychology, 46(4), 749–760. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019657.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mazzaggio, G., Foppolo, F., Job, R., & Surian, L. (2021). Ad-hoc and scalar implicatures in children with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Communication Disorders, 90, 106089. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcomdis.2021.106089.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mazzaggio, G., Panizza, D., & Surian, L. (2021). On the interpretation of scalar implicatures in first and second language. Journal of Pragmatics, 171, 62–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2020.10.005.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mazzaggio, G., & Shield, A. (2020). The production of pronouns and verb inflections by Italian children with ASD: A new dataset in a null subject language. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 50, 1425–1433. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-019-04349-7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mazzaggio, G., & Surian, L. (2018). A diminished propensity to compute scalar implicatures is linked to autistic traits. Acta Linguistica Academica, 65(4), 651–668. https://doi.org/10.1556/2062.2018.65.4.4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mazzaggio, G., Zappoli, A., & Mazzarella, D. (2023). Verbal irony and the implicitness of the echo: The processing of young and older adults. Pragmatics & Cognition, 30(2), 412–443.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mazzarella, D., & Pouscoulous, N. (2021). Pragmatics and epistemic vigilance: A developmental perspective. Mind & Language, 36(3), 355–376. https://doi.org/10.1111/mila.12287.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Melo, F. S., Sardinha, A., Belo, D. et al. (2019). Project INSIDE: Towards autonomous semi-unstructured human–robot social interaction in autism therapy. Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, 96, 198–216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.artmed.2018.12.003.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Messer, R. H. (2015). Pragmatic language changes during normal aging: Implications for health care. Healthy Aging & Clinical Care in the Elderly, 7, 1. https://doi.org/10.4137/hacce.s22981Google Scholar
Meulenbroek, P., & Cherney, L. R. (2021). Computer-based workplace communication training in persons with traumatic brain injury: The work-related communication program. Journal of Communication Disorders, 91, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcomdis.2021.106104.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Miranda-Casas, A., Ygual-Fernández, A., & Rosel-Remírez, J. (2004). Complejidad gramatical y mecanismos de cohesión en la pragmática comunicativa de los niños con trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad. Revista de Neurología, 38, 111–116. https://doi.org/10.33588/rn.38S1.2004058.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mizuno, A., Liu, Y., Williams, D. L. et al. (2011). The neural basis of deictic shifting in linguistic perspective-taking in high-functioning autism. Brain, 134(8), 2422–2435. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awr151.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Montemurro, S., Mondini, S., Signorini, M. et al. (2019). Pragmatic language disorder in Parkinson’s Disease and the potential effect of cognitive reserve. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01220.Google ScholarPubMed
Morales, J., Gómez-Ariza, C. J., & Bajo, M. T. (2013). Dual mechanisms of cognitive control in bilinguals and monolinguals. Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 25(5), 531–546. https://doi.org/10.1080/20445911.2013.807812.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murphy, D. R., Daneman, M., & Schneider, B. A. (2006). Why do older adults have difficulty following conversations? Psychology and Aging, 21(1), 49–61. https://doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.21.1.49.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Naigles, L. R., Cheng, M., Rattanasone, N. X. et al. (2016). ‘You’re telling me!’ The prevalence and predictors of pronoun reversals in children with autism spectrum disorders and typical development. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 27, 11–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2016.03.008.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nippold, M. A., Uhden, L. D., & Schwarz, I. E. (1997). Proverb explanation through the lifespan: A developmental study of adolescents and adults. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 40(2), 245–253. https://doi.org/10.1044/jslhr.4002.245.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Noveck, I. A. (2001). When children are more logical than adults: Experimental investigations of scalar implicature. Cognition, 78(2), 165–188.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Noveck, I. (2018). Experimental Pragmatics: The Making of a Cognitive Science. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0010-0277(00)00114-1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Noveck, I. A., & Sperber, D. (Eds.). (2004). Experimental Pragmatics. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O’Grady, S. (2023). An AI generated test of pragmatic competence and connected speech. Language Teaching Research Quarterly, 37, 188–203. https://doi.org/10.32038/ltrq.2023.37.10.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
OECD (2023). PISA 2022 Results (Volume I): The State of Learning and Equity in Education, PISA, OECD, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/53f23881-en.Google Scholar
Overcash, J. A. (2003). Narrative research: A review of methodology and relevance to clinical practice. Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology, 48(2), 179–184.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Panzeri, F., Mazzaggio, G., Giustolisi, B., Silleresi, S., & Surian, L. (2022). The atypical pattern of irony comprehension in autistic children. Applied Psycholinguistics, 43(4), 757–784. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0142716422000091.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Papagno, C., Lucchelli, F., Muggia, S., & Rizzo, S. (2003). Idiom comprehension in Alzheimer’s disease: The role of the central executive. Brain, 126, 2419–2430. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awg243.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pardini, M., Gialloreti, L. E., Mascolo, M. et al. (2013). Isolated theory of mind deficits and risk for frontotemporal dementia: A longitudinal pilot study. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 84(7), 818–821. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2012-303684.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Parola, A., Gabbatore, I., Bosco, F. M. et al. (2016). Assessment of pragmatic impairment in right hemisphere damage. Journal of Neurolinguistics, 39, 10–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroling.2015.12.003.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parsons, L., Cordier, R., Munro, N., Joosten, A., & Speyer, R. (2017). A systematic review of pragmatic language interventions for children with autism spectrum disorder. PloS ONE, 12(4), 1–37. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0172242.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pell, M. D. (2006). Cerebral mechanisms for understanding emotional prosody in speech. Brain and Language, 96(2), 221–234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandl.2005.04.007.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pennebaker, J. W. (2000). Telling stories: The health benefits of narrative. Literature and Medicine, 19(1), 3–18. https://doi.org/10.1353/lm.2000.0011.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Petersen, R. C., Doody, R., Kurz, A. et al. (2001). Current concepts in mild cognitive impairment. Archives of Neurology, 58(12), 1985–1992. https://doi.org/10.1001/archneur.58.12.1985.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Petersen, R. C., Smith, G. E., Waring, S. C. et al . (1999). Mild cognitive impairment: Clinical characterization and outcome. Archives of Neurology, 56(3), 303–308. https://doi.org/10.1001/archneur.56.3.303.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pexman, P. M., & Glenwright, M. (2007). How do typically developing children grasp the meaning of verbal irony? Journal of Neurolinguistics, 20(2), 178–196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroling.2006.06.001.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Phillips, L. H., Allen, R., Bull, R. et al. (2015). Older adults have difficulty in decoding sarcasm. Developmental Psychology, 51(12), 1840–1852. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000063.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Phelps Terasaki, D., & Phelps-Gunn, T. (2007). Test of Pragmatic Language, 2nd ed. Austin: Pro-Ed.Google Scholar
Pijnacker, J., Hagoort, P., Buitelaar, J., Teunisse, J. P., & Geurts, B. (2009). Pragmatic inferences in high-functioning adults with autism and Asperger syndrome. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 39, 607–618. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-008-0661-8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pinker, S. (2007). The Stuff of Thought: Language as a Window into Human Nature. New York: Penguin.Google Scholar
Place, K. S., & Becker, J. A. (1991). The influence of pragmatic competence on the likeability of grade-school children. Discourse Processes, 14(2), 227–241. https://doi.org/10.1080/01638539109544783.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Plotas, P., Nanousi, V., Kantanis, A. et al. (2023). Speech deficits in multiple sclerosis: A narrative review of the existing literature. European Journal of Medical Research, 28(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-023-01230-3.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Prado, J., Spotorno, N., Koun, E. et al. (2015). Neural interaction between logical reasoning and pragmatic processing in narrative discourse. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 27(4), 692–704. https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00744.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Premack, D., & Woodruff, G. (1978). Does the chimpanzee have a theory of mind? Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 1(4), 515–526. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X00076512.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Prideaux, G. D. (1991). Syntactic form and textual rhetoric: The cognitive basis for certain pragmatic principles. Journal of Pragmatics, 16(2), 113–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-2166(91)90076-A.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rapp, A. M., & Wild, B. (2011). Nonliteral language in Alzheimer dementia: A review. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 17(2), 207–218. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355617710001682.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Renauld, S., Mohamed-Saïd, L., & Macoir, J. (2016). Language disorders in multiple sclerosis: A systematic review. Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders, 10, 103–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msard.2016.09.005.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rietdijk, R., Power, E., Attard, M., Heard, R., & Togher, L. (2020). Improved conversation outcomes after social communication skills training for people with traumatic brain injury and their communication partners: A clinical trial investigating in-person and telehealth delivery. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 63(2), 615–632. https://doi.org/10.1044/2019_JSLHR-19-00076.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rowe, M. L. (2000). Pointing and talk by low-income mothers and their 14-month-old children. First Language, 20(60), 305–330. https://doi.org/10.1177/014272370002006005.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rowe, M. L., Özçalışkan, Ş., & Goldin-Meadow, S. (2008). Learning words by hand: Gesture’s role in predicting vocabulary development. First Language, 28(2), 182–199. https://doi.org/10.1177/0142723707088310.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sacco, K., Angeleri, R., Bosco, F. M. et al. (2008). Assessment battery for communication–ABaCo: A new instrument for the evaluation of pragmatic abilities. Journal of Cognitive Science, 9(2), 111–157. https://doi.org/10.17791/jcs.2008.9.2.111.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Salo, V. C., Rowe, M. L., & Reeb‐Sutherland, B. C. (2018). Exploring infant gesture and joint attention as related constructs and as predictors of later language. Infancy, 23(3), 432–452. https://doi.org/10.1111/infa.12229.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schaeffer, J., Abd El-Raziq, M., Castroviejo, E. et al. (2023). Language in autism: Domains, profiles and co-occurring conditions. Journal of Neural Transmission, 130(3), 433–457. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-023-02592-y.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schmidt, M., Beck, D., Glaser, N., Schmidt, C., & Abdeen, F. (2019). Formative design and evaluation of an immersive learning intervention for adults with autism: Design and research implications. In Beck, D., Peña-Rios, A. Ogle, T. et al. (Eds.), Immersive Learning Research Network. iLRN 2019. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol. 1044, Cham: Springer, pp. 71–85. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23089-0_6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schouten, B. C., & Meeuwesen, L. (2006). Cultural differences in medical communication: A review of the literature. Patient Education and Counseling, 64(1–3), 21–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2005.11.014.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Searle, J. R. (1969). Speech Acts: An Essay in the Philosophy of Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Semino, E. (2021). ‘Not soldiers but fire-fighters’ – Metaphors and covid-19. Health Communication, 36(1), 50–58. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2020.184498.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Semino, E., Demjén, Z., Demmen, J. et al. (2017). The online use of Violence and Journey metaphors by patients with cancer, as compared with health professionals: A mixed methods study. BMJ supportive & Palliative Care, 7(1), 60–66. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjspcare-2014-000785.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Semino, E., Demjén, Z., Demmen, J. et al. (2017).The online use of violence and journey metaphors by patients with cancer, as compared with health professionals: A mixed methods study. BMJ Support Palliat Care, 7, 60–66.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shinebourne, P., & Smith, J. A. (2010). The communicative power of metaphors: An analysis and interpretation of metaphors in accounts of the experience of addiction. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 83(1), 59–73. https://doi.org/10.1348/147608309X468077.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Siegal, M., Surian, L., Matsuo, A. et al. (2010). Bilingualism accentuates children’s conversational understanding. PloS ONE, 5(2), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0009004.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Siegal, M., & Varley, R. (2002). Neural systems involved in ‘theory of mind’. Nature Review, Neuroscience, 3(6), 463–471. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn844.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Slabakova, R. (2010). Scalar implicatures in second language acquisition. Lingua, 120(10), 2444–2462. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2009.06.005.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sperber, D., & Wilson, D. (1981). Irony and the use-mention distinction. Philosophy, 3, 143–184.Google Scholar
Spina, M., Arndt, J., Landau, M. J., & Cameron, L. D. (2018). Enhancing health message framing with metaphor and cultural values: Impact on Latinas’ cervical cancer screening. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 52(2), 106–115. https://doi.org/10.1093/abm/kax009.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Spotorno, N., McMillan, C. T., Rascovsky, K. et al. (2015). Beyond words: Pragmatic inference in behavioral variant of frontotemporal degeneration. Neuropsychologia, 75, 556–564. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.07.002.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stapleton, K., & Fägersten, K. B. (2023). Swearing and interpersonal pragmatics. Journal of Pragmatics, 218, 147–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2023.10.009.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stephens, G., & Matthews, D. (2014). The communicative infant from 0–18 months: The social-cognitive foundations of pragmatic development. In Matthews, D. (Ed.), Pragmatic Development in First Language Acquisition, Amsterdam: John Benjamins, pp. 13–35. https://doi.org/10.1075/tilar.10.02ste.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stephens, R., & Robertson, O. (2020). Swearing as a response to pain: Assessing hypoalgesic effects of novel ‘swear’ words. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00723.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sulpizio, S., Toti, M., Del Maschio, N. et al. (2019). Are you really cursing? Neural processing of taboo words in native and foreign language. Brain and Language, 194, 84–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandl.2019.05.003.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Surian, L., Baron-Cohen, S., & Van der Lely, H. (1996). Are children with autism deaf to Gricean maxims? Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 1(1), 55–72. https://doi.org/10.1080/135468096396703.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tager-Flusberg, H. (2000). Understanding the language and communicative impairments in autism. In Glidden, L. M. (Ed.), International Review of Research on Mental Retardation. Special Issue on Autism. New York: Academic Press, pp. 185–205. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0074-7750(00)80011-7.Google Scholar
Taler, V., & Phillips, N. A. (2008). Language performance in Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment: A comparative review. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 30(5), 501–556. https://doi.org/10.1080/13803390701550128.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thomas, J. (1983). Cross-cultural pragmatic failure. Applied Linguistics, 4(2), 91–112. https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/4.2.91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thurnherr, F. (2021). Interpersonal Pragmatics and the Therapeutic Alliance: The Collaborative Work in Email Counseling. Freiburg: NIHIN Studies.Google Scholar
Togher, L., McDonald, S., Tate, R., Rietdijk, R., & Power, E. (2016). The effectiveness of social communication partner training for adults with severe chronic TBI and their families using a measure of perceived communication ability. NeuroRehabilitation, 38(3), 243–255. https://doi.org/10.3233/NRE-151316.Google ScholarPubMed
Togher, L., Power, E., Tate, R., McDonald, S., & Rietdijk, R. (2010). Measuring the social interactions of people with traumatic brain injury and their communication partners: The adapted Kagan scales. Aphasiology, 24(6–8), 914–927. https://doi.org/10.1080/02687030903422478.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Togher, L., Wiseman-Hakes, C., Douglas, J. et al. (2014). INCOG recommendations for management of cognition following traumatic brain injury, part IV: Cognitive communication. The Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 29(4), 353–368. https://doi.org/10.1097/HTR.0000000000000071.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Topol, E. J. (2023). Machines and empathy in medicine. Lancet, 402(10411), 1411. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(23)02292-4.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Väisänen, R., Loukusa, S., Moilanen, I., & Yliherva, A. (2014). Language and pragmatic profile in children with ADHD measured by Children’s Communication Checklist 2nd edition. Logopedics Phoniatrics Vocology, 39(4), 179–187. https://doi.org/10.3109/14015439.2013.784802.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Valian, V. (2015). Bilingualism and cognition. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 18(1), 3–24. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728914000522.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Lancker, D., & Cummings, J. L. (1999). Expletives: Neurolinguistic and neurobehavioral perspectives on swearing. Brain Research: Brain Research Reviews, 31(1), 83–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0165-0173(99)00060-0.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vingerhoets, A. J., Bylsma, L. M., & De Vlam, C. (2013). Swearing: A biopsychosocial perspective. Psihologijske teme, 22(2), 287–304. https://hrcak.srce.hr/108514.Google Scholar
Voss, C., Schwartz, J., Daniels, J. et al. (2019). Effect of wearable digital intervention for improving socialization in children with autism spectrum disorder: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA pediatrics, 173(5), 446–454. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.0285.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vrticka, P., Black, J. M., & Reiss, A. L. (2013). The neural basis of humour processing. Nature Review Neuroscience, 14(12), 860–868. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn3566.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Washmuth, N. B., & Stephens, R. (2022). Frankly, we do give a damn: Improving patient outcomes with swearing. Archives of Physiotherapy, 12(1), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40945-022-00131-8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Washmuth, N. B., Stephens, R., McAfee, B. et al. (2023). Using expletives to enhance therapeutic outcomes: A case report. Health Psychology Research, 11, 89726. https://doi.org/10.52965/001c.89726.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wellman, H. M., & Liu, D. (2004). Scaling of theory‐of‐mind tasks. Child Development, 75(2), 523–541. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2004.00691.x.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wilson, D., & Sperber, D. (2012). Explaining irony. In Meaning and Relevance, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 123–145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139028370.008.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wimmer, H., & Perner, J. (1983). Beliefs about beliefs: Representation and constraining function of wrong beliefs in young children’s understanding of deception. Cognition, 13(1), 103–128. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-0277(83)90004-5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Winner, E., Brownell, H., Happé, F., Blum, A., & Pincus, D. (1998). Distinguishing lies from jokes: Theory of mind deficits and discourse interpretation in right hemisphere brain-damaged patients. Brain and Language, 62(1), 89–106. https://doi.org/10.1006/brln.1997.1889.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Winner, E., & Gardner, H. (1977). The comprehension of metaphor in brain-damaged patients. Brain, 100(4), 717–729. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/100.4.717.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
World Health Organization. (2001). The World Health Report : 2001 : Mental Health : New Understanding, New Hope. World Health Organization. https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/42390.Google Scholar
World Health Organization. (2007). International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health: Children & Youth Version: ICF-CY. World Health Organization.Google Scholar
Ying Sng, C., Carter, M., & Stephenson, J. (2018). A systematic review of the comparative pragmatic differences in conversational skills of individuals with autism. Autism & Developmental Language Impairments, 3, 2396941518803806. https://doi.org/10.1177/239694151880380.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yu, B. (2011). The emotional world of health online communities. In Proceedings of the 2011 iConference (iConference ‘11). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, 806–807. https://doi.org/10.1145/1940761.1940914.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
This Element is free online from 13th February 2025 - 27th February 2025