Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-fscjk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T18:52:54.522Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Viral Shakespeare

Performance in the Time of Pandemic

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 December 2021

Pascale Aebischer
Affiliation:
University of Exeter

Summary

This Element offers a first-person phenomenological history of watching productions of Shakespeare during the pandemic year of 2020. The first section of the Element explores how Shakespeare 'went viral' during the first lockdown of 2020 and considers how the archival recordings of Shakespeare productions made freely available by theatres across Europe and North America impacted on modes of spectatorship and viewing practices, with a particular focus on the effect of binge-watching Hamlet in lockdown. The Element's second section documents two made-for-digital productions of Shakespeare by Oxford-based Creation Theatre and Northern Irish Big Telly, two companies who became leaders in digital theatre during the pandemic. It investigates how their productions of The Tempest and Macbeth modelled new platform-specific ways of engaging with audiences and creating communities of viewing at a time when, in the UK, government policies were excluding most non-building-based theatre companies and freelancers from pandemic relief packages.
Get access
Type
Element
Information
Online ISBN: 9781108943482
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication: 20 January 2022

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aebischer, P. (2020). Shakespeare, Spectatorship and the Technologies of Performance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aebischer, P. and Nicholas, R. (2020a). Digital Theatre Transformation: A Case Study and Digital Toolkit. Oxford: Creation Theatre. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/123464Google Scholar
Aebischer, P. and Nicholas, R. (2020b). Digital Theatre Transformation_ Audience Questionnaire_anon.xlsx. figshare. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.13076963.v1Google Scholar
Allred, G. K. (2022, forthcoming). Notions of Liveness in Lockdown Shakespeare. In Allred, G. K., Broadribb, B. and Sullivan, E., eds. Shakespeare in Lockdown: New Evolutions in Performance and Adaptation. London: Bloomsbury.Google Scholar
Allred, G. K. and Broadribb, B. (2022a, forthcoming). Case Study: Introducing Big Telly. In G. K. Allred, Broadribb, B. and Sullivan, E., eds. Shakespeare in Lockdown: New Evolutions in Performance and Adaptation. London: Bloomsbury.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Allred, G. K. and Broadribb, B. (2022b, forthcoming). Lockdown Shakespeare: A (Long) Year in Review. In G. K. Allred, Broadribb, B. and Sullivan, E., eds. Shakespeare in Lockdown: New Evolutions in Performance and Adaptation. London: Bloomsbury.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Backscheider, P. R., ed. (1992). Daniel Defoe: Journal of the Plague Year. New York: Norton.Google Scholar
Bakhtin, M. (1984). Rabelais and His World. Trans. by Helene Iswolsky. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.Google Scholar
Bakhshi, H., Mateos-Garcia, J. and Throsby, D. (2010). Beyond Live: Digital Innovation in the Performing Arts. London: NESTA (Research Briefing), https://media.nesta.org.uk/documents/beyond_live.pdfGoogle Scholar
Barberà, P. (2020). Social Media, Echo Chambers, and Political Polarization. In Persily, N. and Tucker, J. A., eds. Social Media and Democracy: The State of the Field, Prospects for Reform. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 34–55. Open Access web publication.Google Scholar
Barnett, D. (2014). Heiner Müller, Die Hamletmaschine. In P. W. Marx, ed. Hamlet-Handbuch: Stoffe, Aneignungen, Deutungen. Stuttgart: Verlag J. B. Metzler, pp. 422–8.Google Scholar
Bernard, J. F. (2019). Hamlet’s Story/Stories of Hamlet: Shakespeare’s Theater, the Plague, and Contagious Storytelling. In Chalk, Darryl and Floyd-Wilson, Mary, eds. Contagion and the Shakespearean Stage. Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 213–32.Google Scholar
Betancourt, M. (2017). Glitch Art in Theory and Practice: Critical Failures and Post-Digital Aesthetics. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Bizzocchi, J. (2009). The Fragmented Frame: The Poetics of the Split-Screen. Media-in-Transition 6 Conference – Stone and Papyrus, Storage and Transmission, 24–26 April 2009. Cambridge, MA. http://web.mit.edu/comm-forum/mit6/papers/Bizzocchi.pdfGoogle Scholar
Bloom, G. (2018). Gaming the Stage: Playable Media and the Rise of English Commercial Theater. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.Google Scholar
Bogost, I. (2010). I Became a Fan of Marshall McLuhan on Facebook and Suggested that You Become a Fan, Too. In Wittkower, D. E., ed. Facebook and Philosophy: What’s on Your Mind? Chicago, IL: Open Court, pp. 2132.Google Scholar
Borzuk, A. (2021). Review: The Duchess of Malfi (Online). Exeunt Magazine, 18 March 2021, http://exeuntmagazine.com/reviews/review-duchess-malfi-online/Google Scholar
Broadribb, B. (2021a). ‘Peace! The Charm’s Wound Up’: Subverting Virtual Theatre in Big Telly’s Macbeth and Hijinx Theatre’s Metamorphosis. ‘Action is Eloquence’: Rethinking Shakespeare. Blog post, 2 January, https://medium.com/action-is-eloquence-re-thinking-shakespeare/peace-the-charms-wound-up-subverting-virtual-theatre-in-big-telly-s-macbeth-and-hijinx-15b01f5488d2Google Scholar
Broadribb, B. (2022, forthcoming). Lockdown Screen Adaptation and the Metamodern Sensibility. In G. K. Allred, Broadribb, B. and Sullivan, E., eds. Shakespeare in Lockdown: New Evolutions in Performance and Adaptation. London: Bloomsbury.Google Scholar
Broadribb, B. (2021b, forthcoming). Macbeth (Review). Shakespeare Bulletin 39.2.Google Scholar
Brown, J. R. (1993). Foreign Shakespeare and English-Speaking Audiences. In Kennedy, D., ed. Foreign Shakespeare: Contemporary Performance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 2135.Google Scholar
Buchanan, J. and Wyver, J. (2020). The Arts in Lockdown. YouTube: TORCH: The Oxford Research Centre in the Humanities, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DLw0du1sKQIGoogle Scholar
Butler, J. (2021). Bodies That Still Matter. In A. Halsema, K. Kwastek and R. van den Oever, eds. Bodies That Still Matter. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, pp. 177–93.Google Scholar
Centre for Cultural Value (2021). Webinar: Covid-19: ‘The Great Unequaliser?’ Culture Hive. 12 March. www.culturehive.co.uk/CVIresources/webinar-covid-19-the-great-unequaliser/Google Scholar
Clarke, E. (2020). Stay Alert Memes: 18 Reactions that Sum Up How Confused Some People Are. Evening Standard, 11 May 2020, https://www.standard.co.uk/news/uk/stay-alert-memes-boris-johnson-lockdown-update-a4436921.htmlGoogle Scholar
Clubb, L. G. (1989). Italian Drama in Shakespeare’s Time. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Cook, A. (2009). Wrinkles, Wormholes and ‘Hamlet’: The Wooster Group’s ‘Hamlet’ as a Challenge to Periodicity. TDR/The Drama Review 53(4): 104–19.Google Scholar
Dasent, J. R., ed. (2009). Acts of the Privy Council of England, New Series, Vol. XXIV, A. D. 1592–3. Burlington, ONT: TannerRitchie Publishing.Google Scholar
Dekker, T. (1603). The Wonderfull Yeare. 1603. Wherein Is Shewed the Picture of London, Lying Sicke of the Plague. At the Ende of All (Like a Mery Epilogue to a Dull Play) Certaine Tales Are Cut Out in Sundry Fashions, of Purpose to Shorten the Liues of Long Winters Nights, that Lye Watching in the Darke for Vs. London: Thomas Creede. STC (2nd ed.) / 6535.3. Early English Books Online/ProQuest LLC.Google Scholar
Dennis, J. (2019). Creation Create a Hilarious After-Dark Adventure Comedy Tempest Where the Audience Are as Shipwrecked as the Cast, Daily Info, 24 July, www.dailyinfo.co.uk/feature/15426/the-tempestGoogle Scholar
Dickson, A. (2020). Shakespeare in Lockdown: Did He Write King Lear in Plague Quarantine? The Guardian, 22 March, https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2020/mar/22/shakespeare-in-lockdown-did-he-write-king-lear-in-plague-quarantineGoogle Scholar
Dobson, M. (2013). Foreign Shakespeare and the Uninformed Theatre-Goer. In Bennett, S. and Carson, C., eds. Shakespeare Beyond English: A Global Experiment. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 190–4.Google Scholar
Equity, UK. (2020). Covid-19 Financial Support Guide. Equity.org.uk. 2 November, https://www.equity.org.uk/media/5543/covid-19-financial-support-guide_-v21.pdfGoogle Scholar
Fetzer, T. (2020). Subsidising the Spread of Covid19: Evidence from the UK’s Eat-Out-to-Help-Out Scheme. The Economic Journal, https://academic.oup.com/ej/advance-article/doi/10.1093/ej/ueab074/6382847Google Scholar
Gillinson, M. (2020). The Tempest Review – Interactive Online Production Goes Down a Storm. The Guardian (online), 12 April, https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2020/apr/12/the-tempest-review-interactive-online-zoomGoogle Scholar
Girard, R. (1974). The Plague in Literature and Myth. Texas Studies in Literature and Language 15(4): 833–50.Google Scholar
Hawkes, T. (1992). Meaning by Shakespeare. London and New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Hodgdon, B. C. (2021). Ghostly Fragments: Essays on Shakespeare and Performance. Eds. Richard Abel and Peter Hollland. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan PressGoogle Scholar
Ingold, T. (2007). Lines: A Brief History. Abingdon: Routledge.Google Scholar
Kidnie, M. J. (2018). The Stratford Festival of Canada: Mental Tricks and Archival Documents in the Age of NTLive. In Aebischer, P., Greenhalgh, S. and Osborne, L., eds. Shakespeare and the ‘Live’ Theatre Broadcast Experience. London: Bloomsbury (The Arden Shakespeare), pp. 133–46.Google Scholar
Kirwan, P. and Sullivan, E. (2020). From the Editors of the Special Reviews Section: Shakespeare in Lockdown. Shakespeare Bulletin 38(3): 15.Google Scholar
Knowles, R. (2004). Reading the Material Theatre. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Lachmann, R. (1988–9). Bakhtin and Carnival: Culture as Counter-Culture. Trans. R. Eshelman and M. Davis. Cultural Critique 11: 115–52.Google Scholar
Lafferty, E. (2019). The Tempest: Creation Theatre Magic Brought to Shakespearean Classic. Oxford Magazine, www.oxmag.co.uk/articles/the-tempest/Google Scholar
Lambert, H. et al. (2020). COVID-19 as Global Challenge: Towards an Inclusive and Sustainable Future. The Lancet: Planetary Health. 4: e312–e14.Google Scholar
Lehmann, H.-T. (2006). Postdramatic Theatre. Trans. K. Jürs-Munby. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Liedke, H. L. (2020). The Tempest (2020) by Creation Theatre: Live in Your Living Room. Miranda 21, n.p., https://journals.openedition.org/miranda/28323Google Scholar
Liedke, H. L. and Pietrzak-Franger, M. (2021). Viral Theatre: Preliminary Thoughts on the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Online Theatre. Journal of Contemporary Drama in English 9(1): 128–44.Google Scholar
Mitchell, L. (2019). Interview with Creation Theatre Company. BBC Radio Oxford, 13 July, www.facebook.com/CreationTheatre/videos/the-tempest-rehearsals-on-bbc-radio-oxford/443882296448706/Google Scholar
Mori, M. ([1970]2012). The Uncanny Valley: The Original Essay by Masahiro Mori. Trans. K.F. MacDorman and N. Kageki. Originally published in Japanese in Energy 7.4, pp. 33-35, 1970. IEEE Spectrum, 12 June, https://spectrum.ieee.org/the-uncanny-valleyGoogle Scholar
Müller, H. (2001a). Die Hamletmaschine. In Hörnigk, F., ed. Heiner Müller: Werke 4: Stücke 2. Berlin: Suhrkamp Verlag, pp. 545–54.Google Scholar
Müller, H. (2001b). The Hamletmachine, by Heiner Mueller, 1979. Trans. D. Redmond. theater.augent.be/file/13.Google Scholar
Müller, H. (2012). Shakespeare: A Difference. In C. Weber and P. D. Young, trans. Heiner Müller After Shakespeare. New York: PAJ Publications, pp. 172–5.Google Scholar
Nahon, K. and Hemsley, J. (2013). Going Viral. Cambridge: Polity Press.Google Scholar
NESTA. (2010). ‘Beyond Live: Digital Innovation in the Performing Arts,’ Research Briefing, February 2010. www.nesta.org.uk/sites/default/files/beyond_live.pdfGoogle Scholar
Parker-Starbuck, J. (2009). The Play-within-the-film-within-the-play’s the Thing: Re-Transmitting Analogue Bodies in the Wooster Group’s Hamlet. International Journal of Performance Arts and Digital Media 5(1): 2334.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Phelan, P. (1993). Unmarked: The Politics of Performance. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Raber, K. (2018). Shakespeare and Posthumanist Theory. London: Bloomsbury (The Arden Shakespeare).Google Scholar
Raines, K. (2020). Act 2: National Audience Research: Wave 2: 22 June – 15 July 2020. Indigo-Ltd. http://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/supercool-indigo/Act-2-Report-wave-2-results.pdfGoogle Scholar
Reijn, H. and Wilson, R. (2018). Playing Female Roles in the Classics: Halina Reijn and Ruth Wilson, in conversation (June 2017). In S. Bennett and S. Massai, eds., Ivo Van Hove: From Shakespeare to David Bowie. London: Methuen, pp. 33–8.Google Scholar
Rogoff, Gordon. (1986). Hamletmaschine by Heiner Müller and Robert Wilson. Performing Arts Journal 10(1): 54–7.Google Scholar
Sample, I. and Davis, N. (2020). Covid Cases Among Secondary School-Aged Children Rise in England. The Guardian, 2 October, www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/02/covid-cases-among-secondary-school-aged-children-rise-in-englandGoogle Scholar
Schneider, R. (2001), ‘Performance Remains’, Performance Research 6(2): 100108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shakespeare, W. (1832). Hamlet. Trans. A. W. von Schlegel. Gütersloh: Sigbert Mohn Verlag, pp. 581–688. Projekt Gutenberg, www.projekt-gutenberg.org/shakespr/hamlet-s/hamlet-s.htmlGoogle Scholar
Shakespeare, W. (1997). The Norton Shakespeare, 3rd ed., Greenblatt, S. et al., eds. New York and London: W. W. Norton.Google Scholar
Shaughnessy, R. (2020). About Shakespeare: Bodies, Spaces and Texts. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Shellard, D. (2004). Economic Impact Study of UK Theatre. London: Arts Council England, www.researchgate.net/publication/265004678_Economic_impact_study_of_UK_theatreGoogle Scholar
Smith, P. J., Valls-Russell, J. and Yabut, D. (2020). Shakespeare under Global Lockdown: Introduction. Cahiers Élisabéthains 103(1): 101–11.Google Scholar
Sullivan, E. (2018a). The Audience Is Present: Aliveness, Social Media, and the Theatre Broadcast Experience. In Aebischer, P., Greenhalgh, S. and Osborne, L., eds. Shakespeare and the ‘Live’ Theatre Broadcast Experience. London: Bloomsbury (The Arden Shakespeare), pp. 5975.Google Scholar
Sullivan, E. (2018b). The Role of the Arts in the History of Emotions: Aesthetic Experience and Emotion as Method. Emotions: History, Culture, Society 2: 113–31.Google Scholar
Sullivan, E. (2022, forthcoming). Conclusion. In G. K. Allred Broadribb, B. and Sullivan, E., eds. Shakespeare in Lockdown: New Evolutions in Performance and Adaptation. London: Bloomsbury.Google Scholar
Templeman, S. (2013). ‘What’s this? Mutton?’: Food, Bodies, and Inn-Yard Performance Spaces in Early Shakespearean Drama. Shakespeare Bulletin 31(1): 7994.Google Scholar
United Nations. (2020). Countries Urged to Act against COVID-19 ‘Infodemic’. UN News, 23 September. https://news.un.org/en/story/2020/09/1073302Google Scholar
Van Hove, I. (2018). The Taming of the Shrew: Ivo van Hove (Extract from the Director’s Notes). In S. Bennett and S. Massai, eds., Ivo Van Hove: From Shakespeare to David Bowie. London: Methuen, pp. 46–8.Google Scholar
Weimann, R. (1978). Shakespeare and the Popular Tradition in the Theater, trans. Robert Schwartz. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
West, W. N. (2006). Understanding in the Elizabethan Theatres. Renaissance Drama, n.s. 35: 113–43.Google Scholar
Worthen, W. B. (2003). Shakespeare and the Force of Modern Performance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Worthen, W. B. (2010). Drama: Between Poetry and Performance. Chichester, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.Google Scholar
Worthen, W. B. (2020). Shakespeare, Technicity, Theatre. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Save element to Kindle

To save this element to your Kindle, first ensure no-reply@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Viral Shakespeare
Available formats
×

Save element to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Viral Shakespeare
Available formats
×

Save element to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Viral Shakespeare
Available formats
×